scholarly journals “Health For All”. The Medical System in Wallachia Under Protomedicus Nicolae Gussi 1848-1859

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-272
Author(s):  
Lidia Trausan-Matu

The main objective of this study is to provide an overview of the evolution of the medical system in Wallachia between 1840 and 1860 and the very important role of physician Nicolae Gussi (1802-1869), protomedicus of Wallachia between 1840 and 1859, to transform medicine into a modern public service, accessible to the entire population. Particularly, we will refer to the medical reform project of 1853, which Gussi implemented during the time he headed the medical-sanitary administration. We will insist on the details of the project because it was designed to create a network of county hospitals that would improve the health of the population and, in the medium and long term, would reduce mortality and increase life expectancy. Another dimension of the study aims at the tenure of physicians in county hospitals and describes the medical services they provided to patients, particularly from the poor population.

Oikos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (31) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Marcelo Yáñez Pérez

RESUMENEl artículo muestra los principales resultados de la investigación Percepción de la Población Pobre de Santiago sobre el Mercado Laboral en Chile, realizada durante 9 años consecutivos desde 2003, por la Escuela de Administración y Economía de la Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez. El estudio incluye antecedentes sobre las concepciones de empleo y desempleo de este grupo de la población, así como la identificación de quienes –a su juicio– serían los responsables de que las personas pobres obtengan un trabajo y la calificación que le asignan a su gestión. También contempla sus percepciones en torno al apoyo del Estado, nivel de desempleo, influencia del capital social, respeto por los trabajadores, igualdad de oportunidades, poder de los sindicatos, entre otros aspectos, además del nivel de desempleo familiar y tipo de problemas laborales que han enfrentado.Palabras clave: mercado laboral, pobreza, percepciones, equidad.Este estudio ha sido realizado en el contexto de la investigación “Percepción de la población pobre de Santiago sobre las condiciones de acceso, equidad y satisfacción en la obtención de bienes básicos y públicos – año 2011: visión evolutiva desde el año 2003”, que es parte del Programa de Investigación de la Escuela de Administración y Economía de la UCSH. Esta investigación ha sido financiada desde sus inicios y en su totalidad con fondos propios de esta Universidad.Perception of the Poor Population from Santiago of The Labor Market in Chile in the year 2011 and evolution from 2003ABSTRACTThe paper shows the main results of a long-term investigation on the perceptions of the poor of Santiago of the labor market in Chile, which began in 2003 and was carried out by the School of Management and Economics at the Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez. The study includes background on the concepts of employment and unemployment in this group of the population, and the identification of those who, in his opinion, would be responsible for the poor to get a job and the rating assigned to their management. It also includes their perceptions of the support of the state, unemployment, social capital influence, respect for workers, equal opportunities, union power, among other things, besides the level of unemployment and type of family labor problems they have faced.Keywords: labor market, poverty, perceptions, equity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
S. М. Fedorenko ◽  
M. S. Balazh ◽  
V. V. Vitomskyi ◽  
О.B. Lazarіeva ◽  
M. V. Vitomskа

<p><strong>The aim</strong>:  to consider the economic consequences of morbidity and rehabilitation of the musculoskeletal system (MSS) among the able-bodied population to confirm the economic feasibility of using physical therapy and the development of its system in the country in order to reduce losses from MSS pathologies in Ukraine.</p><p><strong>Material and methods</strong>: the data of 63 literature sources on the prevalence of MSS diseases among the working population, their economic consequences (payments for treatment, employers' losses), the role of rehabilitation, physical therapy in reducing financial costs, and the needs of the population in rehabilitation and physical therapy were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Occupational diseases of the MSS are characterized by long-term disability and a high incidence of disability. The effectiveness of rehabilitation, including economic, with injuries and diseases of the MSS was given great attention in the works of domestic and foreign authors. A significant amount of research has confirmed that the funds spent on the implementation of rehabilitation are reimbursed many times by reducing the periods of temporary and permanent loss of working capacity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The economic feasibility of directing the funds for rehabilitation and physical therapy in pathologies of the MSS is reflected in the short duration of disability, the period of adaptation of patients to work, and the need for rehabilitation. Therefore, channeling funds into building a rehabilitation and physical therapy system in Ukraine is appropriate in the framework of medical reform and will have long-term positive economic consequences.</p>


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Marzagalli ◽  
Soraya Scuderi ◽  
Filippo Drago ◽  
James A. Waschek ◽  
Alessandro Castorina

Enduring diabetes increases the probability of developing secondary damage to numerous systems, and these complications represent a cause of morbidity and mortality. Establishing the causes of diabetes remains the key step to eradicate the disease, but prevention as well as finding therapies to ameliorate some of the major diabetic complications is an equally important step to increase life expectancy and quality for the millions of individuals already affected by the disease or who are likely to develop it before cures become routinely available. In this review, we will firstly summarize some of the major complications of diabetes, including endothelial and pancreatic islets dysfunction, retinopathy, and nephropathy, and then discuss the emerging roles exerted by the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) to counteract these ranges of pathologies that are precipitated by the prolonged hyperglycemic state. Finally, we will describe the main signalling routes activated by the peptide and propose possible future directions to focus on developing more effective peptide-based therapies to treat the major complications associated with longstanding diabetes.


2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tony Yang ◽  
Gilbert Gimm

The call for family and medical leave reform in the United States was largely the result of sweeping demographic shifts that occurred in the workforce after the 1950s, coupled with an ever-increasing life expectancy and changing social norms concerning the role of women as caretakers. By the early 1990s, the number of women in the workforce had nearly tripled from 1950. During that same period, life expectancy increased by six years for males and seven for females. Meanwhile, the first wave of the Depression-era generation began to reach the age of retirement. In short, the parents of American workers were living longer and retiring in greater numbers while more women, who were more likely to be informal caregivers, decided to join the workforce. As a result, many families with ill or elder parents began to turn to institutional long-term care.


Author(s):  
Evi Aninatin Nimatul Choiriyah ◽  
Abdul Kafi ◽  
Irma Faikhotul Hikmah ◽  
Imam Wahyudi Indrawan

As a pillar of Islam and an instrument for poverty alleviation, zakat is perceived as aneffective tool for tackling the problem of poverty in the Muslim world. However,whether zakat is effective in improving indicators of both quantity and quality ofpoverty is still a question requiring empirical investigation. This study is aims toempirically investigate the role of impactful zakat in poverty alleviation as indicated bythe BAZNAS prosperity index (Indeks Kesejahteraan BAZNAS or IKB), at provinciallevel in Indonesia. This study covers annual data from 28 provinces in Indonesia forthe years 2017 and 2018. Data analysis uses a panel-data approach, with threeindicators of poverty – the poverty headcount ratio (P0), poverty gap index (P1), andpoverty severity index (P2) – as dependent variables. The study finds that higherBAZNAS IKB, used as a sign of impactful zakat, significantly reduces P0 but hasinsignificant effect on P1 and P2. The results of this study imply that zakat managersshould put emphasis on the poorest section of the poor population to enableimprovements in poverty indicators through zakat utilization.


1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Curtis

Despite long-term interest in poverty in the United States, and the increasing role of applied and practicing anthropologists as producers and consumers of policy research, anthropologists have not yet had much impact on the welfare policy debate. That debate rests on certain widespread assumptions about the causes and consequences of poverty, the characteristics of the poor, and the effectiveness of proposals to eliminate poverty. As Brett Williams points out, discussions of poverty and welfare have been dominated by economists, who count and classify the poor, and journalists, who depict the poor as isolated and pathological ("Poverty Among African Americans in the Urban United States," Human Organization 51,2[1992]:164-174).


eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M Ramos-Lobo ◽  
Pryscila DS Teixeira ◽  
Isadora C Furigo ◽  
Helen M Melo ◽  
Natalia de M Lyra e Silva ◽  
...  

Leptin regulates energy balance and also exhibits neurotrophic effects during critical developmental periods. However, the actual role of leptin during development is not yet fully understood. To uncover the importance of leptin in early life, the present study restored leptin signaling either at the fourth or tenth week of age in mice formerly null for the leptin receptor (LepR) gene. We found that some defects previously considered irreversible due to neonatal deficiency of leptin signaling, including the poor development of arcuate nucleus neural projections, were recovered by LepR reactivation in adulthood. However, LepR deficiency in early life led to irreversible obesity via suppression of energy expenditure. LepR reactivation in adulthood also led to persistent reduction in hypothalamic Pomc, Cartpt and Prlh mRNA expression and to defects in the reproductive system and brain growth. Our findings revealed that early defects in leptin signaling cause permanent metabolic, neuroendocrine and developmental problems.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
V. A. Kapitanov ◽  
A. A. Ivanova ◽  
A. Y. Maksimova

The aim of the work is to test the well-known prediction of Karl Marx about the tendency to reduce the income of the proletariat under capitalism. The United States has been selected as the object of study as an advanced capitalist country with a relatively weakly developed public sector of the economy compared to other advanced capitalist countries and relatively small social transfers.  In this work, by income reduction, we mean a massive phenomenon, involving at least 10% of the population and lasting for at least 10 years.  The cyclical nature of the capitalist economy leads to sharp fluctuations in the income of the population, because of which problems arise during data processing: the downward trends can only be detected at sufficiently large intervals of time.  Considering this, as research methods were the study of the largest possible amount of heterogeneous data. Direct data on the income of various statistical units, adopted in American statistics families, households, individuals, persons, direct data on wages, as well as indirect data on quality of life – long-term changes in average people height, life expectancy, specific number of prisoners were reviewed in this paper.  All studied sources confirm the assumption of a long-term (approximately since 1969) decrease in the income of the majority (> 50%) or at least a significant proportion of the US population.  All data presented in the article are the estimates below. In fact, the share of the population subject to a decrease in income is higher, and the depth of the fall in income is greater. The consumer price indices, used in the processing of data do not take into account the greater susceptibility of income of the poor to the influence of inflation; the indices do not take into account the hidden increase in prices for the goods associated with the deterioration of their quality. Externalities, connected with the economic growth are not considered, the poor primarily affect the influence of which.  It is shown that the decline in income is deep enough to have negative physiological consequences – the growth of at least 50% of the population is reduced, the life expectancy of at least 15 ... 30% (depending on the source) of the population falls.  It is noted that the physiological consequences of a decrease in income  have a gender asymmetry – reducing the average median body height and a decrease in life expectancy is more pronounced for women than for men, despite the trend of equalization of incomes/wages for men and women.  The decline in income is deep enough to have negative social consequences: in 1969, it led to a transition from a stable number of prisoners for decades to exponential growth; peak values of the specific number of prisoners in the 2000s are seven times higher than the level of 1969.  As a reason for the decline in income, the hypothesis about the impact of rising US immigration was presented and rejected.  


Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite Ribés-Alegría

Today, the process by which professionals select and consider the quality of programmes is very easy: they estimate the size of the audience and if a programme has a high audience, it means that it is good. This is a simple rule that makes that all the televisions offer low-quality contents. Many authors prove this fact in their studies and they complain about the poor quality of programmes that are broadcast in all channels. Moreover, they ask for the creation of an institution that regulates this situation because they consider that the action of the government and its regulations are not enough to guarantee the quality of television. Because of these reasons, this study expects to reflect the need to create an independent institution that regulates the operation of television to ensure and guarantee its quality and to keep it working as a public service. We would also like to show that a good solution is the creation of audiovisual councils. To prove it, this paper will first focus on the Catalonia Broadcasting Council and its functions and will then deal with the need of a state audiovisual council. La hipótesis que señaló Postman en 1985 en la que afirmaba que «la televisión reduce cualquier tipo de contenidos a un común denominador: la cultura del entretenimiento» parece haberse confirmado. Así, aquella televisión que nació como servicio público, es decir, que defendía la producción y emisión de una programación, integrada por programas diversificados en todo tipo de géneros, con el fin de atender las necesidades democráticas, sociales y culturales del conjunto de los ciudadanos, parece haber olvidado sus funciones reduciéndolas a la espectacularización y, por tanto, al entretenimiento. La televisión ha sufrido cambios importantes en su parrilla de programación. Así, se ha diluido la frontera entre el género informativo y el espectáculo, surgiendo nuevos géneros cuya clasificación se sitúa entre la información, el entretenimiento y el espectáculo, a los que Prado et al. (1999) han pasado a designar como subgéneros del Info-Show. Hoy en día subgéneros del info-show, tales como el periodismo satírico, el reality game, el periodismo de entretenimiento, etc. que se traducen en programas como «Gran Hermano», «La Casa de tu vida», «Crónicas Marcianas», «Homo Zapping», etc., son verdaderos fenómenos televisivos. ¿Representan este tipo de programas a todos los géneros? ¿Fomentan la cohesión social? ¿Responden a una televisión de calidad? A través de la presente comunicación se pretende constatar la inoperatividad del Estado ante esta cuestión y la necesidad de la creación de organismos independientes que promuevan, de forma no coercitiva, la autorregulación de los contenidos audiovisuales. Pensamos que este trabajo sólo puede ser desempeñado por los Consejos Audiovisuales, ya que únicamente una entidad independiente y plural puede adoptar decisiones socialmente legitimadas en materia de contenidos. Esta es una realidad que ya se empieza a dar en algunas Comunidades Autónomas (como Cataluña, Navarra o Madrid), pero que tiene pendiente su desarrollo en el ámbito estatal y en algunas zonas del territorio español como en la Comunidad Valenciana. Por todo ello, consideramos oportuno observar su trayectoria y descubrir sus principales funciones, en especial en el caso de Cataluña, donde opera el «Consell de l’Audiovisual de Catalunya (CAC)» desde el año 2000, examinando su grado de eficiencia en estos últimos años y su incidencia en la mejora de la calidad de la oferta televisiva.


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