More on Brain and Semiosis: Can We Find a Point in Neuronets?

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Chernigovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Direct Testing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Neurophysiological Basis ◽  
Person Experience ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions ◽  
Human Specific

The paper discusses semiotic aspects of higher human functions and a possibility and relevance of traditional search for their neurophysiological basis. The state of the art on the subject is reviewed and the lack of data on anthropological specificity for reasoning, thinking, language and its AI modeling is highlighted. Experimental neuroscience presumes that if we know the characteristics of neu­rons and their connections, we automatically understand what mind and con­sciousness are. However, it is evident that such a paradigm does not allow us to get relevant answers to the main questions. I argue that the problem should be dealt with not only within the field of neurophysiology proper. Rather, such re­search should involve exploring the 'archeology' of mental processes as they are revealed in arts as well as in other symbolic spaces. The paper discusses the ade­quacy of physiological methodology when it is employed to demonstrate brain mechanisms of higher functions. Besides, I explore the relevance of juxta­posing similar data from other biological and artificial intelligent systems. I view language processing, mind and reasoning and 1st person experience (qualia) as human specific features, and questions the possibility of direct testing these phenomena. The paper links genetic, anthropological and neurophysio­logical data to semiotic activity and semiosphere formation as the basis for com­munication. The paper discusses the place of humans in the changing world in the context of new cognitive dimensions.

Not is Not "Not" Comparisons of Negation in SQL and Negation in Logic Programming

2002 ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
James D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
False Information ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

Logic programming presents an excellent paradigm within which to develop intelligent systems. In addition to the routine sorts of reasoning we would expect such a system to perform, the state of the art in logic programming allows one to reason explicitly about false information, to reason explicitly about unknown or uncertain information (the subject of this chapter), and to reason introspectively in spite of holding multiple competing ways of viewing the world. Each of these abilities are necessary forms of reasoning, and each are lacking from current technology. Needless to say, each of these abilities are also lacking from relational databases. In this chapter, the focus is upon the expressive power of weak negation in logic programming. Weak negation is not well understood and can be easily confused with negation in SQL. In particular, some may falsely equate weak negation with the “not exists” clause of SQL. It is true that both forms of negation do have some similarity. However, the expressive power of weak negation far exceeds that of “not exists” in SQL. To a much lesser extent, we shall also consider strong negation in logic programming.

PLANEJAMENTO FAMILIAR COMO ASSUNTO DE MULHER!? PERFIL DE GÊNERO NA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NO BRASIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella De Paula Chiesa ◽  
Mário Antônio Sanches ◽  
Daiane Priscila Simão-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Subject

O estudo do Planejamento familiar, no contexto da bioética, abre-se para diversas perspectivas, entre elas a valorização dos seus diferentes atores. Situado neste contexto o artigo tem como objetivo identificar o perfil de gênero na produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil, entre 2000 e 2014, assim como a área de formação e especialização dos autores. Foram utilizadas metodologias que permitiram mapear o estado da arte do tema estudado, a partir de uma revisão da literatura. O resultado da pesquisa identifica que a produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil se compõe de perfil destacadamente feminino (71,76%). Dos 73 artigos analisados, 42 (57,53%) o foco do tema está direcionado à mulher assim como evidencia-se a área de ciências da saúde com maior concentração das publicações do tema.  Este aspecto da pesquisa abre para uma realidade complexa onde se buscam criticamente as razões para a pesquisa em Planejamento Familiar ter ênfase na mulher e ser um tema de relevância nas ciências da saúde.Palavras-chave: Produção científica, Planejamento Familiar, Gênero.  ABSTRACT: The study of Family Planning, in the context of bioethics, opens to diverse perspectives, among them the appreciation of their different agents. Situated in this context the article aims to identify the profile of gender in scientific literature on Family Planning in Brazil, between 2000 and 2014, as well as the area of training and specialization of the authors. Methodologies were used which allowed to map the State of the art of the subject studied, from a review of the literature. The results found identify that the scientific production on Family Planning in Brazil is formed with a outstandingly female profile (71,76%). Of the 73 articles examined, 42 (57.53%) the focus of the topic is directed to women as well as showing the health sciences area with highest concentration of publications. This aspect of the research opens to a complex reality where we seek critically the reasons for Research in Family Planning have emphasis on woman and be a topic of relevance in health sciences.Keywords: Scientific Production, Family Planning, Gender.

A Systematic Literature Review of the EFQM Excellence Model from 1991 to 2019

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
Petr Bris
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
European Foundation ◽  
The Subject

A systematic literature review (SLR) from 1991 to 2019 is carried out about EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) excellence model in this paper. The aim of the paper is to present state of the art in quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model that will guide future research lines in this field. The articles were searched with the help of six strings and these six strings were executed in three popular databases i.e. Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Around 584 peer-reviewed articles examined, which are directly linked with the subject of quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model. About 108 papers were chosen finally, then the purpose, data collection, conclusion, contributions, and type of quantitative of the selected papers are discussed and analyzed briefly in this study. Thus, this study identifies the focus areas of the researchers and knowledge gaps in empirical quantitative literature on the EFQM excellence model. This article also presents the lines of future research.

Report on the 4th Joint Workshop on Bibliometric-Enhanced Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing for Digital Libraries at SIGIR 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Muthu Kumar Chandrasekaran ◽  
Philipp Mayr
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Shared Task ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
Joint Workshop

The 4 th joint BIRNDL workshop was held at the 42nd ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2019) in Paris, France. BIRNDL 2019 intended to stimulate IR researchers and digital library professionals to elaborate on new approaches in natural language processing, information retrieval, scientometrics, and recommendation techniques that can advance the state-of-the-art in scholarly document understanding, analysis, and retrieval at scale. The workshop incorporated different paper sessions and the 5 th edition of the CL-SciSumm Shared Task.

Learning emotional word embeddings for sentiment analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Qingtian Zeng ◽  
Xishi Zhao ◽  
Xiaohui Hu ◽  
Hua Duan ◽  
Zhongying Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Emotional Word ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Word Embeddings ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Text Documents

Word embeddings have been successfully applied in many natural language processing tasks due to its their effectiveness. However, the state-of-the-art algorithms for learning word representations from large amounts of text documents ignore emotional information, which is a significant research problem that must be addressed. To solve the above problem, we propose an emotional word embedding (EWE) model for sentiment analysis in this paper. This method first applies pre-trained word vectors to represent document features using two different linear weighting methods. Then, the resulting document vectors are input to a classification model and used to train a text sentiment classifier, which is based on a neural network. In this way, the emotional polarity of the text is propagated into the word vectors. The experimental results on three kinds of real-world data sets demonstrate that the proposed EWE model achieves superior performances on text sentiment prediction, text similarity calculation, and word emotional expression tasks compared to other state-of-the-art models.

Towards corpus and model: Hierarchical structured-attention-based features for Indonesian named entity recognition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yingwen Fu ◽  
Nankai Lin ◽  
Xiaotian Lin ◽  
Shengyi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Named Entity Recognition ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Neural Models ◽  
Performance Models ◽  
Named Entity ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Benchmark Datasets

Named entity recognition (NER) is fundamental to natural language processing (NLP). Most state-of-the-art researches on NER are based on pre-trained language models (PLMs) or classic neural models. However, these researches are mainly oriented to high-resource languages such as English. While for Indonesian, related resources (both in dataset and technology) are not yet well-developed. Besides, affix is an important word composition for Indonesian language, indicating the essentiality of character and token features for token-wise Indonesian NLP tasks. However, features extracted by currently top-performance models are insufficient. Aiming at Indonesian NER task, in this paper, we build an Indonesian NER dataset (IDNER) comprising over 50 thousand sentences (over 670 thousand tokens) to alleviate the shortage of labeled resources in Indonesian. Furthermore, we construct a hierarchical structured-attention-based model (HSA) for Indonesian NER to extract sequence features from different perspectives. Specifically, we use an enhanced convolutional structure as well as an enhanced attention structure to extract deeper features from characters and tokens. Experimental results show that HSA establishes competitive performance on IDNER and three benchmark datasets.

History of Mathematics in the Islamic World: The Present State of the Art

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Berggren
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
Islamic Mathematics

In Recent Years, many discoveries in the history of Islamic mathematics have not been reported outside the specialist literature, even though they raise issues of interest to a larger audience. Thus, our aim in writing this survey is to provide to scholars of Islamic culture an account of the major themes and discoveries of the last decade of research on the history of mathematics in the Islamic world. However, the subject of mathematics comprised much more than what a modern mathematician might think of as belonging to mathematics, so our survey is an overview of what may best be called the “mathematical sciences” in Islam; that is, in addition to such topics as arithmetic, algebra, and geometry we will also be interested in mechanics, optics, and mathematical instruments.

Psycholinguistics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Research Tools

Psycholinguistics encompasses the psychology of language as well as linguistic psychology. Although they might sound similar, they are actually distinct. The first is a branch of linguistics, while the latter is a subdivision of psychology. In the psychology of language, the means are the research tools adopted from psychology and the end is the study of language. However, in linguistic psychology, the means are the data derived from linguistic studies and the end is psychology. This chapter focuses on the first of these two components; that is, the psychology of language. The goal of this chapter is to give a state-of-the-art perspective on the small but growing body of research using psycholinguistic tools to study Persian with a focus on two areas: presenting longstanding debates about the mental lexicon, language impairments and language processing; and introducing a source of data for the linguistic analysis of Persian.

scholarly journals Environmental issues and international relations, a new global (dis)order - the role of International Relations in promoting a concerted international system

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Castro Pereira
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
International System ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Subject

Is it possible to talk about the rise of a new global (dis)order founded on the challenges posed by environmental issues? Through the review of the state of the art on the subject, this article analyzes the growing importance of the environment, and natural resources in particular, in international relations; and aims to raise awareness among International Relations scholars to the potential positive impact of the development of the discipline in integration with global environmental change studies.

The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
J. V. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Management Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
List Type ◽  
Industrial Training ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

During the past two years, there has been a sharp acceleration to the interest which industry has displayed in the subject of management education. This can be attributed to these factors: —(a) A more widespread realisation of the gap developing between the UK and a number of foreign economies, as manifested by diverging rates of the major economic indicators.(b) The attainment of top-management responsibilities by a younger generation of managers, many of whom had been given some earlier training and who were more conscious of its value than the incumbents of the job from earlier generations.(c) The publication of the Franks, Robbins and (in the aerospace industry) the Plowden reports.(d) The impact of the Industrial Training Boards making it manifest, in terms of serious levies, that training was an economic necessity and therefore must be investigated thoroughly.Notwithstanding the widespread awakening of interest, it is very belated and sets numerous problems. The problems are in two areas—scale and quality.

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