VARIASI GENETIK, HERITABILITAS, DAN KORELASI GENOTIPIK SIFAT-SIFAT PENTING TANAMAN WIJEN (Sesamum indicum L.)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini merupakan pengujian terhadap genotip-genotip hasil persilangan tanaman wijen, dengan tujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai variasi genetik, heritabilitas, dan korelasi genotipik beberapa sifat penting hasil persilangan tanaman wijen. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Pasirian, Lumajang, Jawa Timur pada bulan April 2002 – Agustus 2003. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelom- pok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) sebagian besar sifat yang diamati mempunyai variasi genetik yang cukup besar, (2) nilai heritabilitas (dalam arti luas) tinggi terdapat pada sifat tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah cabang per tanaman, jumlah polong per tanaman, panjang polong, berat 1000 biji, dan hasil biji per hektar, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi pada generasi awal, dan (3) korelasi genotipik terhadap hasil biji per hektar terjadi pada sifat tinggi tanaman dan berat 1000 biji pada persilangan Sbr 1 X Si 13, sedangkan pada persilangan Sbr 1 X Si 22, dan Sbr 1 X Si 26 terjadi korelasi genotipik antara hasil biji per hektar dengan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang per tanaman. Kata kunci : Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., persilangan, genotip, variasi genetik, heritabilitas, korelasi genotipik, pertumbuhan, hasil, Jawa Timur ABSTRACT Genetic variations, heritability and genotypic correlations of important characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) The experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic variations, heritability, and genotypic correlations of important characteristics of sesame. The experiment was located at Pasirian Research Station, Lumajang, East Java from April 2002 – August 2003. Randomized block design with three replications was used in the experiment. The result of the experiment showed that: (1) generally, the genetic variations for all traits were high enough, (2) the heritability values (in broad sense) on plant height, flowering time, harvest time, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, length of pods, 1000-seed weight, and grain yield per hectare were high, indicating that the inheritance of these traits were simple inheritance and selection can be performed in early generation, and (3) in Sbr 1 X Si 13 crosses, plant height and 1000-seeed weight had genotypic correlation with grain yield per hectare, then plant height and number of branches per plant had genotypic correlation with grain yield per hectare in Sbr 1 X Si 22, and Sbr 1 X Si 26 crosses. Key words : Sesame, Sesamum indicum L., crossing, genotype, genetic variations, heritability, genotypic correlation, growth, yield, East Jav

Download Full-text

Productivity of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L.) Genotypes Across Different Agro-Ecological Regions of Oman

The Open Agriculture Journal ◽

10.2174/1874331502115010098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 98-109

Author(s):

Saif Ali AlKhamisi ◽

Saleem K. Nadaf ◽

Nadiya Mohammed Al-Jabri ◽

Khalid Said Al-Hashmi ◽

Asma Ismail Al-Shirawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Winter Season ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Research Station ◽

Ecological Regions ◽

Inflorescence Length ◽

Number Of Branches

Background: Quinoa has the great potentiality of its expansion in world agriculture owing to its resilient traits of productivity under marginal conditions across varying altitudes, soil and climatic conditions with extreme levels of abiotic factors like moisture stress, high temperature and salinity as influenced by climatic change. It offers a crop of food security in several countries that have begun the trials of evaluation since the early 1980s leading to the rapid expansion of its cultivation in other countries after the United Nation’s declaration for 2013 as “Year of Quinoa” to promote its production as a grain crop. In this view, five quinoa genotypes were evaluated for their yield, agronomic performance and adaptability at three locations across different agro-ecological regions of Oman. Methods: Five quinoa genotypes Amarilla Marangani, Amarilla Sacaca, Blanca de junin, Kancolla and Salcedo INIA, received from the Oman FAO office in 2016, were evaluated for three consecutive years from 2016/2017 to 2018/2019 during the winter season (October to March) at national agriculture research stations located at Rumais in South Batinah governorate, AlKamil in South Sharqia governorate and Sohar in North Batinah governorate. The experiments were conducted on the sites containing sandy loam soil under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving these five genotypes with four replications under a drip-irrigation system with varying levels of irrigation water salinity. The irrigation and fertilizers were applied as per national recommendations. The characters viz. chlorophyll content, plant height (cm), number of branches, inflorescence length (cm), days to maturity and grain yield (ton/ha) were recorded at appropriate times of growth of crops at all locations. Grain samples were subjected to proximate analysis. The data on yield and yield contributing characters were subjected to multi-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GenStat Statistical Package v12. Results: The results indicated that among the effects of main factors viz. genotypes, locations and years, all the effects were highly significant (p<0.01) in respect of plant height and grain yield, whereas for a number of branches, all the main effects except genotypes were highly significant (p<0.01). In respect of chlorophyll content (SPAD value), effects of genotype and years were found significant (p<0.05) and whereas for inflorescence length, effects of locations and years were highly significant (p<0.05). Genotype Amarllia Sacaca had the highest plant height (135 cm), followed by genotype Salcedo INIA (117 cm) during the winter season of 2016/2017. The highest grain yield of 5.40 t ha-1) obtained was harvested at Agriculture Research Station, Rumais where Amarllia Sacaca produced the highest (8.86 t ha-1). The protein content was highest (17.49%) in the genotype Amarllia Maranagani. Irrespective of genotypes, locations and years, the quinoa crop had acceptable performance in terms of 107.47 cm plant height, 18 number of branches, 44.47 SPDA value (chlorophyll) and 31.96 cm inflorescence length with an average yield of 3.83 t ha-1. Conclusion: Quinoa has been found to be highly adaptable to Northern agro-ecological regions (South and North Batinah Governorates) of Oman, and genotypes evaluated can be successfully introduced for general cultivation in Northern Oman.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Sesame Yield and Yield Component under Different NPS Fertilizer Rates in Western Tigray, Ethiopia

Asian Soil Research Journal ◽

10.9734/asrj/2019/v2i430059 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Teame Shimgabr ◽

Negasi Gebereslasie ◽

Haile Alene ◽

Welesenbet Haftu ◽

Nebyu Tsegay

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Yield Component ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fertilizer Rates ◽

Different Levels ◽

Number Of Branches

Field experiments were conducted in three sites of Western Tigray, Ethiopia. The experiments aimed at identifying optimum the rate of the newly introduced NPS fertilizer impact with different levels on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of sesame in vertisols of Western Tigray at the Humera station, Banat and Kebabo Kafta Humera and Tsegede Wereda’s. The treatments consisted of six levels of NPS 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1 and one blanket recommendation N and P was applied. The experiment was laid out in an RCBD with three replications. Yield of Sesame and yield related components showed significant difference (p < 0.001) compared to control. Results showed that number of branches plant-1, length of pod bearing zone (cm), plant height (cm), number of capsules plant-1, seeds capsule-1 and seed yield was significant differences at (P< 0.001) Grain yield increases from 444.8 kg ha-1 to 671.9 kg ha-1 as NPS and 444.8 kg ha-1 to 628 kg ha-1 as NP increases from 0 (control) to 100 kg ha-1 NPS and 41 kg N and 46 kg P205 ha-1 respectively. But NPS was not significant with blanket recommendation of N and P (41 kg N and 46 kg P205 ha-1), therefore no need to replace the NP by NPS fertilizer in the study area.

Download Full-text

CONTRIBUTION OF GROWTH RATE AND HARVEST INDEX TO GRAIN YIELD IN F9-DERIVED LINES OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps80-059 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 379-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K. TAKEDA ◽

K. J. FREY ◽

T. B. BAILEY

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Heading Date ◽

Genotypic Correlations ◽

Day Plot

The contributions of growth rate (GR) and harvest index (HI) to grain yield (GYD) were studied using 1200 F9-derived lines of oats tested for 2 yr. Heritability ranged from 20 to 40% for GYD, GR, and HI. Genotypic correlations of GYD with GR were ca. 0.7 and with HI ca. 0.3. More than 95% of GYD variation was due to GR and HI. An increase of 0.1 g/day/plot GR would result in a 14% increase in GYD, and a 5% increase of HI would cause an 18–19% increase in GYD. GR was positively correlated with heading date and plant height, and negatively with HI.

Download Full-text

Genetic Analysis of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] Hybrids for Yield and Yield Attributes

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4280 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep S. ◽

Sujatha K. ◽

Manikya Minnie C. ◽

Sudha Rani C.

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Test Weight ◽

Research Station ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Pod Length ◽

Number Of Seeds ◽

Number Of Branches

An experiment was carried-out with forty-eight hybrids of pigeonpea and two checks for nine characters at Agricultural Research Station, Tandur (Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the hybrids for all the nine characters studied. The results of genetic parameters revealed that, high genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic coefficients of variations (PCV) were observed for seed yield and number of pods per plant. Six characters viz., number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, test weight and seed yield exhibited high heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean which suggested that these traits were amenable for further improvement following simple selection methods. Character association revealed significant positive association of seed yield with plant height,number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and pod length. Based on divergence studies, the hybrids were grouped into nine clusters in Tocher’s method, cluster II (14 hybrids) was the largest followed by cluster I (13), cluster VI (9), cluster IV (6), cluster IX (4) and the remaining clusters were solitary (III, V, VII and VIII). Out of the nine characters studied, seed yield, days to 50% flowering, test weight and plant height contributed 85.62 per cent of the total divergence and these traits were found to be important factors for genetic differentiation in the hybrids. The overall results of the study revealed that, hybrids under cluster IV and VIII and cluster VII and VIII had maximum and minimum inter cluster distances respectively and possessing high genetic diversity for the characters viz. plant height, number of branches per plant, number of seeds per pod and yield.

Download Full-text

Effect of nitrogen and zinc on nodulation, growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v39i1.8880 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. G. Upadhyay ◽

Anita Singh

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Production Plant ◽

Plant Seeds ◽

Matter Production ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Four Levels ◽

Number Of Branches

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of zinc and nitrogen on growth, nodulation pattern and yield of cowpea. The treatments were four levels of nitrogen ( 0 , 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and four levels of zinc (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg/ha). Application of various levels of nitrogen significantly increased dry matter production/plant , plant height number of branches/ plant, effective nodules/ plant, total nodule / plant, effective nodules weight /plant, pods/plant , seeds/pod and grain yield. Similarly zinc significantly increased plant height, branches / plant, number of leaves/plant, dry matter /plant, effective nodules weight /plant and grain yield. There was no significant interaction between nitrogen and zinc on grain yield.

Download Full-text

Investigation of some morphological traits in studied lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes grown with foliar application of nanosized ferric oxide / Badania nad niektórymi cechami morfologicznymi wybranych genotypów soczewicy (Lens culinaris Medik.) hodowanych w obecności nanocząstek tlenku żelaza

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska sectio C – Biologia ◽

10.1515/umcsbio-2015-0003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Naser Sabaghnia

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Lens Culinaris ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Positive Association ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Strong Positive Association ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Number Of Branches

AbstractInterest in growing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is increasing due to its potential returns relative to other legume crops in semi-arid areas. An experiment was conducted to examine the important traits on lentil under application of nano-fertilizer by using eight genotypes with application of the biplot technique in visualizing research data. Nano-iron oxide (2 g L-1) was utilized as foliar spray during vegetative and reproductive stages. The study revealed that genotype by trait (GT) biplot can graphically display the interrelationships among traits and facilitate visual comparison of genotypes. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) accounted for 76% of the total variation. The polygon view of GT biplot suggested four sections for the lentil genotypes as well as traits. The vertex genotypes G1 had plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100-grains weight and grain yield traits. The most prominent relation were: a strong positive association among biological yield, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, grains yield and plant height as indicated by the small obtuse angles between their vectors. The traits’ relationship in the semi-arid was highly variable, and grain yield improvement can be achieved by selecting for number of pods per plant, 100-grains weight. We suggest that the GT biplot be used jointly to better understand and more fully explore interaction pattern data.

Download Full-text

Response of wheat yield and its components to zinc and iron application under different levels of nitrogen

International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences ◽

10.52804/ijaas2020.113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gheith El-Sayed ◽

◽

Ola El-Badry ◽

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Yield Component ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Research Station ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

To evaluate the effect of nitrogen, zinc and iron as soil application on yield and yield component of wheat, the present study was conducted at Agricultural and Experimental Research Station at Giza, Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Egypt during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons. The experimental design was split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that positive significant effect on plant height, number of spike/m2, spike length; number of grain per spike, grain yield per unit area in both seasons and grain protein content in one season were achieved by application of N and the micronutrients. Whoever, the highest significant in the above mentioned characters was obtained either by application the highest N levels (100kg N /fed.) or in addition to mixture of Zn and Fe. The interaction between the studied factors had significant effect on plant height and grain yield in both seasons as well as on grain protein content in the second season, where the highest values of these parameters were recorded by application of 100kg N/fed., Zn and Fe in mixture.

Download Full-text

Effects of age of seedling and nitrogen rates in the nursery bed on growth, yield and yield components of BRII dhan52 under submerged condition

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v2i2.25009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 261-269

Author(s):

Shompa Rani Debnath ◽

Md Sultan Uddin Bhuiya ◽

M Rafiqul Islam ◽

Md Mahboob Karim ◽

ABM Shafiul Alam

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Root Weight ◽

Panicle Length ◽

Nitrogen Rate ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Shoot Weight ◽

Nitrogen Rates

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to December 2013 in the aman season to investigate the effect of age of seedling and nitrogen rates in the nursery bed on growth, yield and yield components of BRRI dhan52. The experiment comprised of three ages of seedlings viz., 30, 35 and 40 day old and four nitrogen rate N1-N@50 kg ha-1, N2-N@75 kg ha-1, N3-N@100 kg ha-1, N4-N@125 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Age of seedling showed significant differences for shoot weight, survivor, no. grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield and straw yield. The highest root weight (0.072 gm-2), plant height (108 cm), total tillers hill-1 (8.22), effective tillers hill-1 (7.03), non-effective tillers hill-1 (1.19), survivor (95.1%), grains panicle-1 (106.2), grain yield (5.57 t ha-1), straw yield (6.26 t ha-1) and harvest index (0.47%) were found by transplanting 40 day old seedlings. The highest shoot weight (0.53 gm-2), 1000 grain wt. (25.3g) was found by transplanting 35 day old seedlings and 30 day old seedlings produced highest sterile spikelets (28.9) and panicle length (23.8 cm). Nitrogen rate in the nursery showed significant differences for shoot weight, root weight, survivor, plant height, total tillers hill-1, effective tillers hill-1, non-effective tillers hill-1, panicle length, grains panicle-1, grain yield and straw yield. Application of 50 kg N ha-1 gave higher plant height (108 cm) and harvest index (0.47%). On the other hand, application of 75 kg N ha-1 produced highest noneffective tillers hill-1 (1.0), grains panicle-1 (100.7), 1000 grain weight (25.3 g) and harvest index (0.47%). Application of 100 kg N ha-1 gave highest total tillers hill-1 (7.85), effective tillers hill-1 (6.85), noneffective tillers hill-1 (1.0), survivor (90.5%) and grain yield (5.01 t ha-1). Application of 125 kg N ha-1 gave highest panicle length (23.75 cm), grains panicle-1 (100.7), noneffective tillers hill-1 (1.0) and sterile spikelets (30.1). Forty day old seedlings grown with 100 kg N ha-1 at nursery found to be better in respect of grain yield. The result of the experiment also showed that aged seedlings regenerated quickly after desubmerge of water.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 261-269, August 2015

Download Full-text

Effect of Different Doses of Urea on the Yield of Boro Rice Varieties in Haor Areas of Bangladesh

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2019/v3i230061 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mahmudul Karim ◽

Md. Abul Kashem ◽

Azmul Huda ◽

Md. Abdul Aziz ◽

Bani Krishna Goswami

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Urea Fertilizer ◽

Two Factors ◽

Boro Rice

The experiment was carried out at Sunamganj district during November 2016 to May 2017 to observed the effect of urea fertilizer on the yield of boro rice varieties in haor areas of Bangladesh. Two factors experiment viz. Varieties BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan58; and six urea fertilizer levels including: 340 (F1), 320 (F2), 300 (F3), 280 (F4), 260 (F5), and 165 kg ha-1 (F6) [Farmer’s practice (FP)] were used. In case of F1-F5, the MoP-TSP-CaS04-ZnS04 as 127-112-75-11 kg ha-1 were used while Farmers’ practice (FP) was done with only 82 kg ha-1 TSP. The experiment was laid out in two factors randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three farmers’ replications. Data were collected on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of boro rice. Plant height varied at harvest stage in relation to variety and fertilizer. The tillers production hill-1 varied at harvest in case of variety and urea application. Higher plant height was found in BRRI dhan58 (93.9 cm) in comparison to BRRI dhan29 (90.3 cm). Plant height was also influenced due to urea fertilizers application. The higher tillers hill-1 (15.9), effective tillers hill-1 (12.3) and longer panicle length (21.1 cm) were produced by BRRI dhan58 at harvest compared to BRRI dhan29. The longest panicle (21.4 cm) was produced in the treatment F3 (300 kg urea ha-1). Higher number of sterile spikelets panicle-1 (58.5) and 1000-grain weight (23.2 g) was produced by BRRI dhan58. Higher number of grains panicle-1 (137.5) was produced by BRRI dhan29. The highest grain yield (6.7 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.91 t ha-1) were obtained in the treatment F3 (300 kg urea ha-1). The experimental soil analyses showed that the nutrient contents in post-harvest soils were higher compared to initial soil due to balanced fertilizer application. It is concluded that 300 kg urea ha-1 promoted highest grain yield.

Download Full-text

Genetic Variability, Heritability, and Genotypic Correlation of Soybean Agronomic Characters

Buletin Palawija ◽

10.21082/bulpa.v19n2.2021.p117-125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Heru Kuswantoro ◽

Moch Muchlish Adie ◽

Pratanti Haksiwi Putri

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Plant Height ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Genotypic Correlation ◽

Agronomic Characters ◽

Days To Maturity ◽

100 Seed Weight ◽

Number Of Branches

Genetic parameters are important in genetic improvement and variety development. This study aimed to determine the effective characters that can be applied as selection criterion in soybean breeding using genetic parameters. About 100 soybean genotypes were grown in the Muneng Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation from April to July 2020. The trial was conducted using a randomized complete block design. The results showed that high genetic variability was found on days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of productive nodes per plant, 100-seed weight, and seed yield. The high heritability was shown by days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, and 100-seed weight. All phenotypic correlations were significant, except for the correlation between seed yield and days to maturity, plant height, number of branches, and number of productive nodes. The seed yield had no genotypic correlation with all agronomic characters observed. The genotypic correlation was only significant for plant height and number of productive nodes, number of branches and number of filled pods, as well as number of productive nodes and 100-seed weight. Therefore, the improvement of seed yield can be conducted through direct selection using the seed yield parameter or indirectly using the 100-seed weight.

Download Full-text