Dietary Fats Discriminate Risk for Abdominal Obesity and Glucose Metabolism among Urban Affluent Adult Males in Pune, India

Indian diets have not been thoroughly investigated despite the fact that 'Nutrition Transition' parallels a rapidly escalating epidemic of obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases. Data on socio-economic background, dietary intake, BMI, Body Fat, Waist Circumference (WC), Abdominal Circumference (AC) and fasting blood estimations were recorded on 302 affluent men (30-60 years) in a cross-sectional study in Pune, India. Average daily calorie intake was lower (1714.7 ± 442 kcal) than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (ICMR, 2010) while mean fat (45.8 ± 19.1 g), carbohydrate (279.2 ± 68.3 g) and protein intakes (46.5 ± 15.1 g) were comparable. Increase in mean WC and AC (3.9 cm), in prevalence of overall obesity (49.4% to 65.4%) and in prevalence of abdominal obesity (24.7% to 40.7%) was significant (p<0.05 for all) across tertiles of total calories. But with increase in fat intake, it was only the prevalence of abdominal obesity that increased significantly (23.2% to 39.5%; p<0.05). Subjects having higher calorie intake (>1816 kcal/d) had two times higher risk for overall and abdominal adiposity while subjects having higher fat intake (>50g/d) had two times higher risk for abdominal obesity alone. Fat density but not carbohydrate, was sensitive as the prevalence of high Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), significantly (p<0.05) increased (20.2% to 42.9%) with its increase. Additionally, the risk of high FBG was about 3 times higher (p<0.01) for high fat density (>30%). Thus, high fat density but not carbohydrate density may be an important causative factor for high rates of abdominal obesity and disturbed glucose metabolism in India.

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Fish Cooking Methods and Impaired Glucose Metabolism Among Japanese Workers: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061775 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1775

Author(s):

Akiko Nanri ◽

Ayane Takazaki ◽

Takeshi Kochi ◽

Masafumi Eguchi ◽

Isamu Kabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Fish Intake ◽

Health Study ◽

Cooking Methods ◽

Deep Frying ◽

Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽

Cooking Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fish And Shellfish

The aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional association between fish and shellfish intake and impaired glucose metabolism with consideration for cooking methods in a Japanese working population. Participants were 1774 workers aged 18–69 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. Participants were asked about their most frequently used cooking method for fish, and the method was classified as either “raw and stewing” or “broiling, deep-frying, and stir-frying”. Impaired glucose metabolism was defined by a history of diabetes, current use of anti-diabetic drugs, fasting blood glucose ≥110 mg/dl, or HbA1c ≥6.0%. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios of impaired glucose metabolism for fish intake by cooking method. Fish intake was not associated with impaired glucose metabolism in either group. When the outcome was defined as diabetes, the odds of diabetes increased with fish intake among participants who most frequently used broiling, deep-frying, or stir-frying methods, albeit they were not statistically significant; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for the highest versus the lowest tertiles of fish intake was 1.95 (95%CI, 0.71–5.41). Cooking methods for fish may not modify the association between fish intake and impaired glucose metabolism among Japanese populations.

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Bamboutos Division’s Adults, West Region of Cameroon

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/9676984 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wiliane J. T. Marbou ◽

Victor Kuete

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Task Force ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mets Component ◽

West Region ◽

Hs Crp

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated risks remain unappreciated in Bamboutos Division, west region of Cameroon. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MetS, its individual components, and associated risk factors among Bamboutos Division’s adults population using a Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention definitions parameters. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2016 to May 2018 in Mbouda ADLUCEM Hospital and Mbouda District Hospital, two reference hospitals in Bamboutos Division, west region of Cameroon. Interview, physical and clinical examinations, and lipid and fasting blood glucose measurements were conducted for 604 adults. The definition of MetS proposed by IDF was used. The prevalence of MetS was 32.45% with highly significant female predominance (46.11% for females and 14.01 % for males). In the entire participants, the most common abnormalities were low-HDL (82.78%) and hypertriglyceridemia (53.97%) [p<0.001]. Participants with obesity (OR: 16.34; 95% CI: 9.21-28.96), overweight (OR: 7.45; 95% CI: 4.17-13.30), and highest hs-CRP (hs-CRP >11 mg/l) had a higher risk of developing MetS. The most common MetS component was abdominal obesity (OR: 353.13; 95% CI: 136.16-915.81). MetS is prevalent among Bamboutos Division’s adults in west region of Cameroon and abdominal obesity is the most common MetS component. This study highlights the need for evidence-based prevention, diagnosis, and management of MetS and its associated factors among Bamboutos Division’s adults in Cameroon.

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Trends in the Prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Future Predictions in Korean Men, 1998–2035

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9082626 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2626

Author(s):

Seo Young Kang ◽

Ye-Jee Kim ◽

Hye Soon Park

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fat Intake ◽

High Fat ◽

Related Factors ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Past ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious health concern as it can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatoma. We investigated past trends in the prevalence of NAFLD and related factors among Korean men and women from 1998 to 2017 and predicted their future prevalence among Korean men. We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I–VII (KNHANES). NAFLD was defined as a hepatic steatosis index of >36. Subjects with viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, cancer, pregnancy, and a habit of drinking ≥30 g alcohol per occasion were excluded. We evaluated the prevalence trends of NAFLD, obesity, abdominal obesity, high fat intake, and low physical activity in each KNHANES wave. For future prevalence predictions, average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) were estimated from the joinpoint model. In men, NAFLD prevalence has increased by approximately 11 percentage points in the past 19 years, reaching 30.7% in wave VII. Prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, high fat intake, and low physical activity also increased. The AAPC of NAFLD prevalence was 2.3% per year, and the estimated NAFLD prevalence in 2030 and 2035 was 39.1% and 43.8%, respectively. The forecasted prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, and high fat intake among Korean men in 2035 was 65.0%, 52.2%, and 23.5%, respectively. The estimated future prevalence of NAFLD and related factors was considerably high in the younger age group (19–45 year). In women, NAFLD prevalence has increased by approximately three percentage points in the past 19 years; however, this increase was not significant in the multivariate analysis. Public strategies to manage obesity, abdominal obesity, and unhealthy lifestyles are needed to prevent NAFLD.

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Milk-Fat Intake and Differences in Abdominal Adiposity and BMI: Evidence Based on 13,544 Randomly-Selected Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061832 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1832

Author(s):

Klarissa R. Wilkinson ◽

Larry A. Tucker ◽

Lance E. Davidson ◽

Bruce W. Bailey

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Abdominal Adiposity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ◽

Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽

Nationally Representative

The primary purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between milk-fat intake and obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, in 13,544 U.S. adults. A lesser objective was to measure the degree to which the association was influenced by multiple potential confounding variables. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Quantity of milk-fat regularly consumed was the exposure variable. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), a measure of abdominal obesity, and body mass index (BMI) were the outcome variables. Sagittal abdominal diameter is a strong predictor of visceral abdominal fat, when measured by computed tomography, and has been shown to predict cardiometabolic disorders better than BMI. After controlling for age, race, gender, physical activity, leisure computer use and gaming, alcohol habits, and cigarette use, significantly lower BMIs were associated with consistent non-fat and full-fat milk consumption (F = 4.1, p = 0.0063). A significantly lower SAD was associated only with regular consumption of non-fat milk (F = 5.0, p = 0.0019). No significant differences were detected between the other milk-fat groups or milk abstainers. In this nationally representative sample, only 19.6% of adults regularly consumed low-fat milk. In conclusion, consistent non-fat milk intake was predictive of lower levels of abdominal adiposity compared to consumption of higher levels of milk-fat.

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Effects of sleep disruption and high fat intake on glucose metabolism in mice

Psychoneuroendocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 47-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jacqueline M. Ho ◽

R. Paulien Barf ◽

Mark R. Opp

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Sleep Disruption ◽

Fat Intake ◽

High Fat

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High-Fat Foods and FODMAPs Containing Gluten Foods Primarily Contribute to Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Korean Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1308

Author(s):

Woori Na ◽

Yeji Lee ◽

Hyeji Kim ◽

Yong Sung Kim ◽

Cheongmin Sohn

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Control ◽

Fat Intake ◽

High Fat ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Korean Adults ◽

Rome Iii ◽

Irritable Bowel

Dietary control plays an important role in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, few studies have examined the relationship between dietary intake and symptoms of IBS in Koreans. The current cross-sectional study aimed to examine the diet in food consumption and nutrient intake in Korean adults aged 20 to 40 with IBS. The data collected were completed by 857 subjects using a community-based web survey. The questionnaire covered functional bowel disorders based on Rome III, the semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and the food items causing symptoms. In total, 186 of 857 subjects (21.7%) were diagnosed with IBS. The non-IBS group had a fat intake of 76.9 ± 47.9 g/day, while the IBS group had a fat intake of 86.6 ± 55.1 g/day (p = 0.014). The non-IBS group had a total fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol (FODMAP) intake of 12.6 ± 9.7 g/day, whereas the IBS group had a total FODMAP intake of 13.9 ± 9.9 g/day (p = 0.030). Foods that contributed to the onset of symptoms in the IBS group were instant noodles (70.8%), Chinese noodles with vegetables and seafood (68.7%), pizza (67.2%), and black bean sauce noodles (66.3%) which are mostly classified as high fat and high gluten foods. The dietary intake of IBS patients differs from that of non-IBS subjects. Increased intake of gluten-containing or high-fat foods due to the westernized diet caused more IBS symptoms than high FODMAPs and dairy products in Korean adults in their 20 s to 40 s.

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Hubungan kadar hematokrit dengan tekanan darah pada pria dewasa muda obesitas sentral

e-CliniC ◽

10.35790/ecl.4.2.2016.14455 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nadiah D. Puspitarinie ◽

Frans E. Wantania ◽

Linda W.A. Rotty

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Young Adult ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Adult Males ◽

Hematocrit Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Young Adult Males ◽

North Sulawesi

Abstract: Abdominal obesity is the accumulation of body fat in the abdomen that is most prevalent in males. The prevalence of abdominal obesity in Indonesia increased from 2007 (18.8%) to 2013 (26.6%) and North Sulawesi was the second rank of abdominal obesity among other provinces. Some studies suggested that there was a relationship between hematocrit, blood viscosity, and blood pressure, however, there is no study about these three parameters in young adult males with abdominal obesity so far. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between hematocrit and systolic blood pressure (SBP) as well as diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in young adult males with abdominal obesity. This was a cross-sectional analytical study in 42 male students aged 18-40 years of Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. The Spearman correlation test showed r= 0.208 and p= 0.186 for hematocrit level and SBP; and r= 0.339 and p= 0.028 for hematocrit level and DBP. Conclusion: There was a significant positive relationship between hematocrit and diastolic blood pressure but not with systolic blood pressure in male young adults with abdominal obesity.Keywords: blood pressure, hematocrit, abdominal obesity Abstrak: Obesitas sentral adalah penumpukan lemak dalam tubuh di bagian perut, paling banyak terjadi pada pria. Prevalensi obesitas sentral di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2007 (18,8%) hingga tahun 2013 (26,6 %) dimana Sulawesi Utara merupakan provinsi kedua tertinggi dengan obesitas sentral pada tahun 2013. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kadar hematokrit, viskositas darah, dan tekanan darah namun penelitian secara khusus pada pria dewasa muda dengan obesitas sentral belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar hematokrit dengan tekanan darah sistolik (TDS) dan diastolik (TDD) pada pria dewasa muda obesitas sentral. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik korelasi dengan desain potong lintang pada 42 mahasiswa pria usia 18-40 tahun di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman mendapatkan nilai r= 0,208 dan nilai p= 0,186 pada kadar hematokrit dengan TDS. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman mendapatkan nilai r= 0,339 dan nilai p= 0,028 pada kadar hematokrit dengan TDD. Simpulan: Pada pria dewasa muda dengan obesitas sentral didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara kadar hematokrit dengan tekanan darah diastolik namun tidak dengan tekanan darah sistolik. Kata kunci: tekanan darah, hematokrit, obesitas sentral

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Prehipertensi pada Obesitas Abdominal

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v9i4.732 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

Lia Churniawati ◽

Santi Martini ◽

Catharina Umbul Wahyuni

Keyword(s):

Sex Education ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

P Value ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Compliance ◽

Outpatient Unit

AbstrakPrehipertensi banyak terjadi pada penderita obesitas abdominal. Prevalensi obesitas abdominal di Kabupaten Gresik sebesar 21,5%. Kepatuhan diet penderita prehipertensi dengan obesitas abdominal diperlukan untuk mengurangi risiko terjadinya hipertensi. Prehipertensi dan hipertensi berhubungan dengan pelbagai komplikasi pada hampir seluruh organ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan prehipertensi pada obesitas abdominal di Kabupaten Gresik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Gresik pada November 2013 - November 2014 dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang. Responden adalah pasien yang datang ke unit rawat jalan puskesmas yang diambil secara konsekutif sejumlah 74 orang. Responden berusia antara 25 - 64 tahun, mengalami obesitas abdominal, tidak hamil, tidak hipertensi, dan tidak syok. Responden diwawancarai usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok, riwayat keluarga, dan kebiasaan makan serta diperiksa tekanan darah, kadar kolesterol total, LDL, HDL, trigliserida, dan gula darah puasa. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat serta multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Prevalensi prehipertensi pada obesitas abdominal sebesar 62,2%. Jika dibandingkan menurut jenis kelamin, laki-laki banyak mengalami prehipertensi. Kadar trigliserida berhubungan secara signifikan dengan prehipertensi (PR = 4,620; 95% CI = 1,439 - 14,831; nilai p = 0,010). Intervensi untuk mencegah prehipertensi perlu dilakukan sejak dini dengan memodifikasi gaya hidup orang dengan obesitas abdominal.AbstractPrehypertension commonly happened to people suffering abdominal obesity. The abdominal obesity prevalence in Gresik District was 21.5%. Dietary compliance of patients with prehypertension and abdominal obesity was needed to decrease hypertension risk. Prehypertension and hypertension correlate with various complications in almost organs. This study aimed to analyze prehypertension determinants among abdominal obesity as conducted on November 2013 - November 2014 using cross sectional design. Respondents were patients coming to primary health care’s outpatient unit as 74 people taken consecutively. They were 25 - 64 years old, suffering abdominal obesity, not getting pregnant, non-hypertensive and not in a shock. Respondents were interviewed regarding age, sex, education, physical activities, smoking habits, family records and eating habits as blood pressure and levels of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose measured. Data analysis applied univariate, bivariate with chi square test and multivariate with multiple logistic regressions. The prehypertension prevalence among abdominal obesity was 62.2%. If compared based on sex, males have more prehypertension experience. Triglyceride levels significantly related to prehypertension (PR = 4.620; 95% CI = 1.439 - 14.831; p value = 0.010). Intervention to prevent prehypertension should be implementedsince early by modifying lifestyle of people suffering abdominal obesity.

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Peranan kadar nitrit oksida (NO) darah dan asupan lemak pada pasien hipertensi dan tidak hipertensi

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.18847 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Pudji Astutik ◽

Bambang Wirjatmadi ◽

Merryana Adriani

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

District Hospital ◽

T Test ◽

Fat Intake ◽

High Fat ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fat Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Background: Hypertension is closely related to impaired endothelial dependent vasodilation due to decreasing availability of blood nitric oxide (NO) and high fat intake.Objective: To analyze blood NO and fat intake differences in patients with hypertension andnon hypertension.Method: The study was a cross-sectional design and sampling was carried out in Sidoarjo District Hospital. Subjects of the study were 24 patients aged between 40 to 65 years, which consist of 12 cases and 12 controls. Measurement of blood NO and recall of fat intake were performed.Results: Blood NO in hypertension andnon hypertension patients were 72.333 ± 40.511µM and 116.083 ± 46.962 µM respectively. Fat consumption in hypertension andnon hypertension were 51.52 ± 5.99 g and 41.65 ± 8.32 g respectively. Two independent samples t-test showed meaningful differences in the levels of blood NO (p=0.023) as well as fat intake (p=0.004) between the hypertension andnon hypertension patients.Conclusion: There is a difference in the levels of blood NO and fat intake in patients with hypertension andnon hypertension.

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Intake of Watermelon or Its Byproducts Alters Glucose Metabolism, the Microbiome, and Hepatic Proinflammatory Metabolites in High-Fat–Fed Male C57BL/6 J Mice

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxz267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 150 (3) ◽

pp. 434-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandra R Becraft ◽

Marlena L Sturm ◽

Rufa L Mendez ◽

Si Hong Park ◽

Sang In Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Individual Species ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Metabolic Complications ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Body Weights

ABSTRACT Background Watermelon intake has demonstrated effects on blood pressure regulation along with other health benefits. Objective We hypothesized that intake of whole watermelon and products made from watermelon rind (WR) and watermelon skin (WS) would remediate metabolic complications in C57BL/6 J male mice fed a diet modeling a Western-style diet. Methods Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were provided either a low-fat (LF) diet [10% fat (by energy), 8% sucrose (by energy) and no added cholesterol], a high-fat (HF) diet [45% fat (by energy), 20% kcal sucrose (by energy), and 1% (w/w) cholesterol], or an HF diet plus WS, WR, or watermelon flesh (WF) for 10 wk. Dried WF was provided at 8% of total energy (equivalent to 2 servings/d) and watermelon skin and rind were added at 2.25% (w/w, dry weight of additives) of diet. Animals were provided experimental diets ad libitum. Body weights, food intake, and glucose tolerance were determined. Serum insulin, inflammatory markers, microbiome, and the relative hepatic concentrations of 709 biochemicals were measured postmortem. Results The final body weight of the LF control group was significantly lower than that of the HF-fed control group (32.8 ± 0.9 g compared with 43.0 ± 1.7 g, P ≤ 0.05). Mice in treatment groups fed HF supplemented with watermelon products had final body weights similar to those of the HF-fed control mice. Serum insulin concentrations were reduced by ∼40% in mice fed an HF diet with WR supplementation compared with mice fed an HF diet alone (P ≤ 0.05). Depending on the individual species or group, microbiome populations changed significantly. Supplementation with WF resulted in a return to the basal hepatic concentrations of monohydroxy fatty acids and eicosanoids observed in LF-fed mice (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions In obese male mice, supplementation with each of the watermelon products to an HF diet improved fasting blood glucose, circulating serum insulin concentrations, and changes in hepatic metabolite accumulation. At a modest level of supplementation to an HF diet, fiber-rich additives made from WR and WS further improved glucose metabolism and energy efficiency and shifted the microbiome composition.

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