scholarly journals Physicochemical composition of different parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plant

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
S. Idris ◽  
Rosnah Shamsudin ◽  
M.Z.M. Nor ◽  
M.N. Mokhtar ◽  
S.S. Abdul Gani
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Parts

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main sources of carbohydrate and it is a useful plant in Malaysia. Its root is used to produce various foods such as cassava chips, while the other parts are potentially to produce feeds and other useful products. However, details observation in the proximate composition of each part of the cassava plant is important in utilizing it as an animal feed, especially for the ruminants. Hence, this research was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition of each part in the cassava plant and characterized its functional groups using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the thermal properties using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results obtained showed that the portions of fresh cassava plants namely flesh, stem, peel, discarded tuber and the leaf were recorded at 50.06%, 31.01%, 10.63%, 6.92% and 1.49% (w/w), respectively. Proximate analysis showed that the leaf has potential as animal feed as it contains significant high in crude protein (28.02±0.10%), crude fat (5.63± 0.12%) and the gross energy value of 4824.3 g/cal. Even though the leaf has a higher cyanide content (0.02 mg/kg) than other parts, it is still in acceptable range as an ingredient in animal feed. For animal feed that focuses on high protein and gross energy, the leaf has potential in feed ingredients. Meanwhile, cassava flesh also has potential as an animal feed since it has low crude fiber (2.11±0.03%) but high in carbohydrate (92.66±1.88%) and gross energy content (4223.9 cal/g). FTIR spectra showed that there were different functional groups present in the samples. From the TGA data, it showed that the major components in samples were cellulose which started to decompose rapidly at maximum degradation rate temperature of 315-400°C, especially for flesh and discarded tuber. Different parts of cassava plants are expected to help the agriculture industry in producing alternative animal feed at the same time minimizing the impact of waste generated in the environment.

scholarly journals Proximate Composition of Different Parts of White Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Plant as a Ruminant Feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Binti Idris ◽  
Rosnah Shamsudin ◽  
Mohd Zuhair Mohd Nor ◽  
Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar ◽  
Siti Salwa Abd Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third-largest carbohydrate food source in the tropical region after rice and corn. Its flesh is used to produce foods, while the other parts of the plant are not fully exploited. This research aimed to evaluatetheproximate composition of the cassava plant (Rayong 90 variety). Six different parts namely leaf, petiole, young stem, tuber, cortex and periderm of white variety cassava plants were dried and powdered to determine their proximate composition (protein, carbohydrate, fat, crude fiber, ash, moisture). The results show that the leaf is the most nutritional compared to other parts. Leaf had 43.80% carbohydrate, 23.87% protein, 13.66% crude fiber, 6.53% ash, 6.00 % crude fat and 5.00% moisture content. The crude protein for other parts were very low, ranging from 2.54% to 10.20%. The white cassava variety plant was very high in carbohydrates, ranging from 30.48% to 86.77% of dry matter. The mean percentage of crude fat found within the range from 0% to 6.00%. From the results, it can be concluded that a leaf of white cassava variety can be used to develop a potential high carbohydrate and protein ruminant feed because it has appreciable levels of the nutrient.

scholarly journals Fermentation and nutritive value of silage and hay made from the aerial part of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Zambello de Pinho ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Mario De Beni Arrigoni ◽  
Antonio Carlos Silveira ◽  
Carlos Roberto Padovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), although native to Brazil, is still underutilized, especially when it comes to using its aerial part. In order to study the potential of the cassava plant for use as animal feed, the present work evaluated the characteristics of the aerial part of cassava when submitted to the processes of ensiling and haymaking. Treatments consisted of: aerial part of the plant ensiled without wilting (PAS); aerial part ensiled after wilting (PAE), and aerial part made into hay (PAF). Chemical analyses were run in order to evaluate the traits that determine the nutritional value of silage and hay. Wilting increased dry matter concentration from 25% to 27.7%, without changing the concentration of soluble carbohydrates (33.3 and 35.5% in the PAS and PAE, respectively), as well as buffer capacity (204 mmol kg-1 DM in PAS and 195 mmol kg-1 DM in PAE). Neither pH (3.57 in fresh silage and 3.60 in PAE) nor the ADIN concentration (11.32% of total nitrogen in PAS and 9.99% of total nitrogen in PAE) differed between the silages, but ADIN concentration was higher in hay (15.39%). Wilting caused an increase in the concentration of ammonia (from 6.5% of total nitrogen in PAS to 13.0 of total nitrogen in PAE). The levels of volatile fatty acids did not change with wilting. The ensiling process reduced the concentrations of free hydrocyanide (HCN), without, however, affecting cyanohydrin.

scholarly journals Starch and flour extraction and nutrient composition of tuber in seven cassava accessions

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
MSA Fakir ◽  
M Jannat ◽  
MG Mostafa ◽  
H Seal
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Cassava Plant

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots (tubers) are used as staple food. Starch extracted from tubers is widely utilized as raw materials in industries. Dry matter (DM) content, starch and flour extraction and proximate composition were investigated in seven cassava accessions (Coc-A1, Kh-A2, Cow-A3, Sa-A4, Me-A5, Va-A6 and Sy-A8.) in 2010- 2011. Leaf DM varied from 20.51% in Me-A5 to 29.01% in Sy-A8; that of stem from 27.24% in Va-A6 to 32.10% (average of Sy-A8, Me-A5 and Sa-A4); and that of tuber from 37.30% in Kh-A2 to 45.26% in Sy-A8. Starch was extracted by blending chopped tuber followed by decantation. Tubers were sliced, sun dried and milled into flour. Tuber starch content (fresh wt. basis) varied between 15.04% in Sy-A8 and 24.97% (average of Coc-A1 and Me-A5); that of peel from 4.54% in Va-A6 to 5.85% in Coc-A1. Crude protein varied from 1.80% (average of Kh-A2, Cow-A3 and Sy-A8) to 4.53% in Va-A6. Crude fiber content varied from 1.95% (average of Sa-A4 and Coc-A1) to 4.27% in Cow-A3. Cyanogens present in cassava plant escape as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) during harvesting and processing. Variation for HCN existed and it was 140.95 mg/kg fresh tuber (average of Sy-A8 and Coc-A1) to 546.0 mg/kg fresh tuber in Va-A6. There was no detectable HCN in the extracted flour and starch. It may be concluded that genetic variation for DM, starch, protein and HCN existed in seven cassava accessions, and Coc-A1 may be a better one due to its lower HCN, higher DM and starch content. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i2.14698 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(2): 217-222, 2012

scholarly journals Proximate composition of commercially important fish species in southern Gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirut Geremew ◽  
Melesse Abdisa ◽  
Goraw Goshu
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Genital Papilla ◽  
Lake Tana ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Gross Energy

The aim of the study was to determine the proximate composition of each sex of Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus and Labeobarbus intermedius fish species from the southern Gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. The fish samples were collected during the dry season of 2014 from the three fish landing sites, i.e., Bata, Micheal and Giorgis, where local fishermen sell their catches. Species were identified via morphological examination and color. Sexes were identified by observing genital papilla and gonads after dissection. After measuring weight and length of young fish species, fish weighing 201-310 g were selected for the study. A total of 72 fish, eight and four fish per species and sexes were selected, respectively, for each site. The sample size was determined using “resource equation" method. Only edible fillet was labeled and transferred to plastic bags according to species and sex. Then the sample was transported for proximate analysis to Addis Ababa Food Science and Nutrition laboratory using icebox at about 4 °C. Fish sample composites were prepared by taking the fish samples from the three fish landing sites for each sex and species. Samples were thawed at room temperature and oven-dried at 60 °C for 72 h, then ground into a fine powder. Proximate composition was determined following the procedure of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Data analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Nutrient content significantly varied among fish species; more protein was recorded from O. niloticus and fat from L. intermedius. Also, fat, ash and gross energy content were different between sexes; female fish contained significantly more fat and gross energy than males. In conclusion, consumers are advised to consume these species to obtain required nutrients.

scholarly journals Proximate composition of Malaysian local sweet potatoes

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
N.A. Zulkifli ◽  
M.Z.M. Nor ◽  
F.N. Omar ◽  
A. Sulaiman ◽  
M.N. Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Parts

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is one of the main crops worldwide. However, systematic properties characterization of this crop is still required, particularly on the Malaysian local sweet potatoes. Hence, this study aims to determine the proximate composition and the energy value of five common varieties of local sweet potato (Anggun 1, Anggun 2, Anggun 3, White, and VitAto) in Malaysia. For each variety, three different parts of the tuberous root which were the skin, the cortex, and the mixture of cambium and parenchyma were characterized. The findings indicated that VitAto exhibited the highest starch (16.95% – 17.17%) and crude protein (0.86% – 1.15%) contents in all parts as compared to other varieties, hence reflecting its potentials to be further processed for a mass starch production. Among all the parts, the skin contained the highest crude protein, crude fat, ash and crude fibre, which can be further utilized to produce by-products such as animal feed. The findings in this study serve as a baseline for the future starch and byproducts production from local sweet potatoes.

scholarly journals Composition of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and the Rheological Characteristics of its Starch

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Rodríguez-Sosa ◽  
O. Parsi-Ros ◽  
M. A. González
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Toxicity Level

Proximate composition of two edible commercial varieties of cassava (M. esculenta Crantz) grown in Puerto Rico, and the rheological characteristics of their starch were determined. These included variety Pana which has a light tan skin and a dark-skinned variety known as Zenón, or Yuca Negra de Maca (Black Maca cassava), in the Dominican Republic. Proximate composition was found to be about the same for both varieties. Hydrocyanic acid content was well below the toxicity level (50 to 100 mg HCN/kg of fresh-peeled tuberous root). Although pasting temperatures were the same for both varieties (63° C), viscosity values of the starch of Pana variety were somewhat higher than those of Zenón.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Iron Concentration of Five Nigerian Shrubs for their Prospective use in the Therapy of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Obika Ogochukwu Immaculate ◽  
Ochekwu Edache Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Medicinal herbs are commonly being used in the treatment of anemia traditionally and Jatropha tanjorensis Ellis & Saroja, Vernonia amygdalina Delile, Manihot esculenta Crantz, Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau, Solanum macrocarpon L. are local shrubs mostly employed. This study aims to analyze the prospective use of some local shrubs in the therapy of Iron Deficiency Anemia. The proximate composition analysis and the iron content in leaves of the shrubs were determined following the methods of the association of official analytical chemists (A.O.A.C). The results obtained for iron concentration show Jatropha tanjorensis 3.11g/kg, Vernonia amygdalina 1.64g/kg, Manihot esculenta 0.57g/kg, Megaskepasma erythrochlamys 1.23g/kg, and Solanum macrocarpon 2.75g/kg. The range of proximate composition as; protein had Megaskepasma erythrochlamys as the lowest value 3.97% and Vernonia amygdalina as the highest value 50.64%, fat & oil content showed Jatropha tanjorensis with the highest value 1.04% and Megaskepasma erythrochlamys having the lowest value 29.77%, Fiber content showed Vernonia amygdalina has the highest value 1.81% and Solanum macrocarpon has the lowest 12.08%, the carbohydrate content showed Megaskepasma erythrochlamys as the lowest value 2.39% and Manihot esculenta as the highest value 21.02%, and the moisture content showed Manihot esculenta has the lowest value 9.98% and Megaskepasma erythrochlamys has the highest value 83.25%. All five plants have great potential for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

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