scholarly journals The Difference of a Child (Walad) Concept in Islamic Inheritance Law and its Implications on The Decisions of the Religious Courts in Indonesia

MAZAHIB ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Amalia Furqan ◽  
Alfitri Alfitri ◽  
Akhmad Haries
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Religious Courts

This article is based on the fact that there is still the disparity of decisions among the Religious Court Judges on heirs, especially a child (walad), when handling the inheritance disputes. This is because there is a general provision of the meaning of walad contained in the Indonesian Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) in which it includes both a son and a daughter. In addition, there is no obligation for Religious Court Judges to use the KHI as the basis for legal considerations, allowing for some Religious Court Judges to use the classical Islamic Jurisprudence (fiqh) as the legal basis in deciding a case. This article aims to investigate the impact of the general concept of walad (a child) and measures should be taken the Government to accommodate the legal reference material for Religious Court Judges, especially the KHI and the classical Islamic Jurisprudence (fiqh). It employs normative legal research which primarily examines the decisions of the Religious Courts in East Kalimantan, specifically Samarinda, Tenggarong and Tanah Grogot. The findings reveal that since there is no obligation for the Judges to use the KHI, referring to the classical Islamic Jurisprudence when giving legal considerations and deciding cases of inheritance is not against the procedural law in Indonesia. Yet, this measure potentially creates the disparity of decisions in the Religious Courts since the fiqh differs in determining who the walad is: merely sons or include both sons and daughters. This has frustrated the objective of the KHI as the codification of Islamic Law in Indonesia which unites the differences of opinions in the fiqh and, thus, assures legal certainty in resolving the disputes. Hence, the government should enact the KHI as a Law in Indonesia in order to end the forum of choice for the Judges in basing their decisions so that the disparity of decisions in the Religious Court minimized and legal certainty assured for the justice seekers.Keywords: Islamic inheritance law, walad, fiqh, religious court's decision AbstrakArtikel ini didasarkan pada kenyataan bahwa masih ada perbedaan keputusan di antara Hakim Pengadilan Agama tentang ahli waris, terutama anak (walad), ketika menangani sengketa warisan. Ini karena ada ketentuan umum tentang makna walad yang terkandung dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam Indonesia (KHI) di mana itu mencakup anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Selain itu, tidak ada kewajiban bagi Hakim Pengadilan Agama untuk menggunakan KHI sebagai dasar untuk pertimbangan hukum, yang memungkinkan beberapa Hakim Pengadilan Agama untuk menggunakan fiqh sebagai dasar hukum dalam memutuskan suatu kasus. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki dampak dari konsep umum walad (anak) dan langkah-langkah yang harus diambil Pemerintah untuk mengakomodasi bahan referensi hukum bagi para Hakim Pengadilan Agama, khususnya KHI dan fiqh. Artikel ini didasari oleh penelitian hukum normatif yang terutama meneliti keputusan Pengadilan Agama di Kalimantan Timur, khususnya Samarinda, Tenggarong dan Tanah Grogot. Temuan ini mengungkapkan bahwa karena tidak ada kewajiban bagi para Hakim untuk menggunakan KHI, merujuk pada Yurisprudensi Islam klasik ketika memberikan pertimbangan hukum dan memutuskan kasus-kasus warisan tidak bertentangan dengan hukum acara di Indonesia. Namun, langkah ini berpotensi menciptakan disparitas keputusan di Pengadilan Agama karena fiqh berbeda dalam menentukan siapa walad: hanya anak laki-laki atau termasuk anak laki-laki dan perempuan. Kondisi ini telah menggagalkan tujuan KHI sebagai kodifikasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia yang menyatukan perbedaan pendapat dalam fiqh dan, dengan demikian, memastikan kepastian hukum dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah harus memberlakukan KHI sebagai UU di Indonesia untuk mengakhiri forum pilihan bagi para Hakim dalam mendasarkan keputusan mereka sehingga perbedaan keputusan di Pengadilan Agama diminimalkan dan kepastian hukum terjamin bagi para pencari keadilan.Kata Kunci: Hukum Kewarisan Islam, Konsep Walad, Fikih,  Putusan pengadilan agama

scholarly journals Problems of Islamic Law Compilation In Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Arip Purkon
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Religious Courts

Abstract.Islamic Law Compilation is one of the efforts to implement Islamic law in Indonesia constitutionally. Islamic Law Compilation covers three legal fields, namely marriage, inheritance and benefiction. The Islamic Law Compilation contributes positively in providing legal certainty, especially for judges in religious courts. In addition, there are still a number of problems related to the Islamic Law Compilation, namely the issue of socialization, equality of perception and the fear of reducing Islamic law.Keywords: Islamic Law Compilation, Marriage Law, Inheritance Law, Benefaction   Abstrak.Kompilasi Hukum Islam merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengimplementasikan hukum Islam di Indonesia secara konstitusional. Kompilasi Hukum Islam mencakup tiga bidang hukum, yaitu perkawinan, waris dan wakaf. Kompilasi Hukum Islam memberikan kontribusi yang positif dalam memberikan kepastian hukum, khususnya untuk para hakim di pengadilan agama. Selain itu, masih ada beberapa masalah terkait Kompilasi Hukum Islam, yaitu masalah sosialisasi, persamaan persepsi dan adanya kekhawatiran tereduksinya hukum Islam.Kata Kunci: Kompilasi Hukum Islam, Hukum Perkawinan, Hukum Waris, Wakaf

scholarly journals Certainty of Legal Distribution of Inheritance through Grants (Study in Dompu District, Dompu Regency)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Arif Rahmat ◽  
Lalu Husni ◽  
Aris Munandar
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Religious Courts

This study aims to analyze and examine the factors that influence the distribution of inheritance through grants in Dompu District, as well as reviewing the legal certainty of inheritance distribution through grants in Dompu District.The results of the study show that: Factors that influence the distribution of inheritance through grants to the Dompu Sub-District Community are Concern Factors of family conflict, Economic Factors and Efforts to protect the absolute part of the heirs. In terms of the distribution of inheritance through grants to the Dompu Subdistrict community, there is no legal certainty, that with empirical facts on the people of Dompu Subdistrict, there are still many inherited disputes from heirs after the parents as heirs die. began on some heirs who did not have good intentions and denied the results of the agreement in terms of the distribution of inheritance through grants agreed together by all heirs, which is a customary practice from generation to generation in the Dompu community, then the heirs demanded back in share based on Islamic inheritance law, under the pretext that if a family (Islam) has two laws that apply such as customary law and Islamic law, then as long as the community must obey and comply with the provisions of Islamic law as well. If the heirs still cannot agree and feel an objection regarding the inheritance given by the heir by means of the heir’s gift during his lifetime, then it can be resolved through the Religious Court. This is in accordance with Article 49 of Law No. 3 of 2006 concerning the Religious Courts. But these things affect the harmony and division within the family. That from the results of research on inheritance events in the Dompu community.

scholarly journals Persecutory and Defamation as Barriers to Inheritance (Review of Maqāṣid Shari'ah in a Compilation of Islamic Law)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Wardatun Nabilah ◽  
Deri Rizal ◽  
Arifki Budia Warman
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Legal Provision ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Religious Courts

<p dir="ltr"><span id="docs-internal-guid-41f11696-7fff-db33-7f42-a6fcf5441a61"><span>A Compilation of islamic law “Kompilasi Hukum Islam”, which was ratified through Presidential Instruction (or now decree) No. 1 of 1991, is a modern codification of Islamic individual and family law that becomes the standard of judges' reference in resolving cases in religious courts. One of the critical parts of KHI is inheritance, which is the main focus of this paper. The article on inheritance in KHI is interesting for further review because it has a different legal provision to fiqh or qanun. Through the study of libraries with a philosophical approach, this paper intends to analyze the provisions that become a barrier to inheritance from the perspective of Maqāṣid al-Sharia. This study shows that the obstacles to obtaining inheritance for reasons of persecution and slander, as mentioned in article 173 KHI, are some barriers to one obtaining inheritance that are not discussed as a barrier to inheritance in the classic fiqh book of severe persecution and slander. Through literature research, it is understood that the decree of persecution and slander is a barrier to inheritance in line with the Maqāṣid al-Sharia, namely to protect the soul (hifz al-nafsi), then guard the property (hifz al-māl) and further maintain self-respect (hifz al-'Ird) Thus. However, severe persecution and slander are not listed in classical Islamic jurisprudence as a barrier to inheritance. With the study of Maqāṣid al-Sharia, these two things are very appropriate to be applied in the rule of inheritance law, especially in Indonesia, so that these two acts cause very much harm to the victim (heir).</span></span></p><div><span><br /></span></div><br /> <br />“Kompilasi Hukum Islam”, yang disahkan melalui Instruksi Presiden No. 1 Tahun 1991, merupakan kodifikasi modern hukum perseorangan dan keluarga Islam yang menjadi standar rujukan para hakim dalam menyelesaikan perkara di pengadilan agama. Salah satu bagian penting KHI adalah kewarisan, yang menjadi fokus utama dalam tulisan ini. Pasal tentang waris dalam KHI menarik dikaji lebih lanjut karena memiliki ketentuan hukum yang berbeda dengan fiqh atau qanun. Melalui studi pustaka dengan pendekatan filosofis, tulisan ini bermaksud menganalisis ketentuan yang menjadi penghalang warisan dari perspektif Maqāṣid al-Syarī’ah. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa halangan mendapatkan warisan karena alasan penganiayaan dan fitnah, sebagaimana yang disebutkan dalam pasal 173 KHI terdapat beberapa penghalang seseorang mendapatkan hak waris yang tidak dibahas sebagai penghalang kewarisan dalam kitab fiqh klasik yaitu penganiayaan berat dan fitnah. Melalui penelitian kepustakaan, dipahami bahwa ketetapan penganiayaan dan memfitnah sebagai penghalang kewarisan sejalan dengan Maqāṣid al-Syarī’ah yakni yakni untuk menjaga jiwa (hifẓal-nafsi), kemudian  menjaga harta (hifẓal-māl) dan selanjutnya menjaga kehormatan diri (hifẓ al-‘Irḍ) Maka, sekalipun penganiayaan berat dan fitnah tidak tercantum dalam fiqh klasik sebagai penghalang kewarisan, namun dengan kajian Maqāṣid Syarī’ah, kedua hal ini sangat pantas diterapkan dalam aturan hukum waris, khususnya di Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan karena dua perbuatan ini menyebabkan sangat banyak mudarat kepada korban (pewaris).

scholarly journals INHERITANCE WEALTH DISTRIBUTION MODEL AND ITS IMPLICATION TO ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Berkah ◽  
Tjiptohadi Sawarjuwono
Keyword(s):  
Role Model ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
Religious Courts

Purpose of study:  Inheritance wealth is one of the instruments of wealth distribution in Islam that potentially capable   to be a solution for economic inequality that triggered the multidimensional problems nations daily life. The concept of inheritance wealth distribution for Muslims has been summarized in Indonesian Islamic Law Compilation and in Marriage Act No. 1 year 1974. For non-Muslim society, the inheritance law is based on the concept of nations Civil Code and customary rules. The diversity in the concept of inheritance wealth distribution in Indonesia cannot be separated from the nature of the family and its influence on the assets, which is believed by the community. Methodology: This study used participation action research method as a qualitative approach in order to frame, analyze and solutions in form of strategic role model for the Government in completing and streamlining the inheritance wealth distribution in Indonesia. Result: The solutions will be based on problems faced by the Religious Courts and Islamic organizations in conducting inheritance wealth distribution. Moreover, propose inheritance wealth as public fund in addition to zakat, infaq, shodaqoh and endowments. Implications/Applications: The implementation and dispute settlement in inheritance wealth distribution are exercised by Religious Courts,  as well as the Islamic organization such as Muhammadiyah and Nahdatul Ulama (NU). Diversity  of institutions becomes an interesting phenomenon in Indonesia inheritance wealth distribution. This potentially makes inheritance wealth distribution done well and can prevent conflicts of individuals in the family, hoarding treasure and minimize economic disparities in society.

scholarly journals The Discourse and Practice of Islamic Family Law in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5201-5212
Author(s):  
Nurrohman Syarif
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Court System ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Law System ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Civil Law System ◽  
Religious Courts

Family law is the most powerful law practiced in Islamic history, but this does not mean that it avoids the demands of changing times. Today, there are no less than thirteen problems related to family law that have arisen in the Muslim world. This problem arises not only because of demands for changing times, but also because of efforts to unify, codify and legislate Islamic law in a number of Muslim countries. This problem requires not only solutions but also reforms. This study aims to examine the model of understanding, practicing, reforming and transforming Islamic law in Indonesia and its impact on the position of standard classical fiqh books and the independence of judges in the Religious Courts. This research is a non-doctrinal normative qualitative research type. This study found a variety of models in the exploration, practice and reform of family law in Indonesia. The impact of the reform and transformation of family law in Indonesia is that classical fiqh books are no longer used as the main reference and the Religious Court System is closer to the civil law system. However, the reform and transformation of family law in Indonesia did not reduce the independence of religious judges in exploring and discovering more contextual Islamic law.

scholarly journals Adakah Ruang Ijtihad Untuk Isu Homoseks?

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Arif Maftuhin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Government

Thus far the views of experts of Islamic jurisprudence regarding homosexuality have been very clear in forbidding it. The Alqur'an, Hadith and Ijma' are the bases of the prohibition on marriages of this kind, although jurists differ in their views on the punishment for homosexual behaviour. Malik, ash-Shafi'i and Ahmad equate the punishment for homosexual acts with that for adultery, whereas Abu Hanifah views it as a ta'zir punishment (one determined by the government). Meanwhile, the· view of some that homosexuality is a natural and predetermined phenomenon presents its own challenges: how will Islamic law respond to the claim that homosexuality is a part of our basic human rights that must be protected?

scholarly journals Pelaksanaan Hukum Kewarisan Islam di Kota Makassar

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anis
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Legal Substances ◽  
Total Effort

Pelaksanaan Hukum Kewarisan Islam berdasarkan Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Kota Makassar sesuai instruksi Presiden RI No.1 Thn. 1991 belum efektif. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam pelaksanaan Hukum Kewarisan Islam di Kota Makassar adalah substansi hukum yang belum menjamin adanya kepastian hukum, tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat, tingkat pengetahuan aparat dan tingkat persepsi masayarakat.Pelaksanaan Hukum Kewarisan Islam di Kota Makassar berdasarkan Kompilasi Hukum Islam, diharapkan menjadi input masyarakat muslim dan pejabat terkait untuk menjadi bahan koreksi dan perbaikan terhadap pelaksanaan Hukum Kewarisan Islam.Untuk mengefektifkan pelaksanaan Hukum Kewarisan Islam di Kota Makassar diharapkan agar Kompilasi Hukum Islam disempurnakan dan ditingkatkan menjadi Undang-Undang, karena itu dibutuhkan upaya yang maksimal untuk mewujudkannya guna meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat, pengetahuan aparat, dan persepsi masyarakat.The implementation of Islamic Inheritance Law is based on the Compilation of Islamic Law in Makassar City according to the instructions of the Republic of Indonesia No.1 1991 that has been ineffective. Several factors that influence the implementation of Islamic Heritage Law in Makassar City are legal substances that have not guaranteed legal certainty, the level of knowledge of the community, the level of knowledge of the officers and the level of perception of the community.The implementation of Islamic Inheritance Law in Makassar City based on the Compilation of Islamic Law is expected to be the input of Muslim communities and related officials to be the material for correction and improvement of the implementation of Islamic Heritage Law.In order to make the implementation of Islamic Inheritance Law effective in Makassar City, it is hoped that the Compilation of Islamic Law will be refined and upgraded to the Act because it requires total effort to make it happen in order to increase public knowledge, knowledge of officials, and public perceptions. 

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN ANAK PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN PERUNDANG-UNDANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Harun
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law ◽  
Religious Courts

Abstract. Children are children, and not little adults. Thus, the treatment of children whether involved in criminal acts or those experiencing social problems must be addressed for the welfare of children. The need for children adoption within Indonesian Islamic community will also be increasingly important for those who need it, in order to obtain legal certainty in which can be obtained by a court decision including the decision of the Religious Court. The marriage law and religious justice law have regulated in detail about child care and guardianship which are compiled in a compilation of Islamic law. The Law on Religious Courts explicitly states that the Religious Courts are a court for Muslims regarding cases or matters that are in its authorities. Muslims in this case are not only adults but also children. Unfortunately, the issue of children protection is not referred explicitly in the authorities of the Religious Courts. However, to serve and to fulfill the legal needs of Muslims regarding to child care, the Religious Courts, at the request of someone who adopts a child based on Islamic law, may issue a decision on adoption in terms of the child concerned as a proof of completion of the will must be regulated in the Compilation of Islamic law of Religious Courts. Consequently, the rights and obligations of parents who have adopted children with Islamic law have special characteristics that are different from the rights and obligations of parents who have adopted children without Islamic law. Abstrak. Anak-anak adalah anak-anak, dan bukan orang dewasa kecil. Dengan demikian, perlakuan terhadap anak-anak apakah terlibat dalam tindakan kriminal atau mereka yang mengalami masalah sosial harus ditangani untuk kesejahteraan anak-anak. Kebutuhan adopsi anak dalam komunitas Islam Indonesia juga akan semakin penting bagi mereka yang membutuhkannya, untuk mendapatkan kepastian hukum yang dapat diperoleh melalui keputusan pengadilan termasuk keputusan Pengadilan Agama. Hukum perkawinan dan hukum keadilan agama telah mengatur secara rinci tentang pengasuhan anak dan perwalian yang disusun dalam kompilasi hukum Islam. Undang-Undang tentang Pengadilan Agama secara eksplisit menyatakan bahwa Pengadilan Agama adalah pengadilan bagi umat Islam tentang kasus atau hal-hal yang ada dalam otoritasnya. Muslim dalam hal ini tidak hanya orang dewasa tetapi juga anak-anak. Sayangnya, masalah perlindungan anak tidak dirujuk secara eksplisit dalam otoritas Pengadilan Agama. Namun, untuk melayani dan memenuhi kebutuhan hukum umat Islam terkait perawatan anak, Pengadilan Agama, atas permintaan seseorang yang mengadopsi anak berdasarkan hukum Islam, dapat mengeluarkan keputusan tentang adopsi dalam hal anak yang bersangkutan sebagai bukti penyelesaian kehendak harus diatur dalam Kompilasi hukum Islam Pengadilan Agama. Akibatnya, hak dan kewajiban orang tua yang mengadopsi anak dengan hukum Islam memiliki karakteristik khusus yang berbeda dengan hak dan kewajiban orangtua yang mengadopsi anak tanpa hukum Islam. 

scholarly journals Position Replacement By Inheritee Who Refuses A Heritage According To Heir Civil Law Dan Islamic Heir Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
Gibtha Wilda Permatasari ◽  
Yuliati Yuliati ◽  
Herman Suryokumoro
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
The Law

This research journal discusses legal issues relating to the substitution of places made by the heirs who previously rejected the inheritance which falls to him by comparison of the perspectives of civil inheritance law and Islamic inheritance law. Pursuant to Article 848 and Article 1060 of the Civil Code on the replacement of the place by the heirs who reject the inheritance and the notary's role as a general official in providing legal certainty to prevent the issue of inheritance according to the law of civil inheritance and the Islamic inheritance law. The purpose of this research is to know and to analyze whether or not the heirs who have rejected inheritance replace other heirs as well as to know the role of notary in giving legal certainty to prevent problems in the civil inheritance law and Islamic inheritance law. The research method used by the writer is the statue approach and comparative approach. Heirs who reject inheritance under civil law of inheritance cannot change place (plaatsvervulling) because the requirement of replacement of place according to the law of civil inheritance is derived from families of blood in the same degree and not reject the inheritance. The replacement of places in Islamic inheritance law is known as mawali however, Islamic law does not recognize the denial of inheritance only known in the law of civil inheritance.

scholarly journals EKSISTENSI HUKUM WARIS DI INDONESIA: ANTARA ADAT DAN SYARIAT

Asy-Syari ah ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komari Komari
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
The Political ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Western Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Asian People

This paper explains about the application of inheritance law in Indonesia which is strongly influenced by three law systems such as Islamic law, customary law, and Western law. At the beginning of Islam in Indonesia, Islamic law is very dominant in the implementation of Islamic inheritance law which is intergrated with culture and tradition among Muslim society. In Colonial period, the government of Dutch East Hindia started to establish Western law for European and East Asian people. But for the Muslim citizens in Indonesia was implement­ting the combination of Islamic law and customary law. In the independence period, the political of law has been changed through unification and codification of Islamic law into the Indonesia rules formally, including in the application of Islamic inheritance law. As long as this policy, Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia has a characteristic of the combination between Islamic law and customary law.

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