scholarly journals Pengendalian Keracunan Besi untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Padi di Lahan Rawa Pasang Surut Bukaan Baru

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Masganti Masganti ◽  
Ani Susilawati ◽  
Izhar Khairullah ◽  
Khairil Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Oxygen Control ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Iron Poisoning ◽  
Soil Fertility Status ◽  
Tidal Swamps

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. Kebutuhan beras nasional<strong> </strong>meningkat dari tahun ke tahun akibat pertambahan penduduk, peningkatan kebutuhan energi harian individu, dan masih rendahnya diversifikasi konsumsi sumber karbohidrat serta keinginan untuk menjadi lumbung pangan dunia (LPD) pada tahun 2045. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi padi nasional adalah melalui perluasan areal tanam dengan memanfaatkan lahan rawa pasang surut yang luasnya mencapai 8,92 juta hektare. Peningkatan luas tanam padi di lahan rawa pasang surut diantaranya dapat dilakukan melalui pembukaan lahan baru, baik dengan memanfaatkan lahan sawah terlantar maupun yang belum dimanfaatkan. Akan tetapi pembukaan lahan baru sering dihadapkan pada keracunan besi, sehingga tanaman padi tidak tumbuh dan berproduksi secara optimal. Keracunan besi dapat menurunkan produksi padi 30-100%, tergantung ketahanan varietas, intensitas keracunan, fase pertumbuhan, dan status kesuburan tanah.  Keracunan besi merupakan penyakit fisiologis tanaman dengan penyebab utama adalah konsentrasi Fe<sup>2+</sup> yang tinggi dalam larutan tanah karena kondisi reduktif. Hal itu terkait dengan drainase yang jelek, nilai Eh yang rendah, defisiensi  K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, dan Mn, dan oksigen tanah yang rendah. Pengendalian keracunan besi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi di lahan rawa pasang surut bukaan baru dapat dilakukan melalui teknologi pengelolaan air, ameliorasi, pemupukan, pengaturan waktu tanam, dan penggunaan varietas yang toleran.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abtract</strong>. <em>National rice demand is increasing from year to year due to population growth, increasing individual daily energy needs, and the  low diversification of consumption of carbohydrate sources and the desire to become a world food barn (LPD) in 2045. One effort to increase national rice production is through expansion planting area utilizing tidal swamp land which covers an area of 8.92 million hectares. Increasing the area of rice planting in tidal swamps can be done through the opening of new land, either by using abandoned or untapped rice fields. However, new land clearing is often faced with iron poisoning, so that rice plants do not grow and produce optimally. Iron poisoning can reduce rice production by 30-100%, depending on the variety resistance, poisoning intensity, growth phase, and soil fertility status. Iron poisoning is a physiological disease of plants with the main cause being high concentrations of Fe <sup>2+</sup> in soil solutions due to reductive conditions. This is related to poor drainage, low Eh values, deficiency of K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, and Mn, and low soil oxygen. Control of iron poisoning to increase rice productivity in the new openings tidal swamps can be done through water management technology, amelioration, fertilization, planting time management, and the use of tolerant varieties.</em></p>

scholarly journals The Influence of Tidal on Fe Distribution at Tidal Swamp Rice-Farming in Barito River Area, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Mawardi ◽  
Bambang Hendro Sunarminto ◽  
Benito Heru Purwanto ◽  
Putu Sudira ◽  
Totok Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Iron Poisoning ◽  
Tidal Swamps

Iron (Fe) poisoning can cause problems on growth, the formation of saplings, and the filling of grains. These problems lead to and plant death or decrease in productivity. The inhibition of growth and production is increasingly higher in susceptible varieties. The distribution of iron concentration varies in different regions and locations of swamp rice farming. Various adverse effects of iron poisoning on rice have been widely reported, but the spatial distribution of iron in tidal fields is still rare. Iron distribution in various soil profile depths has not been widely investigated and data availability to avoid Fe poisoning in tidal swamps has not been widely reported. Spatial distribution of Fe concentrations is needed as a reference for rice cultivation in tidal swamps. This study has been conducted in November 2015 until August 2017 using the survey method in the Barito River area, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The use of thematic maps such as tidal height difference (Δ), tidal flood type, and thickness of mud map. The results showed that the spatial concentration of Fe is highest in the zone I which has the highest difference (Δ) of high tide maximum and low tide maximum. While on the soil profile, the highest of Fe concentration is in layer 1 and the lowest concentration is in layer 3. Based on the overflow type, the highest Fe concentration is typed A and type B especially close to the estuary. To prevent iron poisoning, rice seedlings should reach layer 2 (> 10 cm) and choose the safe zone that is zone II, III, or IV to produce optimal rice production.

Application Of Vegetable Insecticide With Swamp Plant On Soybeanbork Pest Inland Of Tidal Swamp

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Ni'matuljannah Akhsan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Tidal Swamps ◽  
The Village

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to control environmentally friendly soybean pod borer by utilizing plants in swamps as a vegetable insecticide, namely Kepayang (Pangiumedule). The study was conducted on tidal land in the Village of Kiri Dalam, Barambai District, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The study was designed in a randomized block design with 5 replications. The treatment is; 1. Kepayang leaf extract, 2. Without control, 3.Neem plant extract, 4. Chloriliprol insecticide. The results showed that the Kepayang leaf extract can be used as a botanical insecticide controlling soybean pod borer because it can suppress soybean pod attack by up to 62% and is no different from the Chloriliprol insecticide treatment by 64%. Keywords: Applications, Swamp Plants, Boring Pods Borers, Tidal Swamps

Speciation of cadmium in soil solutions of saline/sodic soils and relationship with cadmium concentrations in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. McLaughlin ◽  
K. G. Tiller ◽  
M. K. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Chloro Complexes ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Saline Solutions

Fifty commercial potato crops and associated soils were sampled. Soil solutions were extracted from rewetted soils by centrifugation, and solution composition was related to Cd concentrations in tubers. Soils were also extracted with 0·01 M Ca(NO3)2 and 0·01 M CaCl2 solutions, and Cd2+ activities in the extracts were calculated by difference using the stability constants for formation of CdCl2-nn species. The soils had saline solutions (>4 dS/m), and Cl- and SO2-4 in solution markedly affected the speciation of Cd in soil solution, with chloro-complexes, in particular, dominating. While low soil pH was associated with high (>25 nM) concentrations of Cd in soil solution, chloro-complexation also led to high concentrations of Cd in solution, even at neutral to alkaline soil pH values. Tuber Cd concentrations were not related to activities of Cd2+ in soil solution or to activities in dilute salt extracts of soil. Tuber Cd concentrations were related to the degree of chloro-complexation of Cd in solution. The relationship of tuber Cd concentrations to chloro-complexation in soil solution suggests that Cd species other than the free Cd2+ ion are involved in the transport through soil and uptake of Cd by plants.

Effect of fire intensity on solution chemistry of surface soil under a Eucalyptus pauciflora forest

Soil Research ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Khanna ◽  
RJ Raison
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Soluble Silica ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Heated Soil

The chemical composition of soil solutions (field percolates collected in situ and laboratory saturation extracts) was measured at three sites subjected to widely varying fire intensity in subalpine Eucalyptus paucfiora forest near Canberra. The sites were unburnt forest, areas prescribed burnt resulting in almost complete canopy scorch, and ashbeds (intensely heated soil). Saturation extracts were obtained 1, 58, 375, 745 and 1095 days after the fire, and soil percolates were collected on 17 occasions during the initial year after burning. Large quantities of cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ , NH+4) and anions (Cl-, SO24-) and soluble silica were mobilized by burning, especially under ashbeds. Mobilization resulted from deposition of water-soluble elements in ash, immediate effects of soil heating, and enhanced rates of mineralisation of soil organic matter indicated by high concentrations of NH+4 which persisted for more than one year in surface soils under the ashbeds. After burning Ca2+ became the dominant cation in saturation extracts of surface (0-5 cm) soils for the entire 3-year study period. In the 5-15 cm soil layer, firstly NH+4 and later K+ replaced some of the Na+ in the solution phase. Most of the Cl- deposited in ash was leached below 15 cm depth within one year and was probably accompanied by transport of K+, Mg2+, Na+ and NH+4, but very little transfer of Ca2+ occurred. Concentrations of NO-3 and phosphate were always low in saturation extracts and soil percolates, and levels were unaffected by burning, despite the presence of large amounts of exchangeable NH+4 in the soil and the deposition of significant amounts of phosphate in ash. Burning increased the concentrations of soluble silica and SO24- in saturation extracts for at least 3 years after the fire. Most of the changes in soil solution chemistry measured would increase nutrient availability to the vegetation during the initial year after burning, but these changes must be balanced against losses of organic matter and nutrients during and after fires.

scholarly journals Species Diversity and Composition of Chalcidids Wasps (Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera) on Tidal Swamp Rice Field in Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahlul Ikhsan ◽  
Hidrayani . ◽  
Yaherwandi . ◽  
Hasmiandy Hamid ◽  
Rosichon Ubaidillah
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
New Record ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Richness Index

Background: Indragiri Hilir District has the most extensive rice harvest area and is the most significant contributor to rice production in Riau Province. Family Chalcididae is a parasitoid insect that can act as a biological agent to reduce pest attacks on rice. This research aimed to study the species diversity of Chalcididae on tidal swamp rice fields in Indragiri Hilir District. Methods: Sampling was carried out in two periods of rice planting. Samplings were conducted in 4 sub-districts of rice production centers, namely Batang Tuaka, Keritang, Reteh and Tembilahan Hulu, using three sampling techniques (i.e., insect net, malaise trap and yellow pan trap). Diversity index (H’), Species richness index (d), Species Evenness index (J’) and Similarity Index (Is) were calculated. Result: We found 127 individuals consisting of 5 genera and 11 species of Chalcididae were found in the four studied areas. Among them, Antrocephalus lugubris, A. maculipennis, Brachymeria excarinata, B. minuta and Dirhinus anthracia. B. excarinata and Antrocephalus sp. are reported as a new record to Indonesia and were found in all study locations. B. excarinata has the highest abundance of individuals. The shape of the landscape can influence the diversity index, species abundance and individual abundance of Chalcididae.

The Utilization Potential of Rice Husk as an Alternative Energy Source for Power Plants in Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anshar ◽  
Ab Saman Abd Kader ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Energy Needs

The utilization of rice husk as an alternative fuel for the power plant in Indonesia is still under study. In present, steam power plants in Indonesia are still using coal fuel. This study was conducted to obtain data on the development potential of rice husk within 12 years duration. The potential of rice husk for each province was obtained by analyzing the rice production of 22 provinces that have rice production greater than 1 million tons per year. The study shows that the potential of rice husk and potential electrical energy increased by about 36.8% within 12 years or an average increase of around 3.1% per year. For the potential of rice husk in 22 provinces, the total gain was estimated 12.76 × 106 tons which is equivalent to 6.62 × 106 tons of coal or equivalent to 3.68 × 106 tons of oil. The available capacity of power plants is around 5,664 MW with the potential of electric energy is around 49,622 GWh. This potential is equivalent to 50% of the energy needs of coal in Indonesia in 2011, which was about 99,312 GWh. In conclusion, rice husk is indeed potential to be used as an alternative fuel in power plants thanks to its increasing yearly production and ability for distribution to all provinces in Indonesia.

scholarly journals BC2F2 LOCAL RICE GENOTYPES FIELD TEST AT NON-TIDAL SWAMP IN SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milia Fitri ◽  
Mery Hasmeda ◽  
Rujito A. Suwignyo
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Non-tidal swamp is one of suboptimal land available to increase rice production in Indonesia. The problems is stagnant flooding during vegetative growth phase of the crop. Therefore, it is important to have rice varieties that tolerant flooding. Crossing and selection have been conducted to obtaine BC2F2 genotype from local swamp rice varieties, i.e. Siam, Pegagan and Pelita Rampak. This research was aimed at knowing the growth and production of several genotypes BC2F2 and their parental varieties, Siam, Pegagan and Pelita Rampak. The research was conducted in non-tidal swamp in Village Sako, sub-district Rambutan, District Banyuasin, South Sumatra from October 2017 to March 2018. Rice genotypes have been used BC2F2 Siam, BC2F2 Pegagan, and BC2F2 Pelita Rampak, and their parental varieties i.e. Siam, Pegagan, and Pelita Rampak. The results showed that genotype BC2F2 had vegetative and generative characters different from those of Siam, Pegagan, and Pelita Rampak. The production of the tested rice varieties was high, ranged from 4.52 to 7.95 tonnes per hectare. The best of each genotypes planted in the first season were SM 2, PGG 4, and PLR 3. While the best BC2F2 of each genotypes planted in the second season were SM 2, PGG 3, and PLR 3.

scholarly journals Tolerance of 20 heirloom rice varieties at seedling stage salinity stressed and their growth in lowland coastal area

Akta Agrosia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Rustikawati Rustikawati ◽  
Catur Herison ◽  
Muhammad Chozin ◽  
Indres Indres
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Tidal Swamp

Coastal area of Bengkulu Province is home of many heirloom rice varieties and play an important role in contributing rice production in the province. However, as the climate change proceeds, a progressive sea water inundation has increased soil salinity mainly in low-lying areas and jeopardizing the sustainability of rice production in coastal regions.  The use of salt-tolerant varieties, therefore, would be a sensible solution to alleviate the adverse effect of soil salinity in respect of maintaining the crop production in the coastal areas. The objective of this study was to examine the salinity tolerance of 20 heirloom rice varieties collected from a coastal area of Bengkulu Province.  Prior to the screening process, lethal concentration 90 (LC90) was determined by assaying the seedlings of ‘Kuning Tinggi’ in a series of nutrient solution containing a different concentration of NaCl (0, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 and 10000 ppm). Using a regression analysis, LC90 was detected at a concentration of 3910 ppm. The screening was performed by exposing the varieties in the nutrient solution culture containing 4000 ppm NaCl and growing them on the tidal swamp. Under nutrient culture evaluation, the symptom of NaCl toxicity was scored and converted to salinity tolerance index. ‘Humbur’, ‘Kuning Tinggi’ and ‘Padang Bakung’ exhibited medium tolerant, while ‘Beram’, ‘Imperata’ and ‘Kuning’ exhibited very sensitive. Further evaluation of the tidal swamp for vegetative and generative performances signified that ‘Humbur’ and ‘Kuning Tinggi’ had medium tolerant to salinity stress

scholarly journals Phytotesting of heavy metal contamination of Donbass soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kravsun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Centaurea Diffusa ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Plant Germination

The article presents the results of phytotesting of soil solutions with high concentrations of heavy metal ions. The sensitivity of Donbass species plant to soil pollution was established by specific transformations in the structures of the embryonic root Achillea nobilis L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Centaurea diffusa Lam., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Senecio vulgaris L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. Model experiments on plant germination were carried out in laboratory conditions with fixed concentrations of individual metals and with joint pollution, as well as when testing soil samples taken in the zones of influence of industrial facilities of Don-bass.

scholarly journals Soil Acidity Soil Acidity Mapping of Tidal Swamp Lands planted with rice in Ampukung Village, Kelua District, Tabalong Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Noor Khamidah ◽  
Riza Adrianoor Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Tidal Swamps

Tidal swamp land is one type of wetland in South Kalimantan, where the water level is influenced by the season/rainfall. Based on the puddle level and duration, tidal swamp land has three typologies, namely shallow tidal swamp, middle tidal swamp, and deep tidal swamp. The wetlands in Ampukung village are classified in tidal swamps.  Most of the tidal swamps have been utilized for agricultural activities, especially rice. Till now, rice farming in the tidal swamps of Ampukung village has not experienced any significant problems. In 2016, the rice harvest in Ampukung village exceeded the target of South Kalimantan. This success is considered to be increased by planting twice a year. However, some issues need to be addressed regarding the characteristics of the land in Ampukung village. Soil fertility, especially soil acidity, is one of the limiting factors in the utilization of tidal swamp land. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the acidity of the soil in the tidal swamp of Ampukung village. The acidity data is basic information to determine the condition of soil fertility to achieve the target of planting rice twice a year. This information will be presented in the form of a map to assist users in interpreting the research data. This study found that the soil pH in the tidal swamp lands of Ampukung Village, which was planted with rice, was highly acidic and homogeneously distributed.

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