scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety and Associated Factors among Housemaids Working in Addis Ababa Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alem Kebede Ejigu ◽  
Zahra Reshid Seraj ◽  
Mahlet Wolday Gebre Libanos ◽  
Tolesa Fanta Jelcha ◽  
Yodit Habtamu Bezabih
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 16

Abstract Background: Housemaids are part of women with low socioeconomic status and most of them are migrant from rural to central part of Ethiopia, less educated, either with poor, separated, single or divorced family and/or dead parents. Housemaid may experience problems like depression and anxiety more than other groups of women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinants of those problems among housemaids. Objective: to assess the magnitude and determinants of depression & anxiety among housemaids in Addis Ababa; Ethiopia; 2018.Methods: community based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to August 30, 2018 among housemaids working in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was applied with a total of 826 samples. Quantitative data was employed by using structured questionnaires. The collected data was coded, entered in to Epi-Info version 7 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Descriptive, analytical statistical procedures; bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval was employed. The statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05.Results: This study enrolled 862 participants with response rate 99.5%, 99.5% refers to the number of people who actually completed the interview. The result showed prevalence of depression and anxiety among housemaids 27.5% and 32.3% respectively. Among all participants 44.6% (95% CI= 41.0 – 47.9) have mild, 18.5% (95% CI= 15.7 – 21.2) have moderate and 6.1% (95% CI= 4.5 – 7.8) have severe form of comorbid anxiety with depression. Depression (44.9%) and anxiety (41.9%) found more prevalent among the age group 16 to 20. In this study history of parental divorce, divorce, physical violence and sexual violence are positively associated. Other factors; being less educated and living with relatives; were associated negatively. Conclusion: The prevalence of Depression and Anxiety is found high among housemaid; its prevalence is more among age group 16 to 20 than other age groups. Violence, divorce, history of parental divorce and contraceptive use has positively associated with depression and anxiety.

scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety and Associated Factors among Housemaids Working in Addis Ababa Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alem Kebede Ejigu ◽  
Zahra Reshid Seraj ◽  
Mahlet Wolday Gebre Libanos ◽  
Tolosa Fanta Jelcha ◽  
Yodit Habtamu Bezabih
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 16

Abstract Background: Housemaids are part of women’s with low socioeconomic status and most of them are migrant from rural to central part of Ethiopia, less educated, either with poor, separated, single or divorced family and/or dead parents. Housemaid may experience problems like depression and anxiety more than other groups of women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinants of those problems among housemaids. Objective: to assess the magnitude and determinants of depression & anxiety among housemaids in Addis Ababa; Ethiopia; 2018. Methods: community based cross-sectional study was conduct from January 2018 – August 2018 housemaid working in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was applied with a total of 826 samples. Quantitative data was employed by using structured questionnaires. The collected data was coded, entered in to Epi-Info version 7 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Descriptive, analytical statistical procedures; bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval was employed. The statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05. Results: This study enrolled 862 participants with response rate 99.5%. The result showed that prevalence of depression and anxiety found 27.5% (95% CI= 24.3 – 30.40) and 32.3% (95% CI= 29.3 - 35.4) respectively. Among all participants 44.6% (95% CI= 41.0 – 47.9) have mild, 18.5% (95% CI= 15.7 – 21.2) have moderate and 6.1% (95% CI= 4.5 – 7.8) have severe form of comorbid anxiety with depression. Both depression and anxiety found more (44.9% & 41.9% respectively) prevalent among age group 16 to 20. In this study history of parental divorce, divorce, physical violence and sexual violence are positively associated. Other factors; being less educated (not educated, 1 ry & 2 ry level of education) and living with relatives; were associated negatively. Conclusion: The prevalence of Depression and Anxiety is found high among housemaid; its prevalence is more among age group 16 to 20 than other age groups. Violence, divorce, history of parental divorce and no contraceptive use have positively associated with depression and anxiety.

Violence committed and victimization in courtship in adolescents: Does gender matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Villegas Vázquez ◽  
J C Leyva Chipol ◽  
K C Cervantes Gómez ◽  
S I Valencia Almeida ◽  
F G Márquez Celedonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
History Of ◽  
Del Rio

Abstract Introduction Within the current context in our Mexico, major states of violence for women have been manifested on a daily basis without having any more reason than being female. Veracruz is the first place in feminicides in Mexico with a rate of 3.44 per 100 thousand women. Research question: What is the intensity of the violence committed and victimization in the courtship of young students of the Upper Middle level in the Veracruz - Boca del Río area, according to their gender? Material and Methods A cross-sectional, prospective, observational and analytical study was carried out from December to February 2020. Middle-high school students from the Veracruz-Boca del Río region were included, who had a dating relationship and were excluded those who did not accept to participate. The variable “violence committed and victimization in courtship” was quantified with the CADRI instrument. The spss v22 software was used, Sudent's T was calculated for independent samples, with statistical significance p &lt; 0.05. Results 741 students were included. There was a prevalence of violence committed of 86.2% and victimization of 89.2%. Of the total number of students who suffered and committed violence, women occupy 66.3% and 66.7% respectively. There is a difference in the intensity of violence between women and men in verbal-emotional violence (4.5 ± 4.2 vs. 3.4 ± 3.4), physical violence (0.6 ± 1.3 vs. 0.36 ± 3.6) and violence in general (5.7 ± 5.7 vs 4.3 ± 4.8) (p &lt; 0.05), while victimization scores do not make a difference between both genders (p &gt; 0.05). The history of psychological and sexual violence in previous relationships, as well as sexual violence in daily life are more frequent in the female sex (p &lt; 0.05) Conclusions The violence generated is more intense in women, however, they also have a history of having suffered violence more frequently in previous relationships and in their daily lives. Key messages Women suffer more aggressions at different stages of their lives, which may increase the risk to tolerate aggressions or be more aggressive or suffer mental health problems. We must study if the violence generated by women is a response to a previous aggression from their boyfriend.

scholarly journals Depression and Anxiety among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kalpana Sharma ◽  
Govinda Dhungana ◽  
Shailendra Adhikari ◽  
Archana Bista Pandey ◽  
Muna Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diabetes Patients

The prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders is common among people with diabetes mellitus. Coexistence of diabetes and depression/anxiety increases the risk of diabetes complications and reduces the overall quality of life. Hence, this study aimed to assess the depression and anxiety among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chitwan. Descriptive survey was carried out among 296 purposively selected clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients admitted in the Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital from 15th June 2018 to 17th September 2019. Patients were interviewed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7 (GAD-7). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Of 296 diabetic patients, 48.6% were 60 years and above, 59.5% female and 61.5% literate; their common occupation was agriculture (38.2%) followed by household work (26.4%). Nearly two-thirds (62.8%) of diabetes patients had other chronic comorbid conditions. Depression and anxiety were observed among 57.8% and 49.7% of diabetes patients, respectively. While observing the severity, 27.4%, 19.6%, 8.4%, and 2.4% of patients had mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, respectively. Likewise, 24.7%, 20.3%, and 4.7% of patients had mild, moderate, and severe anxiety, respectively. Current living status, educational status, medicine adherence, satisfaction toward current treatment, and history of mental illness in the family were found to be significant factors associated with the anxiety of patients with diabetes. Further, educational status, smoking habit, satisfaction towards current treatment, and history of diabetes in family were the factors associated with depression. Prevalence of depression and anxiety is high among admitted patients with diabetes mellitus, and many factors are associated with it. Hence, regular screening services are essential along with diabetes management plan for timely identification and treatment of the vulnerable groups in the healthcare centers.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Orphan Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekdes Beze Demoze ◽  
Dessie Abebaw Angaw ◽  
Haregwoin Mulat
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Background. Orphan adolescents are a special group of people who are generally deprived and prone to develop psychiatric disorder even if reared in a well-run institution. Objective. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among orphan adolescents living in Addis Ababa orphan centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 among 453 orphan adolescents in Ethiopia. All orphan adolescents who were living in the selected orphan centers were included in the study. The data was collected by interviewing the orphan adolescents at the orphan center by using a structured questionnaire. Kocher adolescent depression scale and MSPSS scale were used to measure orphan level of depression and their perceived social support. After appropriate coding, the collected data had been entered into EPI info version 7 and it was exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. The OR with 95% CI was used to measure association and p value < 0.05 was used as statistically significant value in multivariable binary logistic regressions. Result. The overall prevalence of depression among the orphan adolescents was found to be 36.4%. The majority of the respondents, 302 (66.7%), were within the age range of 15-19 years. Perceived social support (OR 5.86; 95% CI 3.47, 9.91), community discrimination (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.58, 4.56), length of stay (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.08, 3.35), age of entrance (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.32, 3.69), and presence of visitors (OR 3.62; 95% CI 2.06, 6.37) were the main variables associated with depression. Conclusion. The prevalence of depression among orphan adolescents was found to be high. Low level of social support, higher length of stay, community discrimination, the presence of visitors, and younger age of entrance were statistically significant variables to develop depression.

scholarly journals Prevalence of depression and its association with parental neglect among adolescents at governmental high schools of Aksum town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019: A cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enguday Tirfeneh ◽  
Mengesha Srah
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Neglect ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Background depression is one of the most serious and prevalent mental illnesses that can result in serious disability and ending life by committing suicide and homicide. The risks of having depression are substantially higher in persons who have parental neglect when compared to the general population.Objective To detect prevalence of depression and its association with parental neglect among adolescents in governmental high schools at Aksum town, Tigray, Ethiopia 2019Method A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1-30/2019 at Aksum town high schools. Public health questionnaire was used in this study to detect Depression. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected with face to face interview. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social science version 22. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to see the association between depression and parental neglect. Adjusted Odds ratio at a p-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval was taken to declare statistical significance of variables.

scholarly journals HYPOTHYROIDISM;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Shafat Khatoon ◽  
Aijaz Ahmed ◽  
Nighat Jabeen ◽  
Erum Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Group I ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients ◽  
Significant Health

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally:more people die annually from CVDs than from any other cause. An estimated 17.5 millionpeople died from CVDs in 2012, representing 31% of all global deaths. Although CVDs areuncommon entity in young patients, it constitutes significant health problem due to itsdyslipidemia cases and devastating effects on active life style of young patients, it is thereforeimportant to identify diseases in young that are associated with or a cause of dyslipidemia1.Hypothyroidism is an important cause of dyslipidemia in young that can significantly increasethe risk of CVDs2. Objectives: This study is designed “to determine frequency of dyslipidemiain young hypothyroid patients”. Place and duration of Study: Study conducted at MedicalOPD JPMC, Karachi (outpatient) in six months duration from 25th May 2009 to 24th November2009. Patients and Methods: Study is performed on 100 newly diagnosed cases of primaryhypothyroidism between ages 25 to 55 years, non-smokers, having no previous history ofIschemic Heart Disease (IHD) or family history of premature CVD, diabetes mellitus (DM), hepaticor renal disease, not on drugs which could alter serum lipids. Selected case undergone 14hours fasting lipid profile check. Results: Out of 100 hypothyroid cases, 91% had dyslipidemiawhich was directly proportional to severity of hypothyroidism. Out of 100 hypothyroid cases,95 (95%) were of young age group i-e from 25-49 years, and all of them were dyslipidemic,while 05 (5%) hypothyroid patients were of age group more than 50 years and none of themhad dyslipidemia. (0.00%) and this distribution of dyslipidemic in young hypothyroid patientsis statistically significant (p value 0.031) Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is associated with highfrequency of dyslipidemia in young patients which significantly predisposes them to risks ofCVDs.

scholarly journals Predicting difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Kumar Gupta ◽  
Nitin Shiwach ◽  
Sonisha Gupta ◽  
Shalabh Gupta ◽  
Apoorv Goel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Gall Bladder Wall ◽  
History Of

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard treatment for gallstone disease. Though mostly safe occasionally it can be difficult due to various problems faced during surgical procedure. Anticipation of likely difficulty can help in avoiding complications.Methods: With the aim of identifying various predictors of difficulty and their correlation with likely difficulty this prospective study on 50 adults undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis was undertaken. Various clinical, radiological and biochemical predictors and frequency and type of intraoperative difficulty was recorded.Results: In present study adverse clinical factors only showed significant predictive value (p value - 0.005). Adverse radiological predictors although showing trend towards, did not achieve statistical significance (p value 0.065). In clinical predictors duration of symptoms >1yr, History of acute cholecystitis and BMI >30 showed statistically significant association. Age >50yrs, Male gender, radiological predictors (Thickened gall bladder wall, small contracted gall bladder, Single large impacted stone) and deranged LFT did not show significant predictive value.Conclusions: Clinical predictors are most reliable factors. Use of good clinical judgement regarding possibility of and likely difficulty along with understanding of available resources is important in making decision in each case.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Admitted Adult Patients in Surgical and Medical Wards of Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Merga Siyoum ◽  
Getachew Assfaw ◽  
Henok Yitbark ◽  
Getachew Tesfaw
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
History Of

Background. Depression is a leading cause of major public health problems globally, and its prevalence has been increasing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries including our country. Therefore, this study is aimed at exploring depression symptoms and their determinants among admitted medical and surgical patients which is important to get optimal care for patients. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2019, on adults’ medical and surgical admitted patients at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The systematic random sampling technique was used to get a total of 590 samples. The standardized hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to assess individual depression symptoms. We computed the bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with depression symptoms. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05 . Result. The prevalence of depression symptoms was found to be 53.9% (95% CI: 50.2, 57.0). In the multivariable logistic regression, female sex ( AOR = 2.04 , 95% CI: 1.35, 3.09), being single ( AOR = 3.65 , 95% CI: 3.48, 2.10, 5.78), widowed ( AOR = 2.82 , 95% CI: 1.27, 6.30), unable to read and write ( AOR = 2.71 , 95% CI: 1.14, 6.47), admission at medical ward ( AOR = 1.59 , 95% CI: 1.02, 2.46), history of mental illness ( AOR = 1.59 , 95% CI: 1.02, 2.46), and poor social support ( AOR = 2.82 , 95% CI: 1.57, 5.11) were factors significantly associated with depression symptoms. Conclusion. The prevalence of depression symptoms among admitted patients was high. Female sex, being single, widowed, unable to read and write, admission at medical ward, history of mental illness, and poor social support were factors significantly associated with depression symptoms. It is better for the Ministry of Health to give training on how to screen depression among medical and surgical patients, and interventions that would be addressing the awareness of the above factors would be beneficial to prevent further complications.

To study prevalence of adult ADHD among patients with intentional self harm

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Baskaran V ◽  
Kalaichandar M ◽  
Kirubakaran K ◽  
Kokila K ◽  
Jeevitha M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Age Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Psychiatric Department

In Adult life, the symptoms like hyperactivity/impulsivity manifest less frequently, the hyperactivity symptoms tend to turn into “inner restlessness ”on adulthood which are exhibited as symptoms including impulsivity, inattention, executive dys regulation such as high distractible, poor time management ,impulsive decision making, sudden burst of energy leading to excessive speed while driving, memory disturbances especially working memory, difficulty standing in a single posture or place. Among the 112 patients who attended psychiatric OPD,45 of them were recruited for the study with History of intentional self harm, Mean age group of the study was 28.27 and the study subjects were divided into two groups Intentional self Harm with ADHD and Intentional self harm without ADHD ,two groups were compared with each other , majority of them were between the Age group 21-30 yrs in both the groups(P=2.113), preponderance of female was seen in intentional self harm without ADHD groups (p=4.544), subjects in this study came from semi urban background, from both the groups (P=1.784), nuclear family (P=0.675) and middle socio economic status(6.585). The main method used by subjects in both group (P=2.742)was multiple tablets with medium suicidal intent (p=1.044). When comparing the both groups no statistical significance could be found between them.Very few patients were refereed to psychiatric department as patients and their attenders were reluctant for referral due to the fear of stigma. This Study showed no statistical significant between Adult ADHD and Intentional Self Harm suggesting ADHD could be a co factor and not the probable cause for intentional self harm.

Abstract P192: Depression And Anxiety Are Associated With Cardiovascular Health In Young Adults

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierra L Patterson ◽  
Michele Marcus ◽  
Margarethe Goetz ◽  
Holly C Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Lower Standard ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Introduction: Cardiovascular health (CVH) declines substantially in young adulthood, and mood disorders commonly emerge during this life stage. This study aimed to examine the association between CVH metrics and 1) depression and 2) anxiety among young adults ages 18-34 years. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that young adults with depression or anxiety will have less optimal CVH. Methods: We used data from the Emory Healthy Aging Study (EHAS), a prospective cohort study of US adults that aims to understand factors associated with aging. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among participants ages 18-34 years who completed the EHAS Health History Questionnaire (n=882). We classified participants as having poor, intermediate, or ideal levels of the seven CVH metrics using definitions set forth by the AHA, with slight modifications as needed based on questionnaire items, and calculated total CVH scores (range 0-14). We defined depression and anxiety as absent, mild, or moderate-to-severe using standard cutoffs for Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scales. We used multivariable regression to examine the association between CVH, depression, and anxiety, controlling for gender, race, age group, income, and education. Results: A total of 134 (15.2%) participants had moderate-to-severe anxiety, and 132 (15.0%) participants had moderate-to-severe depression. The mean total CVH score among participants was 10.4. Compared to those without anxiety, participants with moderate-to-severe anxiety were less likely to meet ideal levels of physical activity (PR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.90), smoking (PR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.98), and body mass index (PR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65-0.94). Participants with moderate-to-severe depression were less likely to meet ideal levels of cholesterol (PR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86-1.00), physical activity (PR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.30-0.69), smoking (PR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.79-0.99), blood pressure (PR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98), and body mass index (PR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71-0.93). Stratified analysis showed that these associations appeared stronger in older young adults (26-34 years). Relative to those without anxiety, participants with moderate-to-severe anxiety had a CVH score that was 0.91 points lower (standard error: 0.18, p-value<0.01). Relative to those without depression, participants with moderate-to-severe depression had a CVH score that was 1.19 points lower (standard error: 0.18, p-value<0.01). Conclusion: Anxiety and depression are associated with CVH in young adults. Interventions to address mood disorders in this age group should consider targeting CVH behaviors such as physical activity and weight management to improve both mood and CVH.

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