scholarly journals Strategi Pengentasan Kemiskinan Melalui Pekerjaan dan Distribusi Menurut As-Syaibani dan Relevansinya di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-256
Author(s):  
Syamsuri Syamsuri ◽  
Ainun Amalia Zuhroh

The topic of discussion in this research is problem of poverty that occurs in Indonesia and the poverty alleviation strategy. One of the economic problems that has become the focus of studies in various scientific fields is the reduction of poverty. Because of poverty as one of the weakness of all aspects of community life, both from the political, religious, cultural and social aspects. Always poverty is associated with employment problems and has an impact on equitable distribution policies in a country. The absence of employment opportunities for decent people and the right of the community to obtain access to affordable living necessities are additional indicators of the causes of poverty. Apart from that, the absence of a democratic government order has resulted in low acceptability and community initiatives to reduce poverty in traditional ways. By literature qualitative research methods to analyze the problems of poverty alleviation through the study of the book al-Kasb by the Muslim thinker Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin al-Hasan bin Farqad al-Syaibani. This article answers that distribution policy is the main aspect that directly affects the distribution of social welfare. Specialization and job distribution are the focus of his discussion in his book Al-Kasbu. As-Syaibani emphasized more on micro-economic problems. However, the business sector that should be prioritized according to Asy-syaibani is the agricultural sector, because agriculture is a producing business sector.Topik pembahasan dalam penelitian ini adalah masalah kemiskinan yang terjadi di Indonesia dan strategi penanggulangan kemiskinan. Salah satu masalah ekonomi yang menjadi fokus kajian di berbagai bidang keilmuan adalah penanggulangan kemiskinan. kemiskinan. Karena kemiskinan sebagai salah satu kelemahan seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat, baik dari aspek politik, agama, budaya dan sosial. Kemiskinan selalu dikaitkan dengan masalah ketenagakerjaan dan berdampak pada kebijakan distribusi yang adil di suatu negara. Tidak adanya lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat yang layak dan hak masyarakat untuk memperoleh akses terhadap kebutuhan hidup yang terjangkau menjadi indikator tambahan penyebab kemiskinan. Selain itu, ketiadaan tatanan pemerintahan yang demokratis mengakibatkan rendahnya akseptabilitas dan prakarsa masyarakat untuk mengurangi kemiskinan secara tradisional. Dengan metode penelitian kualitatif literatur untuk menganalisis permasalahan pengentasan kemiskinan melalui studi kitab al-Kasb oleh pemikir muslim Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin al-Hasan bin Farqad al-Syaibani. Artikel ini menjawab bahwa kebijakan distribusi merupakan aspek utama yang secara langsung mempengaruhi pemerataan kesejahteraan sosial. Spesialisasi dan pembagian pekerjaan menjadi fokus pembahasannya dalam bukunya Al-Kasbu. As-Syaibani lebih menekankan pada masalah mikro ekonomi. Namun sektor usaha yang harus diutamakan menurut Asy-syaibani adalah sektor pertanian, karena pertanian merupakan sektor usaha produksi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan manusia.

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 632-646
Author(s):  
Joseph A. McMahon

We are all aware that agriculture is important to developing countries as a source of income, employment and export earnings. To a far greater extent than in the OECD countries, agriculture it central to the economic performance of developing countries and the livelihood of their inhabitants. Rural societies in developing countries are directly dependent on the agricultural sector and urban dwellers rely on agriculture to provide food security and sustainable economic growth. Furthermore, many developing countries heavily rely on the export earnings or are highly dependent on food imports. Given the fact that the poorest and most threatened communities and countries are typically the most highly dependent, the resolution of pressing global agricultural policy and trade issues is critical to sustainable development and poverty alleviation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4-2) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Grigory Khanin ◽  

Due to the extremely low level of current Russian economic scientists and practitioners, we can only place our hope on the younger generation. In this regard, the article considers the textbook on Economic Theory recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation for students of 10-11th grades, currently in its 26th edition. The textbook arouses no interest, only antipathy to Economics among school students. It is unjustifiably focused on economic theory, not practice. The textbook is too complicated and boring, almost completely ignoring the economic problems of Russia and Third World countries. It is argued that the course of Economics for high school students can be not only informative and useful, but also involving. The Soviet and Russian economies are full of mysteries, which can make use of the enthusiasm school students have for solving mysteries and puzzles. The author suggests a program for a course in Economics for school students, comprising 10 new chapters, as well as a summary of the new chapters. The author also presents economic entities interested in high-quality school textbooks. The textbook recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation is compared to the previously published more informative and involving textbooks for high school students.


Author(s):  
Muhamad Rusliyadi ◽  
Wang Libin

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview description of important differences in agricultural development China and Indonesia in poverty reduction efforts in rural areas and some strategy. This chapter hopes to provide an objective picture of the development from agricultural sector level of evidence both Indonesia and China. China and Indonesia are agriculture-based countries with a program of integrated rural development as a whole to be a target of poverty reduction programs. Several farm programs related to poverty alleviation have been launched and had a good impact or significance, especially in China that is able to reduce extreme poverty from 30% in 1978 to less than 3% in 2008. Certainly many lessons can be obtained from this success, especially the concept and strategy development in rural China to be a reference of other states in its development model, especially for poverty alleviation programs.


2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Glendinning ◽  
Mark Nuttall ◽  
Leo Hendry ◽  
Marion Kloep ◽  
Sheila Wood

This study looks at young people's accounts of life in communities in rural northern Scotland, and considers in what ways affective and social aspects of community are bound up with well-being, over and above young people's concerns for the future, rural youth transitions, and out-migration. Interviews were held with 15–18 year-olds in four study areas (16 groups, N = 60+) and a parallel survey of 11–16 year-olds was conducted in eight study areas (N = 2400+). Themes to emerge from the interviews included: opportunities locally, the future and staying on, as well as local amenities and services; but older teenagers also spoke at length about their social lives, family and social networks, and their community, both as close-knit and caring and as intrusive and controlling. Rural communities were seen as good places in childhood, but not necessarily for young people. In parallel with that, the survey data paints a picture where feelings of support, control, autonomy, and attachment were all associated with emotional well-being. Importantly, links between emotional well-being and practical, material concerns were outweighed by positive identifications of community as close-knit and caring; and equally, by negative identifications as intrusive and constraining, where the latter was felt more strongly by young women. Certainly, beliefs about future employment and educational opportunities were also linked to well-being, but that was over and above, and independently of, affective and social aspects of community life. Additionally, migration intentions were also bound up with sense of self and well-being, and with feelings about community life; and links between thoughts about leaving and community life as controlling and constraining were, yet again, felt more strongly by young women. Thus, gender was a key dimension affecting young people's feelings about their communities with significant implications for well-being, and out-migration. The study illustrates the importance of understanding the experiences young people have of growing up in rural areas, and how they evaluate those experiences: particularly, how life in rural communities matters for young people's well-being; and especially, for young women.


2019 ◽  
pp. 109634801989005
Author(s):  
Panchapakesan Padma ◽  
Sundari Ramakrishna ◽  
S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh

“Nature based solutions” are innovative solutions, which are inspired from nature, and applied to contemporary societal problems such as climate change, overtourism, poverty alleviation, and so on. The research on “nature-based solutions” in tourism is rudimentary and the main objective of this study is to identify and conceptualize the nature-based solutions in tourism. For this purpose, a hybrid literature review has been conducted in the scientific fields of tourism and hospitality as well as agriculture, building sector, and urban planning. An examination of the characteristics of the nature-based solutions have led to its conceptualization based on six constituent dimensions such as empowerment of stakeholders, monitoring the state of natural environment, economic development of residents, adoption of environment-friendly solutions, and changing the mind-set of stakeholders. Finally, limitations of the current study have been identified and some recommendations for further research have been provided.


2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Boinon JP

This paper is related to the application of the land policies implemented in France in 2nd half of the 20th century, and their consequences on the economy of the agricultural sector and the operation of the farms. Starting from a framework of historical and institutional analysis, the object of this research is to analyse the economic and institutional determinants of these land policies. In France of small landowners, the existence of the right of ownership is considered as an obstacle for a fast evolution of the structures of farms which are sufficient size to implement technological progress allowing the profits of productivity. The aim of the land policy followed in France since the end of the Second World War was to encourage the development of such farms. The main measures were the statute of the tenant farming, the control of the structures and the control of the land market by the SAFER. This policy is implemented at a departmental level by the representatives of the Farmers Unions and generally supports the access to the land for young farmers or the middle-sized farmers.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Deepak Chaudhary

This paper analyzes agricultural development in terms of policy and implementation in Nepal. More than two-thirds populations in Nepal reside in the rural area and most of them depend on agriculture. Subsistence form of agriculture is common in Nepal. Rural Area and agriculture are interrelated; like two parts of the same coin. The contribution of agriculture to national Gross Domestic Product is remarkable; however, it is declining over the decades. In fact, the agricultural sector cannot attract young people; the trend of migration from rural to urban is significantly increasing. The poverty is exceedingly marked in rural Nepal. The Government of Nepal emphasizes agriculture development in for poverty alleviation. Order to alleviate poverty, rural development, and national economic growth through the policy level. However, available data and qualitative analysis reveal that the outcome from the agricultural sector is not satisfactory due to several factors. In such situation, more than half of the population has been facing food insufficiency. Because of weak policy and implementation, the agriculture sector s been suffering poor outcome. In that way, the government of Nepal along with concerned authorities should effectively implement agriculture policies in order to reduce poverty and rural development. The agriculture-rural accommodating policies and successful performance are crucial for poverty alleviation and rural development.


2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Sam ◽  
Simon K. Osei ◽  
Lucy P. Dzandu ◽  
Kirchuffs Atengble

The agricultural sector plays a decisive role in Ghana’s economy, employment, and food security. The study set out to assess the information needs of agricultural extension agents across all the agro-ecological zones of Ghana, in order to provide them with the right information. A structured field survey methodology was used for the study and 472 agricultural extension agents from 40 districts in Ghana served as the respondents. The findings of the study revealed that agricultural extension agents regularly sourced for information from books and reports; visual or pictorial information was the most preferred format for package of information. The AEAs used agricultural extension information to assist in the discharge of their work, and as a basis for advice to farmers on general farm planning and consultancy among others. Challenges identified in accessing information included inadequate information infrastructure and training avenues. The AEAs suggested that critical information infrastructure such as libraries, information centers, and databases be provided as measures to offset the challenges. The study recommended that efforts should be directed at improving extension agents’ access to information infrastructure and that different and wide-ranging media should be developed to supply information to the AEAs.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parth Malik ◽  
Ravi Shankar ◽  
Vibhuti Malik ◽  
Nitin Sharma ◽  
Tapan Kumar Mukherjee

Green chemistry has been an eye catching area of interest since the past few years. With the problem of energy crisis looming high and its constraint being particularly vulnerable on the developing economies, the need for giving alternative traditional chemistry a serious consideration as well as adequate room for development has received significant boost through the coveted efforts of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary scientific fields. Nanoscience has been the right field in this dimension as it opens up the door to multiple opportunities through enabling a number of chemical, biochemical, and biophysical transformations in a significantly easier and reliable manner. The use of nanoparticles has made the fields of catalysis, synthesis, and enzyme immobilizations as well as molecular interactions a lot much easier, rapid and easily controllable. This review article sheds light on the popular alternative synthesis routes being employed for the synthesis of nanoparticles, the pivotal being from microbes, plants, and chemical routes via sonication, microwaving, and many others.


Jurnal Akta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Hendy Hendariyadi ◽  
Jawade Hafidz ◽  
Soegianto Soegianto

Reading the deed is an obligation in every authentic deed is made, the reading of the deed by a notary is part of the verlijden or the inauguration of the reading and signing of the deed in question. If the reading of this deed is related to the making of an authentic deed which is part of perfect proof, it is clear that making a notary deed requires the real presence and physical position of the parties concerned. The purpose of this research is to analyze the Notary Public is obliged to read out the deed made based on Act No. 2 of 2014 concerning the Position of Notary Public, To analyze the legal problems of reading deeds made by the Notary, To analyze the legal consequences of deeds that are not read by a Notary based on Act No. 2 of 2014 concerning the Position of a Notary Public. The method used in this research is the method used in this research is juridical empirical, namely an approach based on applicable law and based on reality in practice. The juridical approach is used to analyze regulations that are related to the Notary Law, while the empirical approach is used to analyze the obligations of notaries in reading deeds which are seen as community behavior that has a pattern in community life that always interacts and relates to social aspects. namely an approach based on applicable law and based on reality in practice. The juridical approach is used to analyze regulations that are related to the Notary Law, while the empirical approach is used to analyze the obligations of notaries in reading deeds which are seen as community behavior that has a pattern in community life that always interacts and relates to social aspects. namely an approach based on applicable law and based on reality in practice. The juridical approach is used to analyze regulations that are related to the Notary Law, while the empirical approach is used to analyze the obligations of notaries in reading deeds which are seen as community behavior that has a pattern in community life that always interacts and relates to social aspects.The legal problem of reading deeds made by notaries, related to article 16 paragraph 7 of the Law on Notary Position regulates deviations from article 16 letter m. Where in Article 16 paragraph 7, it is stated that the reading of the deed is not mandatory, if the viewer wants the deed not to be read because the viewer has read it himself, knows and understands its contents, provided that it is stated in the cover of the deed and also on every minuta deed page initialed by the parties, and witnesses, as well as a notary. The legal consequence of the deed which is not read out by the notary based on Act No. 2 of 2014 concerning the Position of Notary Public, the deed which is not read out is still an authentic deed as long as the reasons for not reading the deed are stated.


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