scholarly journals Effects of insulin on the reversal of myocardial contractility after bupivacaine-induced cardiac asystole in vitro

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Joo Kim ◽  
Ja Rang Jung ◽  
Carl Lynch III ◽  
Wyun Kon Park
Keyword(s):  
Conduction Block ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Na Channel ◽  
Tyrode Solution ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Glucose Treatment

Abstract Background: Insulin-glucose treatment effectively reverses severe bupivacaine (BPV)-induced myocardial depression or cardiovascular collapse in in vivo. However, the mechanisms for the recovery are poorly defined. Methods: Using the guinea pig myocardium, cumulative concentration-responses on contractile forces for insulin or insulin combined with 33 mM glucose (insulin/glucose) were measured. After achieving asystole by 500 µM BPV, different concentrations of insulin or insulin/glucose were applied to determine the recovery of stimulated contractile responses and contractions in either recirculating or non-recirculating (washout) condition. Because we did not observe any recovery from asystole with insulin treatment in the recirculating condition, further experiments were performed whether intermittent contractile responses (conduction block) could be reversed by insulin. In the washout condition, after achieving asystole, the muscles were washed with the Tyrode solution containing insulin or insulin/glucose for 60 minutes. After achieving asystole, BPV concentrations in the Tyrode solution in the presence or absence of insulin for 60 minutes were measured. Results: There were similar concentration-dependent decreases in contractility in both the insulin and insulin/glucose groups. Neither insulin nor insulin/glucose restored the stimulated contractile responses from conduction disturbance or asystole induced by BPV in the continued presence of BPV. In the BPV-washout condition, while superfusion with a control (plain Tyrode) solution for 60 minutes after achieving asystole by BPV restored contractility to approximately 60% of the baseline, time-dependent complete recovery was observed in the insulin- and insulin/glucose-treated groups. At each time period from asystole to 60 minutes, the BPV concentrations in the insulin-treated group were slightly lower than those in the control group. Conclusions: Neither insulin nor insulin/glucose treatment does not rescue Na+ channel function to reverse BPV-induced cardiac conduction block or asystole regardless of improved cardiac performance, possibly due to improved myocardial energetics in isolated in vitro animal myocardium model. These findings suggest that treatment with insulin or insulin/glucose is desirable for metabolic energy supply to the myocardium in cases of BPV-induced cardiac collapse. However, considering the importance of decreased BPV concentrations in cardiac tissues, insulin or insulin/glucose may not achieve satisfactory outcomes.

scholarly journals Effects of insulin on the reversal of myocardial contractility after bupivacaine-induced cardiac asystole in vitro

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Joo Kim ◽  
Ja Rang Jung ◽  
Carl Lynch III ◽  
Wyun Kon Park
Keyword(s):  
Conduction Block ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Na Channel ◽  
Tyrode Solution ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Glucose Treatment

Abstract Background: Insulin-glucose treatment effectively reverses severe bupivacaine (BPV)-induced myocardial depression or cardiovascular collapse in in vivo. However, the mechanisms for the recovery are poorly defined. Methods: Using the guinea pig myocardium, cumulative concentration-responses on contractile forces for insulin or insulin combined with 33 mM glucose (insulin/glucose) were measured. After achieving asystole by 500 µM BPV, different concentrations of insulin or insulin/glucose were applied to determine the recovery of stimulated contractile responses and contractions in either recirculating or non-recirculating (washout) condition. Because we did not observe any recovery from asystole with insulin treatment in the recirculating condition, further experiments were performed whether intermittent contractile responses (conduction block) could be reversed by insulin. In the washout condition, after achieving asystole, the muscles were washed with the Tyrode solution containing insulin or insulin/glucose for 60 minutes. After achieving asystole, BPV concentrations in the Tyrode solution in the presence or absence of insulin for 60 minutes were measured. Results: There were similar concentration-dependent decreases in contractility in both the insulin and insulin/glucose groups. Neither insulin nor insulin/glucose restored the stimulated contractile responses from conduction disturbance or asystole induced by BPV in the continued presence of BPV. In the BPV-washout condition, while superfusion with a control (plain Tyrode) solution for 60 minutes after achieving asystole by BPV restored contractility to approximately 60% of the baseline, time-dependent complete recovery was observed in the insulin- and insulin/glucose-treated groups. At each time period from asystole to 60 minutes, the BPV concentrations in the insulin-treated group were slightly lower than those in the control group. Conclusions: Neither insulin nor insulin/glucose treatment does not rescue Na+ channel function to reverse BPV-induced cardiac conduction block or asystole regardless of improved cardiac performance, possibly due to improved myocardial energetics in isolated in vitro animal myocardium model. These findings suggest that treatment with insulin or insulin/glucose is desirable for metabolic energy supply to the myocardium in cases of BPV-induced cardiac collapse. However, considering the importance of decreased BPV concentrations in cardiac tissues, insulin or insulin/glucose may not achieve satisfactory outcomes.

scholarly journals Effects of insulin on the reversal of myocardial contractility after bupivacaine-induced cardiac asystole in vitro

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Joo Kim ◽  
Ja Rang Jung ◽  
Carl Lynch III ◽  
Wyun Kon Park
Keyword(s):  
Conduction Block ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Na Channel ◽  
Tyrode Solution ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Glucose Treatment

Abstract Background: Insulin-glucose treatment effectively reverses severe bupivacaine (BPV)-induced myocardial depression or cardiovascular collapse in in vivo. However, the mechanisms for the recovery are poorly defined. Methods: Using the guinea pig myocardium, cumulative concentration-responses on contractile forces for insulin or insulin combined with 33 mM glucose (insulin/glucose) were measured. After achieving asystole by 500 µM BPV, different concentrations of insulin or insulin/glucose were applied to determine the recovery of stimulated contractile responses and contractions in either recirculating or non-recirculating (washout) condition. Because we did not observe any recovery from asystole with insulin treatment in the recirculating condition, further experiments were performed whether intermittent contractile responses (conduction block) could be reversed by insulin. In the washout condition, after achieving asystole, the muscles were washed with the Tyrode solution containing insulin or insulin/glucose for 60 minutes. After achieving asystole, BPV concentrations in the Tyrode solution in the presence or absence of insulin for 60 minutes were measured. Results: There were similar concentration-dependent decreases in contractility in both the insulin and insulin/glucose groups. Neither insulin nor insulin/glucose restored the stimulated contractile responses from conduction disturbance or asystole induced by BPV in the continued presence of BPV. In the BPV-washout condition, while superfusion with a control (plain Tyrode) solution for 60 minutes after achieving asystole by BPV restored contractility to approximately 60% of the baseline, time-dependent complete recovery was observed in the insulin- and insulin/glucose-treated groups. At each time period from asystole to 60 minutes, the BPV concentrations in the insulin-treated group were slightly lower than those in the control group. Conclusions: Neither insulin nor insulin/glucose treatment does not rescue Na+ channel function to reverse BPV-induced cardiac conduction block or asystole regardless of improved cardiac performance, possibly due to improved myocardial energetics in isolated in vitro animal myocardium model. These findings suggest that treatment with insulin or insulin/glucose is desirable for metabolic energy supply to the myocardium in cases of BPV-induced cardiac collapse. However, considering the importance of decreased BPV concentrations in cardiac tissues, insulin or insulin/glucose may not achieve satisfactory outcomes.

In-vitro- und In-vivo-Wirkung von Schilddrüsenhormon auf das Wachstum von Neuroblastomzellen

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
R. P. Baum ◽  
E. Rohrbach ◽  
G. Hör ◽  
B. Kornhuber ◽  
E. Busse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Sign

The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the differentiation of cultured neuroblastoma (NB) cells was studied after 9 days of treatment with a dose of 10-4 M/106 cells per day. Using phase contrast microscopy, 30-50% of NB cells showed formation of neurites as a morphological sign of cellular differentiation. The initial rise of the mitosis rate was followed by a plateau. Changes in cyclic nucleotide content, in the triphosphates and in the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were assessed in 2 human and 2 murine cell lines to serve as biochemical parameters of the cell differentiation induced by T3. Whereas the cAMP level increased significantly (3 to 7 fold compared with its initial value), the cGMP value dropped to 30 to 50% of that of the control group. ATP and GTP increased about 200%, the ODC showed a decrease of about 50%. The present studies show a biphasic effect of T3 on neuroblastoma cells: the initial rise of mitotic activity is followed by increased cell differentiation starting from day 4 of the treatment.

Protective Effect of Boswellic Resin Against Memory Loss and Alzheimer’s Induced by Aluminum Tetrachloride and D-Galactose (Experimental study in Mice)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zerrouki ◽  
N. Djebli ◽  
L. Gadouche ◽  
I. Erdogan Orhan ◽  
F. SezerSenol Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Octyl Acetate

Nowadays, because of the industrialization, a lot of contaminant were available ; the consequences of this availability are apparition of diseases including neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain comprise a variety of disorders that affect an increasing percentage of the population. This study is based on the effect of the Boswellic resin, which is from a medicinal plant and known for its antioxidant effects on nerve cell damage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of the Boswellic resin on anticholinesterase activity and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by D-galactose and aluminum tetrachloride in Swiss mice. Chemical composition of the resin essential oil was identified by the CG-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was also assessed by the DMPD and metal chelation methods. In order to understand the mechanism of memory improvement, the acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE, inhibitory assays were performed. In vivo part of the study was achieved on Swiss mice divided into four groups: control, AD model, treated AD, and treated control group. The identification of chemical composition by CG-MS reach the 89.67% of the total extract compounds presented some very important molecules (p-Cymene, n-Octyl acetate, α-Pinene…). The present study proves that Boswellic resin improves memory and learning in treated Alzheimer’s group, modulates the oxidative stress and be involved in the protective effect against amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration, and stimulates the immune system in mice’s brain.

Cold Plasma Treatment Promotes Full-thickness Healing of Skin Wounds in Murine Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462110021
Author(s):  
Joon M. Jung ◽  
Hae K. Yoon ◽  
Chang J. Jung ◽  
Soo Y. Jo ◽  
Sang G. Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Skin Wound Healing

Cold plasma can be beneficial for promoting skin wound healing and has a high potential of being effectively used in treating various wounds. Our aim was to verify the effect of cold plasma in accelerating wound healing and investigate its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. For the in vivo experiments, 2 full-thickness dermal wounds were created in each mouse (n = 30). While one wound was exposed to 2 daily plasma treatments for 3 min, the other wound served as a control. The wounds were evaluated by imaging and histological analyses at 4, 7, and 11 days post the wound infliction process. Immunohistochemical studies were also performed at the same time points. In vitro proliferation and scratch assay using HaCaT keratinocytes and fibroblasts were performed. The expression levels of wound healing–related genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. On day 7, the wound healing rates were 53.94% and 63.58% for the control group and the plasma-treated group, respectively. On day 11, these rates were 76.05% and 93.44% for the control and plasma-treated groups, respectively, and the difference between them was significant ( P = .039). Histological analysis demonstrated that plasma treatment promotes the formation of epidermal keratin and granular layers. Immunohistochemical studies also revealed that collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin appeared more abundantly in the plasma-treated group than in the control group. In vitro, the proliferation of keratinocytes was promoted by plasma exposure. Scratch assay showed that fibroblast exposure to plasma increased their migration. The expression levels of collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were elevated upon plasma treatment. In conclusion, cold plasma can accelerate skin wound healing and is well tolerated.

Agitation Techniques to Enhance Drainage of Retained Hemothorax

2020 ◽  
pp. 155335062097800
Author(s):  
Ian A. Makey ◽  
Nitin A. Das ◽  
Samuel Jacob ◽  
Magdy M. El-Sayed Ahmed ◽  
Colleen M. Makey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Vibration Technique ◽  
Retained Hemothorax ◽  
And Control ◽  
Negative Conclusion ◽  
Benchtop Model

Background. Retained hemothorax (RH) is a common problem in cardiothoracic and trauma surgery. We aimed to determine the optimum agitation technique to enhance thrombus dissolution and drainage and to apply the technique to a porcine-retained hemothorax. Methods. Three agitation techniques were tested: flush irrigation, ultrasound, and vibration. We used the techniques in a benchtop model with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and pig hemothorax with tPA. We used the most promising technique vibration in a pig hemothorax without tPA. Statistics. We used 2-sample t tests for each comparison and Cohen d tests to calculate effect size (ES). Results. In the benchtop model, mean drainages in the agitation group and control group and the ES were flush irrigation, 42%, 28%, and 2.91 ( P = .10); ultrasound, 35%, 27%, and .76 ( P = .30); and vibration, 28%, 19%, and 1.14 ( P = .04). In the pig hemothorax with tPA, mean drainages and the ES of each agitation technique compared with control (58%) were flush irrigation, 80% and 1.14 ( P = .37); ultrasound, 80% and 2.11 ( P = .17); and vibration, 95% and 3.98 ( P = .06). In the pig hemothorax model without tPA, mean drainages of the vibration technique and control group were 50% and 43% (ES = .29; P = .65). Discussion. In vitro studies suggested flush irrigation had the greatest effect, whereas only vibration was significantly different vs the respective controls. In vivo with tPA, vibration showed promising but not statistically significant results. Results of in vivo experiments without tPA were negative. Conclusion. Agitation techniques, in combination with tPA, may enhance drainage of hemothorax.

scholarly journals Interaction of Lactoferrin with Unsaturated Fatty Acids: In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Human Lactoferrin/Oleic Acid Complex Cytotoxicity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Anna Elizarova ◽  
Alexey Sokolov ◽  
Valeria Kostevich ◽  
Ekaterina Kisseleva ◽  
Evgeny Zelenskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Hepatoma 22A ◽  
Constitutive Parameters

As shown recently, oleic acid (OA) in complex with lactoferrin (LF) causes the death of cancer cells, but no mechanism(s) of that toxicity have been disclosed. In this study, constitutive parameters of the antitumor effect of LF/OA complex were explored. Complex LF/OA was prepared by titrating recombinant human LF with OA. Spectral analysis was used to assess possible structural changes of LF within its complex with OA. Structural features of apo-LF did not change within the complex LF:OA = 1:8, which was toxic for hepatoma 22a cells. Cytotoxicity of the complex LF:OA = 1:8 was tested in cultured hepatoma 22a cells and in fresh erythrocytes. Its anticancer activity was tested in mice carrying hepatoma 22a. In mice injected daily with LF-8OA, the same tumor grew significantly slower. In 20% of animals, the tumors completely resolved. LF alone was less efficient, i.e., the tumor growth index was 0.14 for LF-8OA and 0.63 for LF as compared with 1.0 in the control animals. The results of testing from 48 days after the tumor inoculation showed that the survival rate among LF-8OA-treated animals was 70%, contrary to 0% rate in the control group and among the LF-treated mice. Our data allow us to regard the complex of LF and OA as a promising tool for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Sulfasalazine modifies metabolic profiles and enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity on cholangiocarcinoma cells in in vitro and in vivo models

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malinee Thanee ◽  
Sureerat Padthaisong ◽  
Manida Suksawat ◽  
Hasaya Dokduang ◽  
Jutarop Phetcharaburanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Tryptophan Degradation ◽  
Xenograft Mice

Abstract Background Sulfasalazine (SSZ) is widely known as an xCT inhibitor suppressing CD44v9-expressed cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) being related to redox regulation. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has a high recurrence rate and no effective chemotherapy. A recent report revealed high levels of CD44v9-positive cells in CCA patients. Therefore, a combination of drugs could prove a suitable strategy for CCA treatment via individual metabolic profiling. Methods We examined the effect of xCT-targeted CD44v9-CSCs using sulfasalazine combined with cisplatin (CIS) or gemcitabine in CCA in vitro and in vivo models and did NMR-based metabolomics analysis of xenograft mice tumor tissues. Results Our findings suggest that combined SSZ and CIS leads to a higher inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of cell death than CIS alone in both in vitro and in vivo models. Xenograft mice showed that the CD44v9-CSC marker and CK-19-CCA proliferative marker were reduced in the combination treatment. Interestingly, different metabolic signatures and significant metabolites were observed in the drug-treated group compared with the control group that revealed the cancer suppression mechanisms. Conclusions SSZ could improve CCA therapy by sensitization to CIS through killing CD44v9-positive cells and modifying the metabolic pathways, in particular tryptophan degradation (i.e., kynurenine pathway, serotonin pathway) and nucleic acid metabolism.

scholarly journals Pharmacoinformatics and UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-Based Phytochemical Screening of Combretum indicum against Oxidative Stress and Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Long–Evans Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4634
Author(s):  
Md. Shaekh Forid ◽  
Md. Atiar Rahman ◽  
Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi ◽  
Md. Nazim Uddin ◽  
Tapashi Ghosh Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

This research investigated a UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-based phytochemical profiling of Combretum indicum leaf extract (CILEx), and explored its in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antidiabetic effects in a Long–Evans rat model. After a one-week intervention, the animals’ blood glucose, lipid profile, and pancreatic architectures were evaluated. UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS fragmentation of CILEx and its eight docking-guided compounds were further dissected to evaluate their roles using bioinformatics-based network pharmacological tools. Results showed a very promising antioxidative effect of CILEx. Both doses of CILEx were found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC), and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Pancreatic tissue architectures were much improved compared to the diabetic control group. A computational approach revealed that schizonepetoside E, melianol, leucodelphinidin, and arbutin were highly suitable for further therapeutic assessment. Arbutin, in a Gene Ontology and PPI network study, evolved as the most prospective constituent for 203 target proteins of 48 KEGG pathways regulating immune modulation and insulin secretion to control diabetes. The fragmentation mechanisms of the compounds are consistent with the obtained effects for CILEx. Results show that the natural compounds from CILEx could exert potential antidiabetic effects through in vivo and computational study.

scholarly journals Effect of a Rumen-Protected Microencapsulated Supplement from Linseed Oil on the Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Fatty Acid Composition in Korean Native Steers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253
Author(s):  
Chae-Hyung Sun ◽  
Jae-Sung Lee ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Won-Seob Kim ◽  
Hong-Gu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fluid

We evaluated the effects of a rumen-protected microencapsulated supplement from linseed oil (MO) on ruminal fluid, growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in Korean native steers. In an in vitro experiment, ruminal fluid was taken from two fistulated Holstein dairy cows. Different levels of MO (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) were added to the diet. In an in vivo experiment, eight steers (average body weight = 597.1 ± 50.26 kg; average age = 23.8 ± 0.12 months) were assigned to two dietary groups, no MO (control) and MO (3% MO supplementation on a DM basis), for 186 days. The in vitro study revealed that 3% MO is an optimal dose, as there were decreases in the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility at 48 h (p < 0.05). The in vivo study showed increases in the feed efficiency and average daily gain in the 3% MO group compared to the control group on days 1 to 90 (p < 0.05). Regarding meat quality, the shear force produced by the longissimus thoracis muscle in steers from the 3% MO group was lower than that produced by the control group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, in terms of the fatty acid profile, higher concentrations of C22:6n3 were demonstrated in the subcutaneous fat and higher concentrations of C18:3n3, C20:3n3, and C20:5n3 were found in the intramuscular fat from steers fed with 3% MO (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that supplementation with 3% MO supplements improves the growth performance and meat quality modulated by the omega-3 fatty acid content of meat in Korean native steers.

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