Qualification of Downhole Valves Used in Continuous Injection Systems

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Stewart-Liddon ◽  
Neil J Goodwin ◽  
Gordon M Graham ◽  
Tore Tjomsland ◽  
Britt Marie Hustad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection System ◽  
Fluid Injection ◽  
Application System ◽  
Capillary Tubing ◽  
Wellbore Pressure ◽  
Injection Line ◽  
Continuous Chemical ◽  
Continuous Injection ◽  
Gas Lift ◽  
Made In

Abstract Downhole Continuous Chemical Injection (DCI) systems, including both Downhole Continuous Injection systems (DHCI) and Gas Lift Chemical injection (GLI) are increasingly being installed in new wells for the application of a range of chemicals. These systems have one or more check valves at the point of injection to control the chemical flow into the wellbore and prevent wellbore fluids from entering the injection lines. In-line filters are included to remove particulates that may prevent the check valves from sealing. The performance of the injection valves is key to the success of continual injection systems. Valve failure would lead to uncontrolled injection into the wellbore, forming low pressure gas pockets within the injection lines which can lead to changes in the physical properties of the chemical causing issues such as corrosion or gunking. In addition, if the hydrostatic pressure within the injection line drops below wellbore pressure, then wellbore fluids can start to enter the capillary tubing. Currently, the qualification of valves is conducted using either fresh water or nitrogen. In conjunction with considerable developments made in qualification of chemicals for DHCI and GLI which were introduced in previous papers1, 2, work has been undertaken to improve the qualification of the injection system itself. This means that in addition to showing compatibility and good performance, the chemical must be suitable for the application system, and the equipment suitable for the chemical selected. Results demonstrate how different valve/chemical combinations can perform well during fluid injection but fail to hold pressure within the injection line when the flow is stopped. The paper will present results from an extensive series of valve tests conducted in a newly designed and commissioned rig capable of operating at full reservoir temperatures (up to 200 °C) and elevated line pressures (up to 5,000 psi). The results from this work are expected to form the basis of a new range of system qualification protocols to be proposed for Statoil DHCI systems.

Qualification of Chemicals/Chemical Injection Systems for Downhole Continuous Chemical Injection

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Stewart-Liddon ◽  
Neil J Goodwin ◽  
Gordon M Graham ◽  
Tore Tjomsland ◽  
Britt Marie Hustad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Chemical System ◽  
Capillary Tubing ◽  
Application Specific ◽  
Continuous Chemical ◽  
Continuous Injection ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Abstract Downhole Continuous Injection (DHCI) Systems are increasingly being installed in wells for the delivery of a range of chemicals, including application-specific formulations and multi-component chemicals. Although costly, these systems offer the advantage of controlling chemical doses, preventing interruptions to production by providing constant delivery of chemicals and can be used in place of squeeze treatments that can be costly or inappropriate if formation damage is a risk. However, such systems are not without challenges for engineering design, operation and the effective qualification required for the chemicals before use. DHCI involves chemical injection through multi-kilometre capillary tubing, as well as injection through inline filters and one or more injection valves. Failures of continuous injection systems have been linked to a variety of causes such as corrosion, particulate formation or chemical gunking, resulting in line plugging or blockage of injection valves and filters. The work described in this paper was initiated to investigate known DHCI issues within Statoil fields and to develop laboratory tests to identify characteristics of chemical formulations that result in similar behaviour, and thus allow such formulations to be de-selected prior to use. The paper describes a range of chemical qualification methods for DHCI systems, focusing on qualifying the chemical for use in a DHCI. Test methods have been developed which demonstrate the ways in which changes in physical properties can readily occur under downhole injection which can have a considerable detrimental impact on the integrity and effectiveness of the DHCI system. These methods have now been finalised into a set of chemical qualification protocols for Statoil. This paper will present the basis of these test protocols and thereby intends to present best practice for chemical/system qualification for DHCI. Results from both extensive laboratory method development studies and field case histories will be included throughout the paper to illustrate the challenges faced and the qualification solutions developed.

scholarly journals Histopathological study of Effects of continuous injection of dexamethasone on wound healing in rabbits

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
F. Salim
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Control Animal ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Continuous Injection ◽  
Made In

In this study 16 rabbit was divided in to two groups equally the first group was daily injected by dexamethasone(1 mg/Kg) for 21 days,the second group was left without any treatment as a control. An excision was made in the skin of rabbits and then sutured with silk band 2.5cm.The skin spicemen were taken for histopathological sections for wound healing evaluation at postoperative days 3,7and 14. The scars of the dexamethasone-treated group were less formation. The epithelization ,collagenization and the inflammatory cell infiltration was less intense in the dexamethasone- treated group in compare with the control animal.

scholarly journals Technology for Preventing the Wax Deposit Formation in Gas-Lift Wells at Offshore Oil and Gas Fields in Vietnam

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5016
Author(s):  
Mikhail Konstantinovich Rogachev ◽  
Thang Nguyen Van ◽  
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Aleksandrov
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Tubing String ◽  
Optimal Injection ◽  
Injection Depth ◽  
Gas Lift

Within the past few decades, the production of high-wax oils at offshore fields in Vietnam has been fraught with severe problems due to the intense formation of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) in the downhole oil and gas equipment. The formation of organic wax deposits in the tubing string led to a significant decrease in gas-lift wells production, efficiency of compressor units, transport capacity of the piping systems, along with an increase in equipment failure. Subsequently, the efficiency of gas-lift wells dramatically decreased to less than 40% as a whole. The existing methods and technologies for combating organic wax deposit formation in downhole equipment have many advantages. However, their use in producing high-wax anomalous oil does not entirely prevent the wax formation in the tubing string and leads to a significant reduction in oil production, transport capacity, and treatment intervals. The results of theoretical and experimental studies presented in this article demonstrate that a promising approach to improve the efficiency of gas-lift wells during the production of high-wax oil is to use the technology of periodic injection of hot associated petroleum gas (APG) into the annulus of an oil-producing well. The effectiveness of the proposed method of combating wax formation in gas-lift wells highly depends on the combination of a few factors: the determination of wax deposit formation intensity in the well and the implementation of a set of preparatory measures to determine the optimal injection mode of hot APG (flow rate and injection depth) into the annulus between tubing strings and technological pipes. The injection depth of the hot APG should not be less than the depth of wax formation in the tubing string. The optimal injection rate of hot APG is determined by analyzing and mathematically modeling the APG injection system based on well-known thermodynamic laws.

Singing Mitigation in an Export Riser via Liquid Injection: A Field Case Study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. C. Belfroid ◽  
H. J. C. Korst ◽  
P. van Beek ◽  
K. Lunde ◽  
I. G. Eidsvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Liquid Injection ◽  
Flexible Jumper ◽  
Continuous Injection ◽  
Gas Lift

Flexible Risers are prone to the generation of high amplitude tonal noise, i.e. a so-called singing riser. Recently, severe vibrations and high noise levels were encountered on the turret of an FPSO in the Norwegian Sea, resulting in significantly reduced production. The vibrations could be attributed to pulsations generated either by a flexible jumper (connecting topside to turret), the gas lift riser or the gas export riser. Field measurements showed that the most likely source was the 10 inch gas export riser. Due to the vibrations, a reduced production limit was set. A field measurement campaign was started to inject liquid into the export risers to provisionally increase production, while in the meantime permanent solutions were evaluated and installed. Liquid was injected batch wise and continuously. The main field trial was initiated by a batch of MEG (mono ethylene glycol) (2 times 500 liters) followed by continuous injection of small amounts of MEG. Between settling periods, the gas export rate was increased in steps until vibrations were detected. At detection, the MEG injection rate was increased until vibrations/pulsations disappeared, after which gas export was increased again. This process was repeated to maximum gas flow rate, after which the liquid injection and gas export were similarly stepwise decreased. During this test, the gas export could be increased tenfold with moderate liquid injection rates (up to a maximum of 25 l/hr). Similar tests were done with TEG as injected fluid. However, TEG was far less efficient in suppressing the singing. This is attributed to the higher viscosity of the TEG at the injection temperatures and the method of injection.

Applications of line-pack model of gas flow in intermittent gas lift injection line

2017 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 930-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasmi Tasmi ◽  
Silvya Dewi Rahmawati ◽  
Pudjo Sukarno ◽  
Edy Soewono
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Injection Line ◽  
Gas Lift

scholarly journals Microcontroller-driven fluid-injection system for atomic force microscopy

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 013704 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kasas ◽  
L. Alonso ◽  
P. Jacquet ◽  
J. Adamcik ◽  
C. Haeberli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fluid Injection ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Manpower Request Bagian Recruitment pada PT Dynapack Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Listiani Listiani ◽  
Friska Natalia
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Multinational Company ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Application System ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Data Archiving ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Strategic Factor ◽  
Made In

PT Dynapack Indonesia is a packaging and plastics company and part of Dynapack Asia. PT Dynapack Indonesia consists of several divisions, one of them is IT division which has Application Development sub division that is in charge of designing and developing application which is needed for the company. PT Dynapack Indonesia is a multinational company, that it is necessary to maintain the quality of human resources, considering the Human Resources (HR) division is a strategic factor for both profit organizations and non-profit organizations (Yuniarsih & Sugiharto, 2016). Therefore, the IT division of PT Dynapack Indonesia developed a web-based Manpower Request application system with the purpose of assisting HR division in recruiting process to data archiving. Development of Manpower Request application system uses CodeIgniter framework, jQuery, Metronic, Bootstrap, SAP and MySQL database. Testing, fixing bugs, and updates has done while the application is being developed. Manpower Request application is ready to use and has been made in accordance with requirements. Keywords: CodeIgniter, human resources, recruitment, website

A comparative analysis of knock severity in a Cooperative Fuel Research engine using binary gasoline–alcohol blends

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742091668
Author(s):  
Lis Corral-Gómez ◽  
Guillermo Rubio-Gómez ◽  
David Rodriguez-Rosa ◽  
Andrea Martín-Parra ◽  
Daniel de la Rosa-Urbalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Port Fuel Injection ◽  
Vaporization Heat ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Experimental Facilities ◽  
Major Attention ◽  
Made In

Knock remains one of the main limitations for increasing the efficiency in spark-ignition engines. The use of certain alcohol–gasoline blends is an effective way to either mitigate or eliminate knock, allowing the use of higher compression ratios, therefore increasing the efficiency of spark-ignition engines. Methanol and ethanol are alcohols commonly employed for reducing knock, due to their higher octane number and vaporization heat value. Major attention is being paid recently to butanol and its blends with gasoline since they present similar characteristics to gasoline; however, it was found to be the least knock resistant among the three fuels. In the present work, a comparison between the knock performance of methanol–gasoline, ethanol–gasoline and butanol–gasoline blends is carried out, by volume concentrations up to 20 v/v%. This comparison is made in terms of knock intensity and knock probability. Tests are performed in a single-cylinder, variable-compression ratio, Cooperative Fuel Research engine equipped with port fuel injection system, facilitating the comparison against future results obtained by similar experimental facilities. Results obtained allow to reach meaningful conclusions about the capacity of each blend to mitigate knock.

Hardware and Software Design for Premixing In-Line Injection System Attached to Variable-Rate Orchard Sprayer

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-821
Author(s):  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
Heping Zhu ◽  
Chengsong Hu
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Environmental Stewardship ◽  
Injection System ◽  
List Type ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Injection Line ◽  
Buffer Tank

.HighlightsA premixing in-line injection system was designed as a retrofit attachment to a laser-guided variable-rate orchard sprayer.A graphical user interface with touchscreen functions was incorporated into the system to facilitate field applications.Preliminary tests demonstrated that simulated pesticide and water could be accurately dispensed and discharged separately into the injection line and mixed well in the buffer tank.This premixing in-line injection system has great potential to further reduce pesticide waste and improve environmental stewardship for conventional and precision variable-rate sprayers.Abstract To eliminate the problems associated with leftover tank mixture in pesticide applications, a premixing in-line injection system was designed as an attachment to a laser-guided variable-rate orchard sprayer. The primary components of the system consisted of a chemical metering pump, a water pump, a two-stage static mixer, a premixing tank, a buffer tank, an electric shut-off valve, a chemical container, electronic control boards, a graphical user interface, and an embedded computer with a touch screen. Liquid level sensors were mounted in all tanks and the chemical container to control the fluid discharge and prevent overflows. The graphical user interface on the touch screen was designed for operators to communicate with the system and monitor the system status. During spray applications, the system performed with automatic loops in dispensing, mixing, and transferring the desired amounts of water and chemical concentrates to maintain the spray mixture at a constant concentration for use with variable-rate nozzles. The system was rinsed automatically when the spray application task was completed. Test results showed that simulated pesticide and water could be accurately delivered into the injection line and could be mixed well in the buffer tank before the spray mixture was discharged to the nozzles. The premixing in-line injection system is a potential technique to further reduce pesticide waste and improve environmental stewardship for both conventional and precision variable-rate orchard sprayers. Keywords: Automation, Environmental protection, Intelligent sprayer, Pesticide spray application, Precision agriculture, Tank mixture leftover.

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