Kebijakan Penanganan Pengungsi di Indonesia Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Syarī’ah

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Rohmad Adi Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Adaptive Policy ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The problematic of humanism in many countries resulted in a phenomenon of transnational refugee migration. Indonesia is one of a country which has received a massif influx of refugee waves aimed to obtain asylum. This study discussed the policy of handling refugees in Indonesia from the maqasid sharia as perspective. Maqasid sharia, as one of the Islamic law methodological approaches, helped of understanding social phenomena which positioned the interest (maslaha) as the core treatise. This study aimed to explain that the interaction between maqasid sharia as perspective and the development of national regulation, included the regulation in handling refugees, resulted in three models of policy (instructive, integrative, and adaptive). The instructive policy implemented through taqnin model, which is issued by the state authority as a positive norm. An integrative policy implemented through the eclectic model adopted the finest part from both national law and Islamic law. The adaptive policy implemented when important elements of Islamic law affirmed national policy which contained fundamental principles of universal humanism as part of sharia.

The New Fiqh in A National School of Legal Thought: A Paradigm Shift in National School of Islamic Law on M. Barry Hooker’s Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Wildani Hefni
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
National School ◽  
State Authority

The polemic of the domain between religious regulation and state authority in the national school of Islamic law in Indonesia seems to be endlessly debated by Indonesian and Western Scholars, Muslim as well as non-muslims. This article discusses western scholarly discourses on the National School of Islamic law by examining the thoughts and works from M. Barry Hooker. Hooker introduced the term “new fiqh” in the national school of Islamic discourse and explained that the Indonesian fiqh instrumentalized by the state. Based on the model of the study of public figures and grounded its main data of Hooker’s work, this paper shows that Hooker criticizes the shifting paradigm of classical fiqh text to fiqh dominated by the state. The state determines the process of fiqh with various instruments and public transmission of sharia, including religious bureaucratization, state intervention in Islamic legal education curriculum, and through religious pulpit mediums.Fikih mazhab nasional mengemuka dalam perebutan domain antara peraturan agama dan otoritas negara. Diskursus ini menjadi perdebatan baik di kalangan sarjana Indonesia maupun sarjana di Barat. Tulisan ini mengkaji diskursus hukum Islam mazhab nasional yang dikenal dengan istilah fikih baru dari seorang intelektual di Barat bernama M. Barry Hooker. Hooker memandang fikih Indonesia saat ini merupakan fikih yang dibentuk dan diinstrumentalisasi oleh negara. Dengan menggunakan model kajian pemikiran tokoh serta karya kesarjanaannya, tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa Hooker memiliki pandangan yang kritis dengan mengungkap pergeseran dari fikih klasik yang didasarkan pada teks keagamaan kearah fikih mazhab nasional dengan dominasi peran negara. Negara menjadi penentu proses perjalanan fikih dengan pelbagai instrumen yang diberikan pada masyarakat, antara lain birokratisasi agama, intervensi negara dalam kurikulum pendidikan hukum Islam, dan melalui medium mimbar keagamaan.

scholarly journals State Authority and Public Trust in National Zakāh Management: Historical Lessons, Fiqh Discourse, and International Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yusuf Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
The State ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
State Authority ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ultimate Objective

The aspect of <em>zakāh</em> management or administration is not regulated extensively in Islamic law. Since the dawn of Islam, <em>zakāh</em> management has become the field of <em>ijtihād</em> based on<em> mashla</em><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ḥ</span></em><em>ah</em>. And today, the practice of <em>zakāh</em> management in contemporary Muslim countries has been incarnating a wider area of experiment. In contemporary Indonesia, the Law Number 23 Year 2011 concerning <em>Zakāh</em> Management has been passed. This law, which become effective since 2016, caused upheaval within national Islamic philanthropy sector since it regulates national <em>zakāh</em> management currently dominated by civil society, based on “classical <em>fiqh</em> opinion” that only the state has authority to manage <em>zakāh</em>. This paper lift up an important conclusion that <em>zakāh</em> management entirely by the state is not be in effect unconditionally, but with many of qualifications. Moreover, the effectiveness of <em>zakāh</em> management by state relies heavily on the level of public trust against government, not by enforcement of the state. <em>Zakāh</em> management by the state is merely an instrument, not the goal itself. The ultimate objective that must be pursued is the delivery of <em>zakāh</em> to those who deserve it with optimum benefits.

scholarly journals ON THE PROBLEM OF THEORETICAL IDEAS ABOUT THE PHENOMENA OF PROTO-STATE, STATE AND STATEHOOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
M.N. Abdullaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The article examines some aspects of the theoretical concepts of proto-state, state and statehood, which coexist in modern Russian scientific research practice. Considerable attention is paid to the features of the studied social phenomena, determined from different methodological approaches. It is emphasized that in the process of studying the modern state, reliance on the principle of historical continuity acquires significant significance. The work focuses on the fact that when understanding the nature of the state as a complex social phenomenon, it is also important to consider the concept of a nation-specific state, which will create a broad system of concepts of the state and help to understand the characteristics of various states of the world. The idea is put forward that the study of the statehood of republics – subjects of the Federation – in the framework of the centuries-old process of the unity of peoples within the boundaries of the historical space of Russia, will contribute to the formation of new knowledge about the nature of domestic multinational statehood

Contours of a National Infrastructure Policy for the New Millennium

2021 ◽  
pp. 1087724X2110166
Author(s):  
John C. Morris ◽  
Ryan D. Williamson ◽  
A. Stanley Meiburg
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
National Policy ◽  
National Government ◽  
The State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Infrastructure Policy ◽  
Wastewater Infrastructure ◽  
The Many ◽  
National Infrastructure ◽  
New Millennium

As calls for renewed efforts to address the state of the nation’s infrastructure grow across both partisan and ideological lines, they raise pointed questions regarding the nature of such efforts. For example, how do we pay for needed infrastructure? How do we set priorities among the many and varied needs across the nation? Most critically, should the national government play the central role in such an effort or is this task more appropriately left to the states? With Netzer’s article in mind, we examine the core factors that a national infrastructure policy in the 21st century should consider. We illustrate these factors through the use of two exemplar cases: traditional wastewater infrastructure, and the infrastructure required to conduct free, safe, and fair elections. Contrary to Netzer, we contend that there are many advantages to employing a national policy in these areas.

scholarly journals ПРОБЛЕМЫ КОНЦЕПТУАЛИЗАЦИИ МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОДХОДОВ В НАУКЕ ФИНАНСОВОГО ПРАВА

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Т. А. Латковська
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Статья посвящена исследованию проблем концептуализации методологических под­ходов в науке финансового права. Автор, исследуя взаимодействие финансово-правовой доктрины и финансового законодательства, указывает на необходимость универсальности научных разработок по отношению к политическим и правовым идеям, закладываемым в основу концепции властного акта государства. Перед наукой финансового права встают качественно новые задачи относительно познания и отображения явлений правовой дей­ствительности, что требует пересмотра используемых подходов, методов и приемов иссле­дования финансово-правовой материи.   The article focuses on the investigation of the problems of conceptualization of methodological approaches to the science of financial law. The author, having studied the interaction of financial and legal doctrine as well as the Ппапсіаі legislature, points out the necessity of making universal scientific research referring to political and legal ideas underlying the conception of the state authority act. The science of financial law faces new challenging tasks referring to cognition and the reflection of the phenomena of legal reality which requires reconsideration of the approaches methods, techniques of the financial and legal research employed.

scholarly journals THE ADMINISTRATION OF MUSLIM’S AND NON-MUSLIM’S OWNERLESS ESTATE (BONA VACANTIA) IN WEST MALAYSIA: AN ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Akmal Hidayah Halim ◽  
Tajul Aris Ahmad Bustami ◽  
Wan Noraini Mohd Salim ◽  
Rahmawati Mohd Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
State Authority ◽  
The Government ◽  
Personal Law ◽  
Secondary Materials

In Malaysia, if a deceased passed away intestate (without leaving a valid will) and no next of kin is available, his or her estate is deemed as an ownerless estate (bona vacantia). However, bona vacantia has not been classified, identified, and examined clearly, particularly in terms of the various sets of law applicable to the non-Muslims and Muslims in West Malaysia. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the classification of estates categorised under bona vacantia, its position in both Islamic law and Malaysian law, and the issues associated with the topic. The doctrinal analysis is adopted by analysing the current primary and secondary materials which include case law, statutory provisions, and other legal and non-legal literature. Consequently, the administration of bona vacantia is found to be governed by different procedures and laws, based on the personal law of the deceased. If he is a Muslim, his estate will be reverted to Baitulmal. Meanwhile, the type of estate left by a deceased non-Muslim will determine the reversion of such estate, either to the Government or the State Authority.

Some aspects of the idea of unity V. Solovyov and the present

2000 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
O. O. Romanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University ◽  
Temporary Closure

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the nature of the national policy of Russia is significantly changing. After the events of 1863 in Poland (the Second Polish uprising), the government of Alexander II gradually abandoned the dominant idea of ​​anathematizing, whose essence is expressed in the domination of the principle of serving the state, the greatness of the empire. The tsar-reformer deliberately changes the policy of etatamism into the policy of state ethnocentrism. The manifestation of such a change is a ban on teaching in Polish (1869) and the temporary closure of the University of Warsaw. At the end of the 60s, the state's policy towards a five million Russian Jewry was radically revised. The process of abolition of restrictions on travel, education, place of residence initiated by Nicholas I, was provided reverse.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПАРАДИГМЫ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Ю. М. Оборотов
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Methodological Question ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Law

В современной методологии юриспруденции происходит переход от изучения состо­яний ее объекта, которыми выступают право и государство, к постижению этого объек­та в его изменениях и превращениях. Две подсистемы методологии юриспруденции, подсистема обращенная к состоянию права и государства; и подсистема обращенная к изменениям права и государства, — получают свое отображение в концептуальной форме, методологических подходах, методах, специфических понятиях. Показательны перемены в содержании методологии юриспруденции, где определяю­щее значение имеют методологические подходы, определяющие стратегию исследова­тельских поисков во взаимосвязи юриспруденции с правом и государством. Среди наи­более характерных подходов антропологический, аксиологический, цивилизационный, синергетический и герменевтический — определяют плюралистичность современной методологии и свидетельствуют о становлении новой парадигмы методологии юриспру­денции.   In modern methodology of jurisprudence there is a transition from the study the states of its object to its comprehension in changes and transformations. Hence the two subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence: subsystem facing the states of the law and the state as well as their components and aspects; and subsystem facing the changes of the law and the state in general and their constituents. These subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence receive its reflection in conceptual form, methodological approaches, methods, specific concepts. Methodology of jurisprudence should not be restricted to the methodology of legal theory. In this regard, it is an important methodological question about subject of jurisprudence. It is proposed to consider the subject of jurisprudence as complex, covering both the law and the state in their specificity, interaction and integrity. Indicative changes in the content methodology of jurisprudence are the usage of decisive importance methodological approaches that govern research strategy searches in conjunction with the law and the state. Among the most characteristic of modern development approaches: anthropological, axiological, civilization, synergistic and hermeneutic. Modern methodology of jurisprudence is pluralistic in nature alleging various approaches to the law and the state. Marked approaches allow the formation of a new paradigm methodology of jurisprudence.

Metodologi Pengeluaran Fatwa di Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Mohd Faez Mohd Shah ◽  
Norhidayah Pauzi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Right

In the discipline of Islamic law research, strong proofing and clear Istinbat method are key pillars in the construction of Islamic law based on the application of the science of usul al-fiqh and maqasid al-shari'ah. However, what happens at the state of Johor’s fatwa institution is the opposite. The fatwa research methods applied by the Fatwa Committee of Johor in resolving current fatwa issues is not based on the right and true discipline of Islamic law research. In fact, current inputs related to fatwa issues are not explicitly stated in the method of determining the law either in the form of reality or scientifically verified. Therefore, this paper will discuss the fatwa procedures undertaken by the Fatwa Committee of Johor based on the methods applied in resolving current issues. The research methodology adopted is library and interview methods. This study shows that fatwa management and production in the state of Johor is placed under the jurisdiction of the Mufti of Johor’s Department. The methods adopted by the Fatwa Committee of Johor covers two methods, namely: internal research methods including literature review through the application of original source and proofs based on syarak. Second: field research method that includes an external review or going to the location of study such as conducting observation, questionnaires and interviews including referrals to specialists of different fields. Maslahah and mafsdah consideration are also implemented by the Fatwa Committee in every fatwa decision based on the standard that meets the interests of maqasid al-shari'ah. Keywords: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah ABSTRAK Dalam disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam, kekuatan pendalilan dan kaedah istinbat yang jelas merupakan tunggak utama dalam pembinaan hukum Islam berasaskan kepada aplikasi ilmu usul al-fiqh dan maqasid al-shari’ah. Namun begitu, apa yang berlaku di institusi fatwa negeri Johor adalah sebaliknya. Kaedah penyelidikan fatwa yang diaplikasi oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor dalam menyelesaikan isu fatwa semasa tidak berasaskan kepada disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam yang tepat dan sebenar. Malahan input-input semasa yang berkaitan dengan isu fatwa juga tidak dinyatakan secara jelas dalam kaedah penentuan hukum sama ada dalam bentuk realiti yang berlaku atau pembuktian secara saintifik. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan prosedur fatwa Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor berdasarkan metode-metode yang diaplikasi dalam menyelesaikan isu-isu yang bersifat semasa. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah melalui metode perpustakaan dan metode lapangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengurusan dan pengeluaran fatwa di negeri Johor hanya terletak di bawah bidang kuasa Jabatan Mufti Johor. Metode fatwa yang diamalkan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor merangkumi dua metode iaitu pertama, kaedah penyelidikan dalaman yang merangkumi kajian kepustakaan menerusi pengaplikasian dari sumber asas dan dalil-dalil syarak. Kedua, kaedah penyelidikan lapangan yang meliputi kajian luaran atau turun ke lokasi kajian seperti observasi, soal selidik dan temubual dan rujukan kepada pakar dalam bidang yang berlainan. Pertimbangan maslahah dan mafsdah juga dimplementasikan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa dalam setiap keputusan fatwanya berasaskan standard yang menepati kepentingan maqasid al-shari’ah. Kata kunci: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah

Untimely Development, Ugly History:A Drama in Muslinand the Rejection of National-Historical Time

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-183
Author(s):  
Mary L. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Core

This article considers the politics and aesthetics of the colonial Bildungsroman by reading George Moore's often-overlooked novel A Drama in Muslin (1886). It argues that the colonial Bildungsroman does not simply register difference from the metropolitan novel of development or express tension between the core and periphery, as Jed Esty suggests, but rather can imagine a heterogeneous historical time that does not find its end in the nation-state. A Drama in Muslin combines naturalist and realist modes, and moves between Ireland and England to construct a form of untimely development that emphasises political processes (dissent, negotiation) rather than political forms (the state, the nation). Ultimately, the messy, discordant history represented in the novel shows the political potential of anachronism as it celebrates the untimeliness of everyday life.

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