The New Fiqh in A National School of Legal Thought: A Paradigm Shift in National School of Islamic Law on M. Barry Hooker’s Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Wildani Hefni
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
National School ◽  
State Authority

The polemic of the domain between religious regulation and state authority in the national school of Islamic law in Indonesia seems to be endlessly debated by Indonesian and Western Scholars, Muslim as well as non-muslims. This article discusses western scholarly discourses on the National School of Islamic law by examining the thoughts and works from M. Barry Hooker. Hooker introduced the term “new fiqh” in the national school of Islamic discourse and explained that the Indonesian fiqh instrumentalized by the state. Based on the model of the study of public figures and grounded its main data of Hooker’s work, this paper shows that Hooker criticizes the shifting paradigm of classical fiqh text to fiqh dominated by the state. The state determines the process of fiqh with various instruments and public transmission of sharia, including religious bureaucratization, state intervention in Islamic legal education curriculum, and through religious pulpit mediums.Fikih mazhab nasional mengemuka dalam perebutan domain antara peraturan agama dan otoritas negara. Diskursus ini menjadi perdebatan baik di kalangan sarjana Indonesia maupun sarjana di Barat. Tulisan ini mengkaji diskursus hukum Islam mazhab nasional yang dikenal dengan istilah fikih baru dari seorang intelektual di Barat bernama M. Barry Hooker. Hooker memandang fikih Indonesia saat ini merupakan fikih yang dibentuk dan diinstrumentalisasi oleh negara. Dengan menggunakan model kajian pemikiran tokoh serta karya kesarjanaannya, tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa Hooker memiliki pandangan yang kritis dengan mengungkap pergeseran dari fikih klasik yang didasarkan pada teks keagamaan kearah fikih mazhab nasional dengan dominasi peran negara. Negara menjadi penentu proses perjalanan fikih dengan pelbagai instrumen yang diberikan pada masyarakat, antara lain birokratisasi agama, intervensi negara dalam kurikulum pendidikan hukum Islam, dan melalui medium mimbar keagamaan.

scholarly journals Sejarah Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-400
Author(s):  
Nafi' Mubarok
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Welfare Problem

In conjunction with the development of contemporary Islamic law in Muslim countries, the question that frequently arises is about the formalization of Islamic law (taqnin). In Indonesia, the aspirations of Islamic Law's codification, particularly concerning its implementation crystallized into three forms; (1) formal (2) substantive, and (3) essential. One of the experts of Islamic law in Indonesia who concerned about the development of Islamic law was Sjechul Hadi Permono. This paper aims to explain the significance of Sjechul Hadi Permono's Legal Thought about Zakat. According to Sjechul Hadi Permono, the discourse on the people's welfare that is the burden of the state will always become a hot topic. Unfortunately,  this problem has nerver been investigated based on the Islamic conception of welfare and the idea of Islam as an instrument of refom in society. This is a formula Sjechul Hadi tries to offer that zakat if properly managed will offer a solution to the welfare problem.

scholarly journals Biomijuridika: Pemikiran Ilmu Hukum Pidana Berketuhanan dari Barda Nawawi Arief

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-223
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rustamaji
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

This article discusses the legal thought from Barda Nawawi Arief, named biomijuridika. The concept of biomijuridika is actually an invitation for legal learner to reflect on whether the life of law and the development of law in Indonesia are secular. If jurisprudence contains in it the science of “regulating or arranging”, Barda questioned is not “God Most Regulating and Arranging”, and therefore the law must also be in accordance with God’s teachings. Therefore according to Barda, legal education and legal science in Indonesia should not be secular. Consequently, legal education and national law must also explore and examine the law of the One Godhead. This article shows that in the Indonesian context, the biomijuridika of Barda are actually in line with the Pancasila as the state foundation. On the basis of Pancasila, the life of the nation and state of Indonesia must be based on the Pancasila, which in the life of the law means must, one of them, be based on the One Godhead. However, the legal thought of biomijuridika from Barda still seems to leave a discourse space that seems to have not been answered thoroughly, namely when this concept was proposed as one of the alternative models of legal reform especially in the field of criminal law. Such criticism in particular can be examined in the facets of the development of theoretical and practical law. Abstrak Artikel ini membahas pemikiran hukum dari Barda Nawawi Arief yang diberi nama biomijuridika. Konsep biomijuridika sejatinya sebuah ajakan bagi pembelajar hukum untuk merenung tentang apakah kehidupan berhukum dan pengembangan hukum di Indonesia bersifat sekuler. Jika ilmu hukum mengandung di dalamnya ilmu “mengatur atau menata”, Barda mempertanyakan bukankah “Tuhan Maha Mengatur dan Maha Menata”, dan karenanya hukum pun mesti sesuai dengan ajaran Tuhan. Oleh karenanya menurut Barda pendidikan hukum dan ilmu hukum di Indonesia seharusnya tidak bersifat sekuler. Konsekuensinya, pendidikan tinggi hukum dan ilmu hukum nasional harus juga menggali dan mengkaji ilmu hukum berketuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam konteks Indonesia, biomijuridika dari Barda sesungguhnya sejalan dengan dasar negara Pancasila. Dengan dasar negara Pancasila, maka kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara Indonesia mesti didasarkan pada Pancasila, yang dalam kehidupan berhukum berarti mesti, salah satunya, didasarkan pada “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa”. Namun demikian, pemikiran hukum biomijuridika dari Barda tampaknya masih menyisakan ruang diskursus yang agaknya belum dijawab dengan tuntas, yaitu ketika konsep ini diajukan sebagai salah satu model alternatif pembaruan hukum utamanya pada bidang hukum pidana. Kritik demikian khususnya dapat dicermati pada faset pengembanan hukum teoretis dan pengembanan hukum praktis.

scholarly journals State Authority and Public Trust in National Zakāh Management: Historical Lessons, Fiqh Discourse, and International Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yusuf Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
The State ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
State Authority ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ultimate Objective

The aspect of <em>zakāh</em> management or administration is not regulated extensively in Islamic law. Since the dawn of Islam, <em>zakāh</em> management has become the field of <em>ijtihād</em> based on<em> mashla</em><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ḥ</span></em><em>ah</em>. And today, the practice of <em>zakāh</em> management in contemporary Muslim countries has been incarnating a wider area of experiment. In contemporary Indonesia, the Law Number 23 Year 2011 concerning <em>Zakāh</em> Management has been passed. This law, which become effective since 2016, caused upheaval within national Islamic philanthropy sector since it regulates national <em>zakāh</em> management currently dominated by civil society, based on “classical <em>fiqh</em> opinion” that only the state has authority to manage <em>zakāh</em>. This paper lift up an important conclusion that <em>zakāh</em> management entirely by the state is not be in effect unconditionally, but with many of qualifications. Moreover, the effectiveness of <em>zakāh</em> management by state relies heavily on the level of public trust against government, not by enforcement of the state. <em>Zakāh</em> management by the state is merely an instrument, not the goal itself. The ultimate objective that must be pursued is the delivery of <em>zakāh</em> to those who deserve it with optimum benefits.

scholarly journals The Development of Legal Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

FIAT JUSTISIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Muamar Hasan Salameh ◽  
Jaida Aboul Fotouh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
Secondary Sources

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Islamic Shariah is the foundation of the laws of the state. While the modern Saudi legal system encompasses both written and unwritten laws, Shariah is still considered supreme and hence directs most of the state’s regulations. Nevertheless, currently, those who aim to practice law need to acquire a foundation of all prevailing laws. Due to the supremacy of Shariah, most universities still do not offer comprehensive degree plans, which often poses limitations to the development of legal education in the Kingdom. This study aims to address this conundrum by examining the various degree plans in Saudi universities, scrutinizing whether they offer comprehensive degrees, which should encompass both Shariah laws yet also the newly codified rules. This research draws upon secondary sources, which analyze the progress of the legal education in KSA and its effects on future legal practitioners. Results suggest that the legal curricular should be redesigned to improve the capabilities of prospective legal professionals by integrating the non-codified rules of law with the Islamic law in a more practical, realistic and efficient manner.  Keywords: Legal education, Shariah, Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals State Sovereignty in the Current Economic Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Daniel Solescu
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
World Market ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Joint Effort ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The World ◽  
State Authority

Abstract Globalization has raised the issue of the place and role of the nation state in the world market. The effects of globalization have resulted in the joint effort of some State’s sovereign powers, quite exclusive until recently, which leads to reconsider the concept of state sovereignty, tasks, functions and objectives of the state. Globalization involves reducing the state intervention in the economic matters, but it does not imply the disappearance of the state concept. The integration in the transnational economy necessarily implies the weakening of the nation-state authority, since it must make room for the independent actors.

scholarly journals THE ADMINISTRATION OF MUSLIM’S AND NON-MUSLIM’S OWNERLESS ESTATE (BONA VACANTIA) IN WEST MALAYSIA: AN ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Akmal Hidayah Halim ◽  
Tajul Aris Ahmad Bustami ◽  
Wan Noraini Mohd Salim ◽  
Rahmawati Mohd Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
State Authority ◽  
The Government ◽  
Personal Law ◽  
Secondary Materials

In Malaysia, if a deceased passed away intestate (without leaving a valid will) and no next of kin is available, his or her estate is deemed as an ownerless estate (bona vacantia). However, bona vacantia has not been classified, identified, and examined clearly, particularly in terms of the various sets of law applicable to the non-Muslims and Muslims in West Malaysia. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the classification of estates categorised under bona vacantia, its position in both Islamic law and Malaysian law, and the issues associated with the topic. The doctrinal analysis is adopted by analysing the current primary and secondary materials which include case law, statutory provisions, and other legal and non-legal literature. Consequently, the administration of bona vacantia is found to be governed by different procedures and laws, based on the personal law of the deceased. If he is a Muslim, his estate will be reverted to Baitulmal. Meanwhile, the type of estate left by a deceased non-Muslim will determine the reversion of such estate, either to the Government or the State Authority.

Kebijakan Penanganan Pengungsi di Indonesia Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Syarī’ah

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Rohmad Adi Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Adaptive Policy ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The problematic of humanism in many countries resulted in a phenomenon of transnational refugee migration. Indonesia is one of a country which has received a massif influx of refugee waves aimed to obtain asylum. This study discussed the policy of handling refugees in Indonesia from the maqasid sharia as perspective. Maqasid sharia, as one of the Islamic law methodological approaches, helped of understanding social phenomena which positioned the interest (maslaha) as the core treatise. This study aimed to explain that the interaction between maqasid sharia as perspective and the development of national regulation, included the regulation in handling refugees, resulted in three models of policy (instructive, integrative, and adaptive). The instructive policy implemented through taqnin model, which is issued by the state authority as a positive norm. An integrative policy implemented through the eclectic model adopted the finest part from both national law and Islamic law. The adaptive policy implemented when important elements of Islamic law affirmed national policy which contained fundamental principles of universal humanism as part of sharia.

Metodologi Pengeluaran Fatwa di Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Mohd Faez Mohd Shah ◽  
Norhidayah Pauzi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Right

In the discipline of Islamic law research, strong proofing and clear Istinbat method are key pillars in the construction of Islamic law based on the application of the science of usul al-fiqh and maqasid al-shari'ah. However, what happens at the state of Johor’s fatwa institution is the opposite. The fatwa research methods applied by the Fatwa Committee of Johor in resolving current fatwa issues is not based on the right and true discipline of Islamic law research. In fact, current inputs related to fatwa issues are not explicitly stated in the method of determining the law either in the form of reality or scientifically verified. Therefore, this paper will discuss the fatwa procedures undertaken by the Fatwa Committee of Johor based on the methods applied in resolving current issues. The research methodology adopted is library and interview methods. This study shows that fatwa management and production in the state of Johor is placed under the jurisdiction of the Mufti of Johor’s Department. The methods adopted by the Fatwa Committee of Johor covers two methods, namely: internal research methods including literature review through the application of original source and proofs based on syarak. Second: field research method that includes an external review or going to the location of study such as conducting observation, questionnaires and interviews including referrals to specialists of different fields. Maslahah and mafsdah consideration are also implemented by the Fatwa Committee in every fatwa decision based on the standard that meets the interests of maqasid al-shari'ah. Keywords: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah ABSTRAK Dalam disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam, kekuatan pendalilan dan kaedah istinbat yang jelas merupakan tunggak utama dalam pembinaan hukum Islam berasaskan kepada aplikasi ilmu usul al-fiqh dan maqasid al-shari’ah. Namun begitu, apa yang berlaku di institusi fatwa negeri Johor adalah sebaliknya. Kaedah penyelidikan fatwa yang diaplikasi oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor dalam menyelesaikan isu fatwa semasa tidak berasaskan kepada disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam yang tepat dan sebenar. Malahan input-input semasa yang berkaitan dengan isu fatwa juga tidak dinyatakan secara jelas dalam kaedah penentuan hukum sama ada dalam bentuk realiti yang berlaku atau pembuktian secara saintifik. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan prosedur fatwa Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor berdasarkan metode-metode yang diaplikasi dalam menyelesaikan isu-isu yang bersifat semasa. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah melalui metode perpustakaan dan metode lapangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengurusan dan pengeluaran fatwa di negeri Johor hanya terletak di bawah bidang kuasa Jabatan Mufti Johor. Metode fatwa yang diamalkan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor merangkumi dua metode iaitu pertama, kaedah penyelidikan dalaman yang merangkumi kajian kepustakaan menerusi pengaplikasian dari sumber asas dan dalil-dalil syarak. Kedua, kaedah penyelidikan lapangan yang meliputi kajian luaran atau turun ke lokasi kajian seperti observasi, soal selidik dan temubual dan rujukan kepada pakar dalam bidang yang berlainan. Pertimbangan maslahah dan mafsdah juga dimplementasikan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa dalam setiap keputusan fatwanya berasaskan standard yang menepati kepentingan maqasid al-shari’ah. Kata kunci: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah

Hukum Denda dalam Keuangan Publik Islam di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
Fathul Aminudin Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

Fines are sanctions or punishments that are applied in the form of the obligation to pay a sum of money imposed on the denial of a number of agreements previously agreed upon. There is debate over the status of fines in Islamic law. Some argue that fines may not be used, and some argue that they may be used. In the context of fines for delays in payment of taxes, in fiqh law it can be analogous to ta'zir bi al-tamlīk (punishment for ownership). This can be justified if the tax obligations have met the requirements. Whereas according to Islamic teachings, fines can be categorized as acts in order to obey government orders as taught in the hadith, and in order to contribute to the realization of mutual benefit in the life of the state. As for the amount of the fine, the government cannot arbitrarily determine fines that are too large to burden the people. Penalties are applied as a message of reprimand and as a means to cover the lack of the state budget.

EFEKTIVITAS PELAKSANAAN PERATURAN PENCATATAN PERCERAIAN DI KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Juriyana Megawati Hasibuan Dan Fatahuddin Aziz Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Shipping Costs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Happy Marriage ◽  
Religious Courts ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Marriage is a sacred bond which is ideally only held once in a lifetime. Both Islamic law and positive law require an eternal happy marriage. To support this the Koran proclaims marriage as mitsaqan galiza. The marriage is then registered in the state administration. In line with this, the laws and regulations are formulated in such a way as to make divorce more difficult. However, when there are acceptable reasons and due to coercive conditions, divorce can be done through a judicial process. The divorce must then be registered by taking certain procedures. The court delivered the notice and sent a copy of the decision to the marriage registrar to file the divorce properly. The implementation of this divorce record was not effective. The separation of the Religious Courts Institution from the Ministry of Religion has become a factor that causes the registration task not to be carried out. The loss of the obligation to submit a copy of the decision on the judge's ruling caused the recording to be constrained. The unavailability of shipping costs also contributed to the failure to register divorce. Even though there is a threat to the Registrar who neglects to deliver a copy of the verdict, unclear sanctions make this ineffective. As a result of the lack of recording of divorce, the status of husband and wife becomes unclear and opens opportunities for abuse of that status.

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