The gender-specific associations between body composition, countermovement jump performance and bone quality in a young Chinese population

Abstract Background: Prophylactic interventions against osteoporosis require a determination of the factors that influence the bone status during adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the associations between body composition parameters (body height (BH), body weight (BW), fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), lower limb muscle mass (LLMM), lower limb fat mass (LLFM)), countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, and calcaneal bone stiffness (SI) in a population of young adults. Methods: The study population included 560 Chinese adults (369 females), aged 20-40 years. Body composition was obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The CMJ performance (CMJ height (CMJH), the impulse of CMJ phase (ICMJ) and potential energy in the CMJ phase (ECMJ)) was obtained by 3 maximal CMJ trials on ZTJ-II system. Bone quality was measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Results: The present study found BW, FFM and LLMM had significant correlations with SI both in males (r=0.20-0.24, p<0.05) and females (r=0.12-0.20, p<0.05). However, FM and LLFM had positive correlations with SI only in females (p<0.05). CMJ performances, including CMJH, ICMJ and ECMJ, had significant positive correlations with SI in men (r=0.415, p<0.01; r=0.32, p<0.01; and r=0.39, p<0.01, respectively) and women (r=0.248, p<0.01; r=0.26, p<0.01; r=0.3, p<0.01, respectively). Conclusions: This provides evidence that local muscle mass have greater positive associations with calcaneal bone quality than total FFM, and local muscle mass and power are the determinations of region bone quality in young adults. The bone–muscle relationship is more prominent in males than in females.

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Seasonal Body Composition Variation Amongst Elite European Professional Soccer Players: An Approach of Talent Identification

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2017-0132 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 177-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Adam Lee Owen ◽

Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽

Gordon Dunlop ◽

Rouissi Mehdi ◽

Moktar Chtara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Body Height ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Elite Level ◽

Composition Profiles

AbstractThe primary aim of the investigation was to study the seasonal changes in body composition in elite European soccer players and identify key playing positional differences. Twenty-two players (age = 24 ± 3.7 years, body height = 180.45 ± 5.12 cm, body mass = 76.66 ± 5.34 kg) were tested. Players’ mass (kg), lean body mass (LBM), fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), muscle girths (MG) and sum of 8 skinfolds (mm) were measured across 5 time points (T0 = Start of pre-season training; T1 = End of pre-season training; T2 = Mid-season; T3 = End of mid-season break; T4 = End of season). Players were divided into their tactical positional roles for analysis. The specific positions they were divided into included defenders (n = 8), midfielders (n = 8) and forwards (n = 6). Assessment of training and matchplay exposure were also recorded. Sites-4, Sites-7, Sites-8 and Fat Mass decreased dramatically from T0 to T1 and T2 in all playing positions (p < 0.01), while no remarkable differences were found between T2, T3 and T4. Except for defenders, calf girth and lean mass were higher in T2, T3 and T4 compared to T0 and T1 (p < 0.01). Midfielders were found to be leaner than forwards and defenders in all data collection time point sessions. Defenders showed higher values in calf girth and lean body mass than midfielders and forwards. It can be concluded from this investigation that there are large variances n positional body composition profiles amongst professional European soccer players. Furthermore, significant changes are prevalent and occur across the season from LBM, FFM, MG and skinfold assessment amongst European elite level soccer players.

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COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BODY COMPOSITION PARAMETERS IN TEAM SPORTS AND SPRINT TRAINED INDIAN ATHLETES

Journal of Applied Sports Sciences ◽

10.37393/jass.2021.01.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2021) ◽

pp. 3-11

Author(s):

Subhojit Chatterjee ◽

◽

Usra Hasan ◽

Subhra Chatterjee ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Team Sports ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Training Status ◽

Body Cell Mass ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Body Cell

Introduction: Physiological and body composition variables have important role for assessment of training status and evaluation of health status of athletes. Regular monitoring of these variables during training may provide valuable information to coaches for training and selection of players’ training protocol participating in both team sports and individual events. Purpose and objectives of the study: The aims of this study were to compare physiological and body composition variables between male athletes participating in team sports (football) and individual sprint event and also to correlate training duration (both in years and hours per week) of male athletes participating in both team sports as well as sprint with physiological and body composition variables. Applied Methodology: The study was carried out with thirty-year-old (n=30) and BMI matching male Indian athletes participating in team sports (football, n=16) and individual sprint event (n=14), having minimum 2 years of official training. They were in post competitive phase during the test. Several physiological and body composition variables were assessed such as height, weight, body mass index, training age (years), training time (hours/week), fat mass, fat-free mass, body cell mass, muscle mass, VO2 max, maximal power, training intensity and fatigue index following standard protocol. Achieved major results: The sprinters were found to possess significantly more fat free mass (p < .01), body cell mass (p < .01), muscle mass (p < .01), less fat mass (p < .05) and more average anaerobic power (p < .01) than their peers - football players. However, no significant correlation was found between any of the measured physiological and body composition parameters and the training status of these players. Conclusion: This study would provide useful information for assigning training protocols to the athletes participating in team sports and individual sprint events on the basis of physiological and body composition parameters.

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The effect of liver enzymes on body composition: a Mendelian randomization study

10.1101/732685 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jun Xi Liu ◽

Shiu Lun Au Yeung ◽

Man Ki Kwok ◽

June Yue Yan Leung ◽

Lai Ling Hui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Liver Function ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Positive Association ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

The Uk

AbstractBackgroundHigher alanine transaminase (ALT) is positively associated with diabetes but inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) in Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, suggesting liver function may affect body composition. To clarify, we assessed the association of liver function with muscle and fat mass observationally with two-sample MR as a validation.MethodsIn the population-representative “Children of 1997” birth cohort, we used multivariable linear regression to assess the adjusted associations of ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (IU/L) at ~17.5 years with muscle mass (kg) and body fat percentage (%). Genetic variants predicting ALT, ALP and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) (100% change in concentration) were applied to fat-free and fat mass (kg) in the UK Biobank (n=~331,000) to obtain unconfounded estimates using MR.ResultsObservationally, ALT was positively associated with muscle mass (0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10 to 0.12) and fat percentage (0.15, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.17). ALP was inversely associated with muscle mass (−0.03, 95% CI −0.04 to −0.02) and fat percentage (−0.02, 95% CI −0.03 to −0.01). Using MR, ALT was inversely associated with fat-free mass (−0.41, 95% CI −0.64 to −0.19) and fat mass (−0.58, 95% CI −0.85 to −0.30). ALP was not clearly associated with body composition. GGT was positively associated with fat-free (0.30, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.06) and fat mass (0.41, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.71).ConclusionALT reducing fat-free mass provides a possible pathway for the positive association of ALT with diabetes, and suggests a potential target of intervention.

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Dietary Energy Density is Associated with Body Mass Index and Fat Mass in Early Adulthood

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773819883192 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 105477381988319

Author(s):

María Correa-Rodríguez ◽

Emilio González-Jiménez ◽

Ángel Fernández-Aparicio ◽

Jose Luis Gómez-Urquiza ◽

Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Young Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Density ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Mass Percent ◽

Dietary Energy Density

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between body composition parameters as well as body mass index (BMI), and dietary energy density in a population of 538 young adults. Fat mass, fat mass percent, fat-free mass, and visceral fat were measured using a body composition analyzer. Daily energy intake was assessed using a 72-hr diet recall, and dietary energy density was calculated. Significant differences in dietary energy density among underweight, normal-weight and overweight/obesity young adults were identified ( M = 1.42, SD = 0.26 vs. M = 1.52, SD = 0.46 vs. M = 1.66, SD = 0.53, p = .002). Dietary energy density was associated with BMI (β = .961; CI 95% = 0.335, 1.586; p = .0030), fat mass percent (β = 1.921; CI 95% = 0.707, 3.135; p = .002), and fat mass (β = 2.146; CI 95% = 0.827, 3.466; p = .001). Dietary energy density might be considered as an important aspect in the obesity nutritional education programs in young people.

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Effects of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin in supplementary protein powder on athlete body composition: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12970-019-0303-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Naomi Omi ◽

Hideki Shiba ◽

Eisaku Nishimura ◽

Sakuka Tsukamoto ◽

Hiroko Maruki-Uchida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lower Limb ◽

American Football ◽

Double Blind Trial ◽

Double Blind ◽

Blind Trial

Abstract Background Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), a water-soluble quercetin, has been shown to intensify muscle hypertrophy in mice. We investigated the effect of EMIQ in supplementary protein powder on athlete body composition. Methods Forty Japanese males who played American football (age: 19.8 ± 1.4 years; body height: 174.1 ± 6.0 cm; body mass: 75.5 ± 10.7 kg) were assigned to a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of parallel group. Participants received either EMIQ in whey protein (EW, n = 19) or contrast whey protein (W, n = 20) 6 days per week over 4 months. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Markers of oxidative stress, derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP), were assessed using a free radical analytical system. Data were analyzed using a univariate and repeated measures general model statistics. Results After 4 months, changes in lower limb fat-free mass and muscle mass were significantly greater in the EW group than in the W group (mean change ±95% CI; W: 324.1 ± 284.3, EW: 950.3 ± 473.2, p = 0.031, W: 255.7 ± 288.6, EW: 930.9 ± 471.5, p = 0.021, respectively). Moreover, the EW group exhibited a significantly higher BAP/d-ROMs ratio, antioxidation index, than the W group after 4 months (mean change ± SD; W: 8.8 ± 1.1, EW: 10.3 ± 2.8; p = 0.028). No significant differences in body mass, lean body mass, fat mass, or lower limb fat mass were observed between the groups. Conclusion Ingestion of EMIQ in supplementary protein powder for 4 months exerts antioxidant effects and increases muscle mass among American football players. Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, UMIN000036036. Retrospectively registered in 2019.

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EFFECTS OF PROGRAMMED FITNESS EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION AMONG PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport ◽

10.22190/fupes180411005b ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 047

Author(s):

Predrag Bićanin ◽

Saša Milenković ◽

Dragan Radovanović ◽

Aco Gajević ◽

Jelena Ivanović

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Mass Percentage ◽

Fitness Clubs ◽

Experimental Group

This research included a sample of 79 pre-school boys aged 6 and 7 with 40 of them in the experimental group and 39 in the control group. Their current state of body composition was studied, as well as their relations after a 6-month fitness treatment that the experimental group of participants was involved in, in order to analyze its effects. The experimental group had two classes per week, in addition to regular programmed activities as part of the children’s sport school (three times per week), and as part of 48 of additional, six-month training lessons of exercising in sport (fitness) clubs. The following variables have been used to evaluate body composition with the application of bio-electric impedance In Body 230 such as: muscle mass, percentage of muscle mass, body fat mass, percentage of body fat mass, fat free mass, percentage of fat free mass. Although small to moderate effects were obtained by the double mixed ANOVA, the results show the experimental group’s achievements as significantly higher than those of the control group. Furthermore, with individual eta coefficient findings in comparison with each group measurements, it is clear that the value of the obtained effects is different between groups to the benefit of the experimental group. Permanent implementation of the proposed programme could contribute to an improvement on the studied body composition variables which can result in the better health status of children in future.

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Comparisons of a Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to the Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan in Healthy Young Adults Depending on their Physical Activity Level

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2015-0063 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 73-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Julien Verney ◽

Chloé Schwartz ◽

Saliha Amiche ◽

Bruno Pereira ◽

David Thivel

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Activity Level ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

X Ray

AbstractThis study aimed at comparing BIA and DXA results in assessing body composition in young adults depending on their physical activity level. Eighty healthy 19-30 years old subjects were enrolled and their body composition (Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and by a newly developed Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (BIA - Tanita MC780). A seven-day physical activity level was assessed using a 3-axial accelerometer. DXA-FM% and BIA-FM% were correlated (p<0.001; r= 0.852; ICC [IC95%]: 0.84 [0.75 – 0.90]; concordance coefficient: 0.844). DXA-FFM and BIA FFM were correlated (p<0.001; r=0.976; ICC [IC95%]: 0.95 [0.93 – 0.97], concordance coefficient: 0.955). DXA and BIA measurements of FM% and FFM were highly correlated in both boys and girls regardless of the physical activity level. Compared with DXA scans, newly developed bioelectrical impedance analyzers provide satisfactory fat mass and lean mass measures in healthy young women and men, despite their physical activity level.

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Association between an IGF-I gene polymorphism and body fatness: differences between generations

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.1.02101 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 154 (3) ◽

pp. 379-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Paul G Voorhoeve ◽

Elisabeth F C van Rossum ◽

Saskia J te Velde ◽

Jan W Koper ◽

Han C G Kemper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Body Height ◽

Promoter Polymorphism ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Igf I ◽

Total Fat ◽

I Gene

Objective: A polymorphism near the promoter region of the IGF-I gene has been associated with serum IGF-I levels, body height and birth weight. In this study, we investigated whether this polymorphism is associated with body composition in young healthy subjects in two cohorts of different generations. Design: Observational study with repeated measurements. Methods: The study group consisted of two comparable young Dutch cohorts with a generational difference of around 20 years. The older cohort consisted of 359 subjects born between 1961 and 1965. Measurements were performed from 13 until 36 years of age. The younger cohort consisted of 258 subjects born between 1981 and 1989. Measurements were performed from 8 until 14 years of age. Height, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, fat-free mass, waist and hip circumference were compared between wild-type carriers and variant type carriers of the IGF-I polymorphism. Results: In the younger cohort, body weight, BMI, fat mass and waist circumference were significantly higher in female variant carriers of the IGF-I polymorphism. A similar trend was observed in male variant carriers. In contrast, these differences were not observed in the older cohort. Irrespective of genotype, the younger cohort showed a significantly higher total fat mass, body weight and BMI compared with the older cohort. Conclusions: Because the differences between both genotypes were small, it seems likely that the genetic variability due to this IGF-I polymorphism impacts only slightly on body composition. Importantly, our study suggested that associations between this IGF-I promoter polymorphism and body composition possibly reflect a gene–environmental interaction of this polymorphism and that an environment that promotes obesity leads to a slightly more pronounced fat accumulation in variant carriers of this IGF-I polymorphism.

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The Utility of Body Composition Assessment in Nutrition and Clinical Practice: An Overview of Current Methodology

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2493

Author(s):

Clifton J. Holmes ◽

Susan B. Racette

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Natural Increase ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Body Composition Assessment

Body composition is a key component for maintaining good general health and longevity. It can be influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, environment, and lifestyle choices. The assessment of body composition is an essential tool for nutrition specialists to effectively evaluate nutritional status and monitor progression during dietary interventions. As humans age, there is a natural increase in fat mass coupled with a gradual decline in lean mass, specifically in bone and muscle mass. Individuals with a high body fat percentage are at a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, several types of cancer, and early mortality. Significant decreases in bone mineral density signify osteopenia and osteoporosis, while reductions in skeletal muscle mass increase the risk of developing sarcopenia. Moreover, undernutrition exacerbates the effects of many medical conditions and is important to address. Though weight tracking and calculation of BMI are used commonly by clinicians and dietitians, these measures do not provide insight on the relative contributions of fat mass and fat-free mass or the changes in these compartments that may reflect disease risk. Therefore, it is important that healthcare professionals have a critical understanding of body composition assessment and the strengths and limitations of the methods available.

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Classic Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Reference Values for Assessing Body Composition in Male and Female Athletes

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16245066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (24) ◽

pp. 5066 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Francesco Campa ◽

Catarina Matias ◽

Hannes Gatterer ◽

Stefania Toselli ◽

Josely C. Koury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Reference Values ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Body Height ◽

Team Sports ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Male And Female

Bioimpedance standards are well established for the normal healthy population and in clinical settings, but they are not available for many sports categories. The aim of this study was to develop reference values for male and female athletes using classic bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA). In this study, 1556 athletes engaged in different sports were evaluated during their off-season period. A tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analyzer was used to determine measurements of resistance (R) and reactance (Xc). The classic BIVA procedure, which corrects bioelectrical values for body height, was applied, and fat-free mass, fat mass, and total body water were estimated. In order to verify the need for specific references, classic bioelectrical values were compared to the reference values for the general male and female populations. Additionally, athletes were divided into three groups: endurance, velocity/power, and team sports. In comparison with the general healthy male and female populations, the mean vectors of the athletes showed a shift to the left on the R–Xc graph. Considering the same set of modalities, BIVA confidence graphs showed that male and female endurance athletes presented lower body fluids, fat mass, and fat-free mass than other sets of modalities. This study provides BIVA reference values for an athletic population that can be used as a standard for assessing body composition in male and female athletes.

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