scholarly journals Scientific-Methodological Approach to the Epidemiological Analysis and Laboratory Diagnostics of the Diseases Caused by Marburg and Ebola Viruses

2012 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
A. M. Titenko ◽  
E. I. Andaev
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Diagnostic Investigations

Analysis of the current epidemiological situation has revealed that epidemic manifestations of infectious diseases, caused by Marburg and Ebola viruses, have been undergoing significant changes over the recent years. Globalization of epidemic process seems obvious due to the scale of the outbreaks, extension of nosoarea, increase in the morbidity rate, short-cut of the intervals between epidemic outbreaks, and increase of the probability of infection export outside the foci of endemic territories. Normative documents regulating the process of diagnostic investigations aimed at detection of Marburg/ Ebola virus agents are missing. In this connection, put forward is the scientific-methodological approach to epidemiological analysis and laboratory diagnostics of the diseases caused by these viruses.

scholarly journals Experience of the implication of differential diagnosis in epidemiological diagnostics of infectious diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

In the work based both on epidemiological research and analysis of literature data, there are discussed methodological approaches to the assessment of riskfactors that could potentially influence on the development of the epidemic process. There are analyzed modern methods permitting to select the impact of main factors on the development of the epidemic process and the shaping of the certain epidemiological situation. There is emphasized the epidemiological importance of differential diagnosis in the implementation of such research.

scholarly journals About assessment of the methodology of the epidemiological situation

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L Kolpakov ◽  
A. A Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Objective: the study of methods for the assessment of the prevalence and development of methodology for evaluation of the epidemiological situation in the RF subjects during the calendar year. The condition of an objective evaluation is the use of external criteria. Therefore, the assessment of one or another administrative territory is performing accordingly to the distribution of morbidity rate in separate subjects of the Russian Federation. As a criterion there is proposed to use the average prevalence of the subject of the Russian Federation - the median and its confidence limits with 95% significance. As a tool for grading of the scale there are considered as the total confidence interval, as possibilities of transition to centile method. There were elaborated methodical principles of the evaluation of the epidemiological situation. The base is the position that the objective, in territorial aspect may be the estimation only of the role of the stable factors. At the first stage the epidemiological situation should be to assessed on the theoretical prevalence of the year under consideration or on the forecast. Later, after the performing of the retrospective epidemiological analysis of morbidity in the subject and establishing the role of the determinants of the epidemic process in the index of considered year (internal control) it is possible to make adjustment and newly re-assess the epidemiological situation.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Risks: Importance when Zoning Administrative Territories and Activating the Epidemic Process during Infectious Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
E. G. Yanovich ◽  
E. A. Moskvitina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Risk Areas

Along with the theoretical concepts and definitions of risk adopted in the epidemiological analysis of infectious diseases, the identification of «risk areas» is of great importance.The aim is to show the role of risk factors when determining the «risk areas» and in the genesis of complications of the epidemiological situation. Taking into account the multifactorial nature of the epidemic process under infectious diseases, we describe the risks used in zoning of natural focal particularly dangerous (plague, tularemia, anthrax, Ebola virus disease, Yellow fever); arbovirus (Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, West Nile Fever and anthroponotic (cholera and other acute enteric infection (AEI) of norovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus etiology) infections. The importance of risk factors and conditions for their implementation in AEI with water pathogen distribution (unsatisfactory state of water supply and water use, population migration, etc.) and emergencies, in which certain risk factors can contribute to the complication of the epidemic situation, is shown.Conclusion. The use of risk factors in zoning of administrative territories is aimed at improving epidemiological surveillance. It is possible that potential risk factors can transfer to real, what results in activation of the epidemic process.

Treatment of ebola and other infectious diseases: melatonin “goes viral”

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Ramaswamy Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Potential Treatment

This review summarizes published reports on the utility of melatonin as a treatment for virus-mediated diseases. Of special note are the data related to the role of melatonin in influencing Ebola virus disease. This infection and deadly condition has no effective treatment and the published works documenting the ability of melatonin to attenuate the severity of viral infections generally and Ebola infection specifically are considered. The capacity of melatonin to prevent one of the major complications of an Ebola infection, i.e., the hemorrhagic shock syndrome, which often contributes to the high mortality rate, is noteworthy. Considering the high safety profile of melatonin, the fact that it is easily produced, inexpensive and can be self-administered makes it an attractive potential treatment for Ebola virus pathology.  

REORGANIZATION OF A MULTI-SPECIALTY HOSPITAL IN AN UNFAVORABLE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Nikitin A.E. ◽  
Znamenskiy I.А ◽  
Shikhova Yu.A. ◽  
Kuzmina I.V. ◽  
Melchenko D.S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Institu Tions ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

This study provides a retrospective analysis of work to ensure high quality of medical care in an unfavorable epidemic situation. The consequence of COVID-19 was the implementation of a program to prevent the spread of infection, the re-profiling of medical institu-tions, and the introduction of restrictive and anti-epidemic measures. The experience of our work has shown the effectiveness of changing the order of med-ical care, the organization of the functioning of de-partments and patient routing. The study reflects the measures implemented in the hospital departments, the Department of clinical and laboratory diagnostics, radiation diagnostics and pathology Department. To ensure the safety of patients, it was decided to place patients on a single bed according to the type of infec-tious boxes. The safety of employees was ensured by the use of personal protective equipment, minimiza-tion of contact time with patients, and preventive weekly examination of staff for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The organized and well-coordinated work of the en-tire staff of the institution made it possible to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among employees, to detect cases of infection in a timely manner, and to carry out appropriate isolation and monitoring measures. At the time of completion of infectious diseases departments, the mortality rate among patients was less than 9%. Our experience in reorganizing a multi-specialty facil-ity can be used in the future when working with pa-tients who have undergone COVID-19, as well as in the context of a worsening epidemic situation.

The incidence of central serous chorioretinopathy in the population of Kazan: Results of a retrospective epidemiological analysis for 2009–2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
D. R. Аgliullin ◽  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
E. A. Abdulaeva ◽  
S. T. Agliullina ◽  
A. N. Amirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Significant Upward Trend ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To assess the incidence of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) through the example of a large industrial Russian city.Methods: A retrospective analysis of CSC of Kazan population for 2009–2018 has been done.Results: From 2019 to 2018, 831 new cases of CSC were registered in Kazan. A statistically significant upward trend with growth rate 105.2% and accession rate 5.2% was typical for the annual track record. The mean age of patients was 50 years, the minimum age was 14 years, the maximum age was 87 years. A statistically significant upward trend was detected in track record of incidence in groups of 30–39-year-old and 40–49-year-old. Seasonal increase of the incidence was recorded in February, March, April, October, and November.Conclusions: The upward trend and seasonal prevalence are typical for longterm morbidity of CSC in Kazan. The highest morbidity rate of CSC and statistically significant upward trend of its incidence in track record were recorded in the age of 30–39. 

Spatial-temporal transmission dynamics and control of infectious diseases: Ebola virus disease (EVD) as a case study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Viboud ◽  
Hélène Broutin ◽  
Gerardo Chowell
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Dynamics And Control

Disentangling the spatial-temporal dynamics of infectious disease transmission is important to address issues of disease persistence, epidemic growth and optimal control. In this chapter, we review key concepts relating to the spatial-temporal dynamics of infectious diseases in meta-populations, whereby geographically separate subpopulations are connected by migration or mobility rates. We review the dynamics of colonization, persistence and extinction of emerging and recurrent pathogens in meta-populations; the role of demographic and environmental factors; and geographic heterogeneity in epidemic growth rate. We illustrate theoretical concepts by reviewing the spatial dynamics of childhood diseases and other acute infections in low- and middle-income countries, and provide a detailed description of the spatial-temporal dynamics of the 2014–16 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. We further discuss how increased availability of empirical data and recent methodological developments provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of transmission processes in space and time, and make recommendations for future work.

Unscattering the burden of disease landscape: supporting interaction between existing burden of disease efforts

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Haagsma ◽  
M Majdan ◽  
S M Pires ◽  
R Assunção
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disease Network ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cost Action ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The burden of disease landscape in Europe is currently scattered with experts from diverse professional backgrounds, ranging from experts in infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, injuries and risk factors, to experts in more comprehensive national, regional and global burden of disease studies. Currently there is little interaction between these experts and existing burden of disease efforts. The European burden of disease network (burden-eu) COST Action aims to bring together expertise across different domains and professional backgrounds. During the course of the burden-eu COST Action, several steps will be taken to facilitate interaction between existing burden of disease efforts. First, a survey has been sent around to all members of the EU burden of disease network to map burden of disease studies that have been carried out in their country. Apart from general details about the year of the study and cause of disease categories, items of the survey included data sources, methodological approach and collaborations with institutes of other countries. In the first month, the survey has been completed for over 70 studies that have been carried out in twelve countries. Second, comparison of existing burden of disease initiatives allows for the identification of the various domains for which burden of disease has been assessed, highlight methodological differences as well as similarities, and facilitate improvements and harmonization of methods and approaches. Furthermore, the data collected from the survey will be included in a continuously updated burden of disease database that lists all past and current burden of disease activities. Lastly, burden-eu will facilitate regular meetings and workshops. Each of these steps will make it possible to move beyond the currently scattered burden of disease landscape and increase interaction between professionals and burden of disease efforts.

scholarly journals The epidemiological situation as a factor determining the strategy for reducing mortality in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Boytsov ◽  
S A Shalnova ◽  
A D Deev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Chronic non - communicable diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases, are the leading cause of death worldwide, including in the Russian Federation (RF). The article analyzes the negative and positive trends of the most relevant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases for the period from 2013 to 2017, and also provides a strategy for reducing mortality in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024 based on data from an epidemiological analysis.

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