scholarly journals ZAKAT AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN INDONESIA: A PANEL ANALYSIS AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL

Author(s):  
Evi Aninatin Nimatul Choiriyah ◽  
Abdul Kafi ◽  
Irma Faikhotul Hikmah ◽  
Imam Wahyudi Indrawan

As a pillar of Islam and an instrument for poverty alleviation, zakat is perceived as aneffective tool for tackling the problem of poverty in the Muslim world. However,whether zakat is effective in improving indicators of both quantity and quality ofpoverty is still a question requiring empirical investigation. This study is aims toempirically investigate the role of impactful zakat in poverty alleviation as indicated bythe BAZNAS prosperity index (Indeks Kesejahteraan BAZNAS or IKB), at provinciallevel in Indonesia. This study covers annual data from 28 provinces in Indonesia forthe years 2017 and 2018. Data analysis uses a panel-data approach, with threeindicators of poverty – the poverty headcount ratio (P0), poverty gap index (P1), andpoverty severity index (P2) – as dependent variables. The study finds that higherBAZNAS IKB, used as a sign of impactful zakat, significantly reduces P0 but hasinsignificant effect on P1 and P2. The results of this study imply that zakat managersshould put emphasis on the poorest section of the poor population to enableimprovements in poverty indicators through zakat utilization.

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Oltiana Muharremi ◽  
Filloreta Madani ◽  
Erald Pelari

<p class="Default"><em>Microfinance is defined as any activity involving the offering of financial services such as loans, savings and insurance to individuals with low income.</em><em> </em><em>Creating social value includes reducing poverty and having a better impact to improve living conditions through capital for micro-enterprises; insurance and savings deposits for reducing risk and boosting consumption. Worldwide microfinance actors promote access to basic financial services by developing new tools, a variety of products and the adoption of an integrated banking access.</em></p><p class="Default"><em>Initially, microfinance was largely gender neutral: it sought to provide credit to the poor who had no assets to pledge as collateral. It quickly emerged, however, that women invested their business profits in ways that would have a longer-lasting impact on their families and communities. Consequently women became fundamental to the success of the microfinance model as a poverty alleviation tool. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of microfinance loans in improving the lives of women borrowers, as well as in strengthening their social influence and the microcredit impact in promoting savings. This study is based on an empirical investigation of 384 structured questionnaires and surveys directed at microfinance institutions and their clients in the regions of Vlore and Fier, Albania.</em></p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Mehta ◽  
Joysankar Bhattacharya

Financial sector development serves poor directly through poverty-lending approach or financial systems approach. Robinson (2001) questions the appropriateness of poverty-lending approach for the extremely poor and supports the financial systems approach for providing a poverty alleviation toolbox to serve the poor at various levels. The present study attempts to assess the effectiveness of the two lending approaches and comments on the appropriateness of the same for the poor and the poorest of the poor in rural India using state-wise annual data from 1999–2000 to 2011–2012. We conduct a panel data analysis for a sample of 15 major Indian states and provide an empirical evidence for the effect of various poverty alleviation tools on the poor and the poorest of the poor in rural India. The study partially supports the use of tools suggested by Robinson.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-272
Author(s):  
Lidia Trausan-Matu

The main objective of this study is to provide an overview of the evolution of the medical system in Wallachia between 1840 and 1860 and the very important role of physician Nicolae Gussi (1802-1869), protomedicus of Wallachia between 1840 and 1859, to transform medicine into a modern public service, accessible to the entire population. Particularly, we will refer to the medical reform project of 1853, which Gussi implemented during the time he headed the medical-sanitary administration. We will insist on the details of the project because it was designed to create a network of county hospitals that would improve the health of the population and, in the medium and long term, would reduce mortality and increase life expectancy. Another dimension of the study aims at the tenure of physicians in county hospitals and describes the medical services they provided to patients, particularly from the poor population.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-365
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdi Elmi Xalane ◽  
Marhanum Che Mohd Salleh

This research aims to investigate the current practice of Islamic microfinance in Mogadishu, Somalia and to examine the effectiveness of Islamic microfinance institutions in Somalia on poverty reduction. In total, 65 microfinance recipients participated in the survey. This research adopts a quantitative methodology, using a survey and descriptive analysis. Findings show that the current practice of Islamic microfinance in Mogadishu is serving the poor and that these microfinance activities are effective in terms of obtaining loans, enhancement of standards of living and usefulness of the system. Nonetheless, there is a low level of awareness among the locals regarding the availability of Islamic microfinance.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-391
Author(s):  
Permata Wulandari

Purpose Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT) is an Islamic microfinance institution created by combining the functionality of Baitul Maal and Baitul Tamwil in Indonesia. While Baitul Maal plays the role of an institution that collects funds from zakah, cash waqf, infaq and sadakah, Baitul Tamwil then distributes these funds in the form of Qardhul Hassan financing to the poor at the bottom of the economic pyramid (BOP). This study aims to explain the poverty alleviation effort by BMT regarding its role in providing Qardhul Hassan financing to the people at the BOP and provide practical suggestions to maximize the outreach performance of the BMT. Design/methodology/approach In this methodology, the study adopts the qualitative analysis of reviewing the literature and interviewing the BMT staff in Jakarta, Makassar and Nusa Tenggara Barat areas to present the views of the practitioners related to the role of Baitul Maal in giving Qardhul Hassan financing to the people at the BOP using appreciative intelligence framework. Findings The study finds that BMT in Indonesia needs several stage-specific structures and roles to be effective. In particular, there is a need to separate the function of Baitul Maal from Baitul Tamwil to enhance its role when giving Qardhul Hassan financing to the people at the BOP. The role of Baitul Maal in alleviating the poverty figure is also drawn in this study. Originality/value The findings of this study add to the literature on Baitul Maal by enabling researchers and practitioners to appreciate the role of Baitul Maal, and these findings also contribute towards enriching the knowledge in Baitul Maal and financing requirements of the poor at the BOP. This paper also contributes to the field of Islamic accounting which is currently getting prominent.


2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
Sofyan Yamin ◽  
Teguh Dartanto

Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia: The Missing Link of Social CapitalThe government has a dominance role and heavily focused on economic approach in poverty alleviaton in Indonesia. Poverty rate has been reduced, but not in significant way. Revitalization of poverty alleviation programs by promoting non-economic such as social capital becomes important. This study aims to analyze the role of social capital related to the bonding and bridging dimension in promoting poverty alleviation and protecting the poor from vulnerability. Based on the study, the bonding and bridging dimension has showed the significant effect to decrease the vulnerability and pulled out the poor from the poverty line.Keywords: Bonding and Bridging Social Capital; Poverty; Simultaneous EquationAbstrakNuansa kebijakan pengentasan orang miskin selama ini terkesan menitikberatkan pada pendekatan ekonomi dengan peran Negara yang sangat dominan. Meskipun tingkat kemiskinan menurun tapi tidak terlalu signifikan. Revitalisasi pengentasan orang miskin dengan mendorong faktor non-ekonomi seperti modal sosial menjadi penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa peran modal sosial terkait dengan bonding dan bridging dalam mendorong pengentasan orang miskin dan melindungi kerentanan kelompok miskin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan modal sosial bonding dan bridging terbukti secara empiris mempunyai peran penting dalam mengurangi kedalaman kemiskinan dan juga mampu mendorong orang miskin keluar dari kemiskinan.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suharto Suharto

Institutional Local Communities are local community institutions that are built andstrengthened according to the needsof the community in a process of social transformationthat is rooted, acknowledged and accepted by the community. The role of local communityinstitutions in community empowerment is one of them participate in poverty reductionprogram which includes allactivities of empowerment of village / village community. In theempowerment of the community the main target is the powerless community (poor) in thebroadest sense and in fact most of the poor are urban community.In the communityempowerment program hasalways been encouraged to be more pro poor and give moreopportunities to the role of the community in community empowerment, especially the poor inKelurahan.The existence of local community institutions in accordance with the interests andneeds of these communities can be a driver of social capital for the process of socialtransformation from the condition of a powerless society into a powerless society, self-reliantand civil society who aspired together. The role of local community institutions BKM, LPMKand PKKcommunity empowerment Muktiharjo Kidul Urban Village that all institutionsparticipate in poverty alleviation urban village communityand the role of each localcommunity institutions in doing every community empowerment activities of the village tendto support and try with the aim that the community more empowered, independent andprosperous.Keywords: Local Community Institution, Community Empowerment


2020 ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Ulfah - Choirunisa ◽  
Sendi Permadia ◽  
Aditya Rahmat Gunawan

Poverty is a crucial problem in Indonesia. Poverty rate in Indonesia is high when compared to other countries in Southeast Asia. We need continuous efforts between government and society, one of them is by maximizing the potential of zakat in Indonesia. This paper aims to analyze the utilization of zakat funds on poverty reduction in Indonesia, especially through program Entrepreneurship Assistance in Desa Berdaya Rumah Zakat. There are 2323 samples taken from the monthly report Entrepreneurship Assistance. The method used is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach that aims to explain and analyze comprehensively the role of zakat in poverty alleviation and indicators. Analysis tools used such as headcount index, poverty gap, income gap, sen poverty index dan FGT index is based on three poverty indicators, namely the poverty line, had kifayah and the nisab of zakat. Distribution of zakat has an impact on increasing the income and business scale of the program recipients, with the result that reducing the depth and severity of poverty in Indonesia


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fahme Mohd Ali ◽  
Mohd Faisol Ibrahim

This article attempts to analyse the determination of poverty among the poor and needy of the zakat recipients in Kelantan, Malaysia. The study is motivated from the Kelantan zakat collection (2003-2015) that suggests that the growth alone (high collection) is not enough to eliminate poverty, there are indeed, other elements of poverty eradication like the socio economic, demographic factors, remittances and the investments in social and economic factors like the food subsidy for the poorest, good quality education, opportunities for the most needy, regulation of job markets, and purposively designed social security nets also have significant impact on permanent reduction in poverty. In Kelantan, despite zakat centres having disbursed an increasing amount of expenditure annually on the two categories of zakat recipients, hitherto the number of fuqara (poor) and masakin (needy) households is still increasing (MAIK, 2014; JAWHAR, 2012). Thus, it is important to understand the nature and scale of poverty, the various driving forces that affect it and the determinants of poverty among the poor and needy as linked to this process. A sample of 505 households from 2016 Household Expenditure Survey (HES) among the poor and needy zakat recipients in Kelantan has been used in this study. The findings have important policy implications for Kelantan Zakat Department (MAIK) in making the zakat distribution becomes more efficient and uplift the important role of zakat as one of the poverty alleviation tools among the Muslims. This study recommends the method of zakat distribution should be improved and channelled accordingly in order to strengthen the Muslims economy condition and then, it would facilitate the poverty alleviation programmes by the zakat department.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Husna Ni`matul Ulya

Abstract: Poverty is a condition where a person or groups of people, male and female, are unable to fulfill their basic rights to maintain and develop a dignified life. The dimensions of poverty are interrelated, both directly and indirectly, it means that progress and setbacks in one aspect can affect progress and decline in other aspects, and another aspect of poverty is that the poor are human beings, either individual or collective. The latest data in March 2018 mentions that the number of poverty in Indonesia as many as 25, 95 millions of people. The causes of poverty vary, depending on the type of poverty itself, as well as there are many different poverty indicators. Poverty reduction efforts are carried out by providing basic needs such as food, health and education services, expansion of employment opportunities, agricultural development, and provision of revolving funds through the credit system, infrastructure development and assistance, sanitation counseling and so on. Islam provides solutions to solve the poverty alleviation such as working obligation, income redistribution (zakat), infaq, etc. الملخص:الفقر هو حالة لا يستطيع فيها شخص أو مجموعة من الناس،ذكوراً وإناثاً ، أن يفيوا بحقوقهم الأساسية في الحفاظ على حياة كريمة وتطويرها. إن أبعاد الفقر مترابطة ، سواء بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر ، وهذا يعني أن التقدم والنكسات في أحد الجوانب يمكن أن تؤثر على التقدم والانحدار في جوانب أخرى ، وجانب آخر من جوانب الفقر هو أن الفقراء هم بشر ، فرد أو جماعي. تشير أحدث البيانات في مارس 2018 إلى عدد من يعانون الفقر في إندونيسيا يصل إلى 25 ، 95 مليون شخص. تختلف أسباب الفقر ، تبعاً لنوع الفقر نفسه ، فضلاً عن وجود العديد من مؤشرات الفقر المختلفة. ويتم بذل جهود الحد من الفقر من خلال توفير الاحتياجات الأساسية مثل الغذاء والصحة وخدمات التعليم ، وتوسيع فرص العمل ، والتنمية الزراعية ، وتوفير الأموال المتجددة من خلال نظام الائتمان ، وتطوير البنية التحتية والمساعدة ، والمشورة الصحية وغيرها. يوفر الإسلام حلاً للتخفيف من حدة الفقر ، من بين أمور أخرى ، مع اقتراح العمل للمسلمين ، وإعادة توزيع الدخل في شكل الزكاة ، infaq والصدقات وما إلى ذلك.Abstrak: Kemiskinan sebagai kondisi dimana seseorang atau sekelompok orang, laki-laki dan perempuan, tidak mampu memenuhi hak-hak dasarnya untuk mempertahankan dan mengembangkan kehidupan yang bermartabat. Dimensi-dimensi kemiskinan saling berkaitan, baik secara langsung maupun tak langsung, hal ini berarti bahwa kemajuan dan kemunduran pada salah satu aspek dapat mempengaruhi kemajuan dan kemunduran pada aspek lainnya, dan aspek lainnya dari kemiskinan ini adalah bahwa yang miskin itu adalah manusianya, baik secara individual maupun kolektif. Data terakhir pada bulan Maret tahun 2018 menyebutkan jumlah kemiskinan di Indonesia sebanyak 25, 95 juta penduduk.  Penyebab kemiskinan berbeda-beda, tergantung dengan jenis kemiskinan itu sendiri, begitu pula ada banyak indikator kemiskinan yang berbeda-beda. upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan dilakukan dengan penyediaan kebutuhan dasar seperti pangan, pelayanan kesehatan dan pendidikan, perluasan kesempatan kerja, pembangunan pertanian, pemberian dana bergulir melalui sistem kredit, pembangunan prasarana dan pendampingan, penyuluhan sanitasi dan sebagainya.  Islam memberikan solusi dalam pengentasan kemiskinan, antara lain dengan adanya anjuran untuk bekerja bagi umat muslim, adanya redistribusi pendapatan berupa zakat, infaq dan sedekah dan lain sebagainya.


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