scholarly journals Karakterisasi Beberapa Sifat Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Plasma Nutfah Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Nani Zuraida
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Stalk Length

<p>Utilization of cassava plant genetics resources<br />could be done when the agronomical and morphological<br />characters are available. Qualitative and quantitative of plant<br />characters have been studied during April-December 2006 at<br />Cikeumeuh Experimental Station, Bogor. A total of 225<br />accessions cassava germplasm were planted in 2 m x 3 m plot<br />size with 100 cm x 60 cm plant spacing. The plants were<br />fertilized by 60 kg N, 20 kg P2O5, and 90 kg K2O per ha. One<br />third N and K fertilizers, and all of P were applied at planting<br />time, while two third N and K were applied at 3 months after<br />planting. The result showed that coefficient variation of<br />qualitative and quantitative characters data of cassava<br />accessions collected showed high variation. Therefore the<br />accessions are going to be maintained and conserved for<br />genetic resources. The plant height, number of tuber, green<br />matter weight, and harvest index were positive correlation with<br />tuber weight. While stem diameter and character of leaf lobe<br />did not correlate with tuber weight. Among qualitative<br />characters (the colors of young leaf, leaf vein, leaf stalk length,<br />leaf lobe, stem, tuber, and number of leaf lobe) did not show<br />difference on tuber weight.</p>

scholarly journals Morphological And Ecogeographic Study Of The Diversity Of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) In Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro - Monteros-Altamirano ◽  
César - Tapia ◽  
Nelly - Paredes ◽  
Victor Alulema ◽  
Marcelo Tacán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Edaphic Conditions

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a crop of nutritional and economic importance worldwide, cultivated in more than 100 tropical and subtropical countries including Ecuador, traditionally cultivated in its three continental regions: the Amazon, the Coast and in the valleys of the Sierra. The purpose of this study was to characterize 195 accessions from INIAP's Ecuadorian cassava collection through 1) morphological characterization with qualitative and quantitative descriptors; and 2) ecogeographic characterization to know the climatic, geophysical and edaphic conditions in which cassava grows and which environments are frequent or marginal for its cultivation. For the morphological characterization, 27 morphological descriptors were used (18 qualitative and nine quantitative), and for the ecogeographic characterization, 55 variables (41 climatic, two geophysical and 12 edaphic). As a result, four morphological groups and three ecogeographic groups were identified. In the research, morphological variability was evidenced, mainly in descriptors related to the leaf, stems and inflorescences. In addition, it was possible to identify accessions that can adapt to extreme conditions of drought and poor soils, which could be used for improvement.

scholarly journals Starch and flour extraction and nutrient composition of tuber in seven cassava accessions

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
MSA Fakir ◽  
M Jannat ◽  
MG Mostafa ◽  
H Seal
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Cassava Plant

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots (tubers) are used as staple food. Starch extracted from tubers is widely utilized as raw materials in industries. Dry matter (DM) content, starch and flour extraction and proximate composition were investigated in seven cassava accessions (Coc-A1, Kh-A2, Cow-A3, Sa-A4, Me-A5, Va-A6 and Sy-A8.) in 2010- 2011. Leaf DM varied from 20.51% in Me-A5 to 29.01% in Sy-A8; that of stem from 27.24% in Va-A6 to 32.10% (average of Sy-A8, Me-A5 and Sa-A4); and that of tuber from 37.30% in Kh-A2 to 45.26% in Sy-A8. Starch was extracted by blending chopped tuber followed by decantation. Tubers were sliced, sun dried and milled into flour. Tuber starch content (fresh wt. basis) varied between 15.04% in Sy-A8 and 24.97% (average of Coc-A1 and Me-A5); that of peel from 4.54% in Va-A6 to 5.85% in Coc-A1. Crude protein varied from 1.80% (average of Kh-A2, Cow-A3 and Sy-A8) to 4.53% in Va-A6. Crude fiber content varied from 1.95% (average of Sa-A4 and Coc-A1) to 4.27% in Cow-A3. Cyanogens present in cassava plant escape as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) during harvesting and processing. Variation for HCN existed and it was 140.95 mg/kg fresh tuber (average of Sy-A8 and Coc-A1) to 546.0 mg/kg fresh tuber in Va-A6. There was no detectable HCN in the extracted flour and starch. It may be concluded that genetic variation for DM, starch, protein and HCN existed in seven cassava accessions, and Coc-A1 may be a better one due to its lower HCN, higher DM and starch content. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i2.14698 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(2): 217-222, 2012

scholarly journals Fermentation and nutritive value of silage and hay made from the aerial part of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Zambello de Pinho ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Mario De Beni Arrigoni ◽  
Antonio Carlos Silveira ◽  
Carlos Roberto Padovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), although native to Brazil, is still underutilized, especially when it comes to using its aerial part. In order to study the potential of the cassava plant for use as animal feed, the present work evaluated the characteristics of the aerial part of cassava when submitted to the processes of ensiling and haymaking. Treatments consisted of: aerial part of the plant ensiled without wilting (PAS); aerial part ensiled after wilting (PAE), and aerial part made into hay (PAF). Chemical analyses were run in order to evaluate the traits that determine the nutritional value of silage and hay. Wilting increased dry matter concentration from 25% to 27.7%, without changing the concentration of soluble carbohydrates (33.3 and 35.5% in the PAS and PAE, respectively), as well as buffer capacity (204 mmol kg-1 DM in PAS and 195 mmol kg-1 DM in PAE). Neither pH (3.57 in fresh silage and 3.60 in PAE) nor the ADIN concentration (11.32% of total nitrogen in PAS and 9.99% of total nitrogen in PAE) differed between the silages, but ADIN concentration was higher in hay (15.39%). Wilting caused an increase in the concentration of ammonia (from 6.5% of total nitrogen in PAS to 13.0 of total nitrogen in PAE). The levels of volatile fatty acids did not change with wilting. The ensiling process reduced the concentrations of free hydrocyanide (HCN), without, however, affecting cyanohydrin.

scholarly journals Proximate Composition of Different Parts of White Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Plant as a Ruminant Feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Binti Idris ◽  
Rosnah Shamsudin ◽  
Mohd Zuhair Mohd Nor ◽  
Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar ◽  
Siti Salwa Abd Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third-largest carbohydrate food source in the tropical region after rice and corn. Its flesh is used to produce foods, while the other parts of the plant are not fully exploited. This research aimed to evaluatetheproximate composition of the cassava plant (Rayong 90 variety). Six different parts namely leaf, petiole, young stem, tuber, cortex and periderm of white variety cassava plants were dried and powdered to determine their proximate composition (protein, carbohydrate, fat, crude fiber, ash, moisture). The results show that the leaf is the most nutritional compared to other parts. Leaf had 43.80% carbohydrate, 23.87% protein, 13.66% crude fiber, 6.53% ash, 6.00 % crude fat and 5.00% moisture content. The crude protein for other parts were very low, ranging from 2.54% to 10.20%. The white cassava variety plant was very high in carbohydrates, ranging from 30.48% to 86.77% of dry matter. The mean percentage of crude fat found within the range from 0% to 6.00%. From the results, it can be concluded that a leaf of white cassava variety can be used to develop a potential high carbohydrate and protein ruminant feed because it has appreciable levels of the nutrient.

scholarly journals Physicochemical composition of different parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plant

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
S. Idris ◽  
Rosnah Shamsudin ◽  
M.Z.M. Nor ◽  
M.N. Mokhtar ◽  
S.S. Abdul Gani
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Parts

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main sources of carbohydrate and it is a useful plant in Malaysia. Its root is used to produce various foods such as cassava chips, while the other parts are potentially to produce feeds and other useful products. However, details observation in the proximate composition of each part of the cassava plant is important in utilizing it as an animal feed, especially for the ruminants. Hence, this research was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition of each part in the cassava plant and characterized its functional groups using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the thermal properties using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results obtained showed that the portions of fresh cassava plants namely flesh, stem, peel, discarded tuber and the leaf were recorded at 50.06%, 31.01%, 10.63%, 6.92% and 1.49% (w/w), respectively. Proximate analysis showed that the leaf has potential as animal feed as it contains significant high in crude protein (28.02±0.10%), crude fat (5.63± 0.12%) and the gross energy value of 4824.3 g/cal. Even though the leaf has a higher cyanide content (0.02 mg/kg) than other parts, it is still in acceptable range as an ingredient in animal feed. For animal feed that focuses on high protein and gross energy, the leaf has potential in feed ingredients. Meanwhile, cassava flesh also has potential as an animal feed since it has low crude fiber (2.11±0.03%) but high in carbohydrate (92.66±1.88%) and gross energy content (4223.9 cal/g). FTIR spectra showed that there were different functional groups present in the samples. From the TGA data, it showed that the major components in samples were cellulose which started to decompose rapidly at maximum degradation rate temperature of 315-400°C, especially for flesh and discarded tuber. Different parts of cassava plants are expected to help the agriculture industry in producing alternative animal feed at the same time minimizing the impact of waste generated in the environment.

scholarly journals A model of dry matter distribution in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz).

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.W.J. Boerboom
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Tuber Production

Results of an experiment in Trinidad were analysed and data obtained from literature were recalculated to determine which factors control the DM distribution in the cassava plant. Under given conditions for long periods, possibly for the storage life of cassava, the distribution of DM over tubers and shoot proved to be constant. Based on this finding, a model was developed and 2 parameters were introduced: ESRP, efficiency of the plant at producing tubers; ISS, initial plant wt. at which tuber production starts. The model was used to visualize genetic differences and the effect of environmental conditions on DM distribution. The relation between harvest index and ESRP was discussed. It is recommended that ESRP is used instead of harvest index as a selection trait. Selection material on ESRP can be screened rather early in the growth cycle as tuber wt. is linearly related to plant wt. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals DIRECT BIOLEACHING OF ZINC USING manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) EXTRACT WITHOUT ADDITIVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 645-657
Author(s):  
Olawale O. Ajibola ◽  
Abdullahi O. Adebayo ◽  
Sunday G. Borisade ◽  
A. E. Adegbenro ◽  
D. T. Oloruntoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Zinc Sulphide ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Sulphide Ore ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Extraction Processes

The advent and development of new technologies that will provide better yields, cleaner and a safer environment is a global challenge for the researchers. Traditional solvents used in extraction of minerals are at many times hazardous thereby constituting threats to the ecology. The work reports the direct bioleaching of zinc sourced from Abakaliki-Ishiagwu complex zinc sulphide ore deposit. The sphalerite ore is predominant in Zn with other associated metals Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sb, As, Cd, Au, V, Co, Ag, K, Al and Ca. It covers the pre extraction processes of mineral comminution (crushing and grinding); separation by froth flotation; and roasting. Agro-cyanide was extracted from cassava plant (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves and was used as leachant without any additive.  The result of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analysis of the leached liquor (pregnant solution) shows that lead, copper and iron in addition to Zinc, were obtained from the leached ore roast at 149.25 ppm (Zn), 79.25 ppm (Pb), 0.25 ppm (Cu) and 4.25 ppm (Fe) extraction after 21 days. Elongated contact of ZnO ore is not encouraging for Zn extraction as there is a decline in the quantity of Zn, Fe and Cu as the leaching time (days) increases. The mechanism of the Leach next faction is yet to be fully ascertained, hence the need for further work in the area.

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