scholarly journals Expression of Recombinant Human Glucocerebrosidase Protein in Sunflowers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0018
Author(s):  
Al-Dallee Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Farming ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Colony Pcr ◽  
Plant Expression Vector ◽  
Modern Biotechnology

Molecular farming has become one of the most significant implementations of modern biotechnology to generate modified plant crops to produce medicinal proteins. Agrobacterium is one plant genetic engineering tool that integrates genes of interest inside a host plant.  In recent years, the need to produce recombinant proteins as therapeutics has growing rapidly, and human glucocerebrosidase is one of the proteins that is need to treat disease. In this study, specific primers were designed to amplify Hu-GBA1 gene from constructed pGEM-GBA plasmid which was cloned into the plant expression vector pCAMBIA1304. The generated recombinant pCAMBIA1304-GBA plasmid was used to transform A. tumefaciens LBA4404 and applied for transformation of sunflower cotyledon explants. Colony PCR technique was used to confirm the presence of Hu-GBA1 gene in transformed A. tumefaciens. Agrobacterium containing pCAMBIA1304-GBA was suspended in Infection Medium (IM) supplement with 200 mM acetosyringone. A bacterial suspension was used to transform sunflower cotyledons. After infection, cotyledons were co-cultivated in Co-cultivation medium (CCM), supplied with 200 mM acetosyringone without antibiotics. The cotyledons were then transferred to selection media containing 7.5 mg/L Hygromycin and 250 mg/L Cefotaxime and grown for additional 14 days at 25℃ in photoperiod of  16h L/8h D. The transformed sunflower cotyledons were successfully generated complete plant with used 6-Benzylaminopurine and Naphthalene acetic acid as growth hormones. The presence of the Hu-GBA1 gene in the genomic DNA of transgenic sunflower plant was proven by PCR as a band of 1561bp size. The GBA mRNA expression in modified sunflowers was detected by qRT-PCR compared with control GBA mRNA. Enzyme Linked Immunoassay was done on crude recombinant protein that extracted from transformed sunflower using Human Glucosylceramide ELISA Kit, the Elisa test results confirmed the production of recombinant glucocerebrosidase and the concentration of crude recombinant enzyme extracted from transformed sunflower with GBA1 gene was 0.45 ng/µl

scholarly journals Expression of Recombinant Human Glucocerebrosidase Protein in Sunflowers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0018
Author(s):  
Al-Dallee Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Farming ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Colony Pcr ◽  
Plant Expression Vector ◽  
Modern Biotechnology

Molecular farming has become one of the most significant implementations of modern biotechnology to generate modified plant crops to produce medicinal proteins. Agrobacterium is one plant genetic engineering tool that integrates genes of interest inside a host plant.  In recent years, the need to produce recombinant proteins as therapeutics has growing rapidly, and human glucocerebrosidase is one of the proteins that is need to treat disease. In this study, specific primers were designed to amplify Hu-GBA1 gene from constructed pGEM-GBA plasmid which was cloned into the plant expression vector pCAMBIA1304. The generated recombinant pCAMBIA1304-GBA plasmid was used to transform A. tumefaciens LBA4404 and applied for transformation of sunflower cotyledon explants. Colony PCR technique was used to confirm the presence of Hu-GBA1 gene in transformed A. tumefaciens. Agrobacterium containing pCAMBIA1304-GBA was suspended in Infection Medium (IM) supplement with 200 mM acetosyringone. A bacterial suspension was used to transform sunflower cotyledons. After infection, cotyledons were co-cultivated in Co-cultivation medium (CCM), supplied with 200 mM acetosyringone without antibiotics. The cotyledons were then transferred to selection media containing 7.5 mg/L Hygromycin and 250 mg/L Cefotaxime and grown for additional 14 days at 25℃ in photoperiod of  16h L/8h D. The transformed sunflower cotyledons were successfully generated complete plant with used 6-Benzylaminopurine and Naphthalene acetic acid as growth hormones. The presence of the Hu-GBA1 gene in the genomic DNA of transgenic sunflower plant was proven by PCR as a band of 1561bp size. The GBA mRNA expression in modified sunflowers was detected by qRT-PCR compared with control GBA mRNA. Enzyme Linked Immunoassay was done on crude recombinant protein that extracted from transformed sunflower using Human Glucosylceramide ELISA Kit, the Elisa test results confirmed the production of recombinant glucocerebrosidase and the concentration of crude recombinant enzyme extracted from transformed sunflower with GBA1 gene was 0.45 ng/µl

Automated Latex Agglutination and ELISA Testing Yield Equivalent D-Dimer Results in Patients with Recent Myocardial Infarction

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1412-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Zareba ◽  
John Horan ◽  
Arthur Moss ◽  
Joel Kanouse ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coronary Death ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Strong Linear Correlation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryOur previous prospective study of post-infarction patients described a strong and significant association of increased plasma D-dimer concentrations in those who experienced a subsequent coronary death or non-fatal myocardial infarction. In the present study, we compare results on stored plasma obtained two months after the index myocardial infarction from 1,038 patients of this trial, using a simple automated latex agglutination (LA) assay in parallel with the standard ELISA test. Results show a somewhat higher mean value for the LA assay (702 ± 1092 vs. 638 ± 986 ng/ml, p = 0.0002), a strong linear correlation of the two assays (r = 0.86) and 88% agreement for values below 500 ng/ml by the ELISA test. D-dimer concentrations determined by each assay were highly correlated in patients with subsequent coronary artery events (p = 0.93) and quartile values for both the LA and ELISA were equally predictive of such events (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). This is the first demonstration that a latex agglutination assay for D-dimer can be used to assess the prognostic risk of recurrent coronary thrombotic disease after myocardial infarction

scholarly journals Study of ELISA and antibiotic sensitivity test for Salmonella enteritidis as experimental infection in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Bacterial Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity ◽  
Tract Infections

Salmonella enteritidis one of more important as epidemiological bacteria between other salmonella types. It is very important pathologically that cause food poising and gastrointestinal tract infections. This study includes some of immunological changes that appear by ELISA test and antibiotic sensitivity test against these bacteria in mice. ELISA test results appears high immunological response happen after 3 days of inoculation, mean titration readings beginning 0.198 and the maximum mean titration after 15 days of inoculation 1.538 and begin to decrease after this time slowly to remain about 0.297 after 40 days of inoculation. An antibiotics sensitivity test result appears, this bacteria sensitive to Chloramphenicol, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin and Cotrimaxazol. Resistance to Neomycin, Streptomycin and Rifampicin, while intermediate against Ampicilin and Amoxicillin. Another test we use Vitek system to know bacterial sensitivity against to more another types of antibiotics and to confirm between some of them.

scholarly journals DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC PRODUCTS REDUCES ANXIETY IN MICE AGAINST ELECTRON BEAM RADIATION INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 028-032
Author(s):  
Suchetha Kumari N. ◽  
Madhu L N.
Keyword(s):  
Children With Autism ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Electron Beam Radiation ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Radiation Induced

Abstract Background: Cortisol is a hormonal marker of stress which gets released into the blood by adrenal glands during a stressful situation. Mothers of children with autism will usually be experiencing great psychological trauma and therefore will be under high levels of stress. This stress might disturb the health and normal physiology of these mothers thus there is a need for study on the stress markers like cortisol in mothers of children with autism. Materials and Methods: Saliva of 20 mothers of children with autism and 20 mothers of healthy children were collected during early hours of the day (8 – 8.30 am) and during evenings (4 – 4.15 pm) subjected for cortisol assay using ELISA test. RESULTS: Mothers of children with autism were found to have significantly lower levels of salivary cortisol throughout the day as compared to mothers of healthy children. Conclusion: There is a need for interventions for mothers of children with autism

scholarly journals First Report of Ratoon Stunt of Sugarcane Caused by Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli in Pakistan

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1581-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-Z. Hussnain ◽  
S. Afghan ◽  
M.-I. Haq ◽  
S.-M. Mughal ◽  
A. Shahazad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Serological Reaction ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
First Report ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Punjab Province

Sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids), the second largest cash crop of Pakistan, is planted on 1.029 million ha with an annual production of 50 million tons. During a survey of the sugarcane crop in Faisalabad, Sargodha, and the Dera Ghazi Khan Division of the Punjab Province of Pakistan from 2007 to 2010, symptoms consistent with ratoon stunting, including stunted growth and reddening of the vascular bundles at the nodal regions (1), was observed on sugarcane cvs. CP77-400, SPF-241, CP72-2086, and NCo-310. CP72-2086 and NCo-310 showed severely stunted growth in both crop cycles. A chemical test was performed for detecting ratoon stunt from the field. Longitudinal sections of mature nodes were treated with a combination of hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid. Healthy canes developed a blue-green color in the parenchymatous tissue around the fibrovascular bundles, diseased cane did not. This field test illustrated that as much as 25% of the plants were infected by ratoon stunt in the survey area. Aerobic bacteria were isolated from a stunted sample (NCo-310) on modified sugarcane medium (17 g of cornmeal agar, 8 g of peptone from soy meal, 1 g of K2HPO4, 1 g of KH2PO4, 0.2 g of MgSO4·7H2O, 0.5 g of glucose, 1 g of cysteinefree base, 2 g of bovine serum albumin, and 15 mg of bovine hemin chloride) and incubated for 3 to 4 weeks at 28°C. Light, off-white, round, and raised growth bacterial colonies (1.5 to 4.5 × 0.2 to 0.35 μm). Isolates were positive for the gram and catalase reactions and negative for oxidase, aesculin hydrolysis, urease production, and motility. The pathogen was identified as Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (formerly Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli) based on its morphological characteristics (2). A direct antigen coating-ELISA was developed with antiserum raised against L. xyli subsp. xyli at the National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Infected or suspected to be infected plants of different cultivars were used for an ELISA test. Results showed that sugarcane cvs. NCo-310 (Log 1.342 CFU/ml) and CP72-2086 (Log 0.118 CFU/ml) had higher L. xyli subsp. xyli titres than the other cultivars tested (SPF-213 [Log 0.071CFU/ml], CPF-237 [Log 0.077CFU/ml], HSF-240 [Log 0.069 CFU/ml], NSG-555 [Log 0.060 CFU/ml], SPSG-26 [Log 0.076 CFU/ml], SPSG-79 [Log 0.074 CFU/ml], SPF-238 [Log 0.057 CFU/ml], and CP77-400 [Log 0.063 CFU/ml]). Cv. SPF-241 (Log 0.107 CFU/ml) was weakly positive for ratoon stunt (4). Axillary buds of sugarcane were injected via a sterile hypodermic syringe with an 18-gauge needle to deliver a bacterial suspension of 109 cells/ml (3). Inoculated sugarcane plants were examined at intervals over 9 months for the development of symptoms and the presence of bacteria. Cultivars were evaluated on the basis of average number of colonized vascular bundles. SPF-213, CPF-237, HSF-240, NSG-555, SPSG-26, SPSG-79, SPF-238, and CP77-400 were resistant; SPF-241 showed moderate resistance and CP72-2086 and NCo-310 were highly susceptible to ratoon stunt. The pathogen was reisolated from the inoculated plants and identified as L. xyli subsp. xyli by bacteriological tests and its serological reaction. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ratoon stunt of sugarcane in Punjab Province of Pakistan. References: (1) M. J. Davis et al. Science 210:1365, 1980. (2) L. I. Evtushenko et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50:371, 2000. (3) M. P. Nayiager et al. Phytopathol. Z. 99:273, 1980. (4) G.-P. Rao and G.-P. Singh. Sugar Tech. 2:35, 2000.

scholarly journals Comparison of rapid cassette test and micro ELISA method for Helicobacter pylori diagnosis in patients with gastric complaints

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadik Akgun ◽  
Sezgin Barutcu ◽  
Sumeyya Capuk ◽  
Arzu Tanriverdi ◽  
Serihan Kübra Emikoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Study Results ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a significant contributor of various gastrointestinal disorders and cancers all around the world. Its diagnosis is dependent on several qualitative and quantitative methods. The present study aims to compare the results of rapid cassette and micro ELISA test methods for diagnosis of H. pylori and determining associations with patient endoscopy reports. Methods: The study was performed using blood samples collected from 224 patients (142 (63%) females and 82 (37%) males) in various clinics between January 2018 and August 2019, which were sent to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Training Hospital. Serum samples obtained after centrifugation of the blood samples were initially tested with rapid H. pylori IgG cassette method, and afterwards in the auto analyzer using ELISA assays specific for H. pylori. Results: Upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy was performed in 88 of these patients, and biopsy results confirmed definitive diagnosis of H. pylori infection in 63 of the patients. Rapid H. pylori cassette test results of the 224 patients were negative for 158 (70.5%) patients and positive for 66 (29.5%) patients, whereas micro ELISA IgA test results were negative for 110 (49.1%) patients and positive for 114 (50.9%) patients. Micro ELISA IgG test results were negative for 85 (37.9%) patients and positive for 139 (62.1%) patients. Conclusions: Invasive diagnostic methods for H. pylori infection may sometimes be inconvenient, and therefore the diagnosis may have to rely on non-invasive tests. Bases on the study results, we believe micro ELISA test results are more reliable with regard to avoidance of missed diagnosis. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Rapid casette test, ELISA, Gastric ulcer

scholarly journals First Report of Strawberry Crown Rot Caused by Xanthomonas fragariae in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Song ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Rong Zeng ◽  
Shi-gang Gao ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
First Report ◽  
Xanthomonas Fragariae

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a kind of fruit with great economic importance and widely cultivated in the world. From 2019 to 2020, a serious crown rot disease was sporadically observed in several strawberry cultivars including ‘Zhang Ji’, ‘Hong Yan’ and ‘Yue Xiu’ in Shanghai, China. Initially, water-soaked rot appeared in inner tissue of strawberry crown, then progressed into browning and hollowing symptoms accompanied with yellow discolorations of young leaves. To isolate and identify the causal agent, small pieces of tissue taken from ten diseased crowns were sterilized by 70% alcohol. The cut-up pieces were macerated and serially diluted. The dilutions were placed on nutrient agar (NA) medium. After incubation at 25°C for 4-5 days, the yellow bacterial colonies were tiny and were streaked on NA plate for purification. The colonies were yellow, mucoid, smooth-margined, and five independent representative colonies were used for further confirmation. To confirm the species identity of the bacterial, genomic DNA was extracted from the five representative isolates, and 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using universal primers 27F/1492R. The 16S rRNA sequence was deposited in GenBank (MW725235) and showed 99% nucleotide similarity with Xanthomonas fragariae strain LMG 708 (NR_026318). The isolate’s identity was further confirmed by X. fragariae-specific primers XF9/XF12 (Roberts et al. 1996). All five isolates could be detected by XF9/XF12 primer. To confirm Koch’s postulates, five healthy strawberry plants were placed in 1000 ml glass beakers by submerging the cutting wound in 50 ml the bacterial suspension of 108 CFU/ml. Five additional strawberry plants treated with sterilized water served as a control. The beakers containing inoculated plants were sealed with plastic film at 25°C. Water-soaked rot appeared on internal tissue of crown similar to those observed in the field within 10-12 days after inoculation, while the control samples remained healthy. The bacteria were re-isolated from rot of inoculated crowns, and confirmed by X. fragariae-specific primers XF9/XF12. X. fragariae has been reported to cause angular leaf spot on strawberry in China (Wang et al. 2017; Wu et al., 2020). It’s also found that X. fragariae could systematically infect crown tissue (Milholland et al. 1996; Mahuku and Goodwin, 1997). To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. fragariae causing strawberry crown rot in China. This report increased our understanding of X. fragariae, and showed that the spread of this disease might seriously threaten the development of strawberry industry in the future

scholarly journals Development of a Method to Detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the Blood of Farmed Deer Using Actiphage® Rapid

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Kubala ◽  
Tania M. Perehinec ◽  
Catherine Evans ◽  
Andrea Pirovano ◽  
Benjamin M. C. Swift ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Ficoll Gradient ◽  
Blood Lysis ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Cattle Blood

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease, which is an economically and clinically relevant pathogen for commercial deer production. The purpose of this study was to develop a method that could be used to rapidly detect MAP infection in deer using the Actiphage Rapid blood test. This test has previously been used to detect MAP in cattle blood following the purification of buffy coat using Ficoll gradients, however this method is quite laborious and costly. The purpose of this study was to develop a simpler method of blood preparation that was also compatible with deer blood and the Actiphage test. Initially differential lysis of RBCs using Ammonium Chloride-Potassium (ACK) blood lysis buffer was compared with the Ficoll gradient centrifugation method using cattle blood samples for compatibility with the Actiphage reagents, and it was found that the simpler ACK method did not have an impact on the Actiphage test reagents, producing an equivalent sensitivity for detection of low levels of MAP. When the two methods were compared using clinical blood samples from farmed deer, the ACK lysis method resulted in a cleaner sample. When a blinded test of 132 animals from 4 different production groups was carried out, the majority of the positive test results were found to be from animals in just one group, with a small number identified in a second group. The test results were found to be reproducible when a small set of positive animals were tested again 1 month after their initial testing. Finally a set of negative animals which had been previously screened using an ELISA test, all animals gave a negative Actiphage result. This study shows that this improved sample preparation method and Actiphage blood testing can be used to test blood samples from deer, and the full diagnostic potential of the method can now be evaluated.

scholarly journals Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Sebagai Metode untuk Melacak Bruselosis pada Sapi Perah (INDIRECT ENZYME IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (I-ELISA) AS METHOD FOR DETECT BRUCELLOSIS IN DAIRY COW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Rinaldi Ghurafa ◽  
Denny Widaya Lukman ◽  
Hadri Latif
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Alternative Test ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
Good Agreement

Brucellosis has become a zoonotic disease that received attention in efforts to prevent and eradicate strategic infectious animal diseases in Indonesia. Brucellosis can be detected early by the rose bengal test (RBT), followed by complement fixation test (CFT) and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The aims of this research was to study the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test (I-ELISA) as an alternative test for detecting brucellosis in dairy cattle. The method was used by conducting tests of RBT, CFT, I-ELISA and commercial I-ELISA to test brucellosis. The test results were calculated sensitivity and specificity, as well as analyzed by calculating the kappa value. The method was used by conducting tests of RBT, CFT, I-ELISA and commercial I-ELISA to test brucellosis. The test results were calculated for sensitivity and specificity, as well as analyzed by calculating the Kappa statistical value. The results of the sensitivity and specificity calculation showed that the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) test developed a higher sensitivity (100%) compared to RBT test (93.75%) and commercial I-ELISA (93.75%). The developed I-ELISA specificity (74.68%) was still lower than RBT (89.87%), but higher than commercial I-ELISA (70.52%). The calculation of the statistical value of kappa RBT with CFT showed the kappa value 0.7120 which meaned it had a good agreement, commercial I-ELISA with CFT showed kappa value 0.6165 which meaned it had good suitability, whereas I-ELISA developed with CFT showed kappa value 0.4984 which meaned having a moderate agreement.In conclusion, the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) which had been developed had low specificity, but the sensitivity was the highest compared to the commercial I-ELISA test and RBT, so this test was appropriate to be used as a screening test, especially in dairy cows movement into brucellosis-free areas or regions.

Novel Method for ELISA Traces Pipetting System by Air Displacement Pipetting

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Qing Zhu ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Yun Xiao Na ◽  
Yang Kuan Guo ◽  
Ming Li Dong
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Real ◽  
Novel Method

In the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, many steps need traces pipetting. The ELISA test results will be different when we use different pipetting ways. Our traces pipetting system is based on the air displacement pipetting principle, comparable to the functioning of hand pipettes. It is applied pressure sensor to realize pressure-based liquid level detection (pLLD) and aspiration monitoring. The monitored system can distinguish the following situations: (1) a correct aspiration; (2) cup empty; (3) tip-blocked; (4) bubbles. Using the air displacement principle into traces pipetting can avoid contamination or dilution by system liquids, and problems with corroded tubing, pumps, etc. It applied pressure sensor to realize pLLD and aspiration monitoring. The results of the real-time monitor module on air displacement pipetting show that the traces pipetting system can agilely distinguish the different liquid pipetting situations. The method of air displacement pipetting offered an effective way for ELISA traces pipetting system.

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