scholarly journals Influence of genome methylation of fig tree accessions on the natural nematode and rust incidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriela Fontanetti Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Carolina Firmino ◽  
Juliano Jorge Valentim ◽  
Bruno Ettore Pavan ◽  
Antonio Flávio Arruda Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Genome Methylation ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Fig Tree

Abstract Brazil is the largest fig producer in South America, but the Brazilian commercial fig tree cultivation is based on the planting of a single cultivar, ‘Roxo-de-Valinhos’, resulting in serious problems related to diseases. Since there are epigenetic variations in the plant-pathogen interaction, mainly through gene regulation, the aim of this study was to carry out the in vivo characterization of fig accessions through the analysis of the natural root-knot nematode and leaf rust incidence correlated to its epigenomic profile, in order to support conservation works and genetic improvement. Regarding the analysis of the presence of nematodes, it was observed that all plants were attacked by this pathogen, and the identification of Meloidogyne incognita as the root-knot nematode species was confirmed. However, the rust incidence and the global genomic methylation content where statistical different between evaluated accessions. The joint analysis of data showed that methylation and the leaf rust incidence, when observed in the same phenological phase of plants, are correlated, presenting evidences of the same factorial pressure loads in genotypes, with the premise of similar behavior in these genotypes. Biotic factors are also responsible for changes in the DNA methylation of plants, demonstrating a positive role in promoting plant defense.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES IN SWEETPOTATO

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 868e-869
Author(s):  
J.A. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Thirteen sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) genotypes were characterized for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. hapla, and M. arenaria races 1 and 2 in greenhouse tests. The following sweetpotato genotypes representing a range of reactions to M. incognita were evaluated: U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) 399163 (highly resistant = HR), Sumor (HR), Nemagold (HR), Excel (HR), Tinian (HR), Hernandez (resistant = R), Jewel (R), Regal (R), Porto Rico (intermediate = I), Centennial (susceptible = S), Georgia Jet (S), Sulfur (S), and Beauregard (S). Meloidogyne incognita was most pathogenic to sweetpotato of the four Meloidogyne spp. evaluated in these studies. The U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) 399163 and Sumor were resistant to M. incognita in all tests. Only two genotypes, Beauregard and Porto Rico, were susceptible to M. javanica. All genotypes evaluated were resistant to M. hapla, M. arenaria race 1, and M. arenaria race 2. Sumor, U.S. PI 399163, and Nemagold appear to provide the highest levels of resistance against the four Meloidogyne spp. used in these studies. Since M. incognita is the most commonly occurring root-knot nematode species in sweetpotato growing areas of the southern U.S. and is pathogenic to most of the commonly grown sweetpotato cultivars, efforts to develop resistant cultivars that have desirable horticultural characteristics for the U.S. market should be directed toward this root-knot nematode species.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Meloidogyne hispanica (Nematoda, Meloidogynidae) by Phylogenetic Analysis of Genes Within the rDNA in Meloidogyne spp.

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1104-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca B. Landa ◽  
Juan E. Palomares Rius ◽  
Nicola Vovlas ◽  
Regina M. D. G. Carneiro ◽  
Carla M. N. Maleita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Prunus Spp

In the past, the distribution of Meloidogyne hispanica, the Seville root-knot nematode, appeared to be restricted to the southern part of Spain and Prunus spp.; however, its distribution has been confirmed to be worldwide because it occurs in all continents (Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and North, Central, and South America). Differentiation of M. hispanica from other Meloidogyne spp., mainly M. arenaria, can be very difficult using morphological and biological traits data. These species are quite similar and can be regularly confused in inaccurate taxonomic comparisons. In this study, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and phylogenetic analysis of sequences from three ribosomal (r)DNA regions (18S, internal transcribed spacer [ITS]1-5.8S-ITS2, and D2-D3 of 28S) were used to characterize three M. hispanica isolates from different geographical origins (Brazil, Portugal, and Spain). Molecular analyses showed identical sequences for all three isolates for the three rDNA regions. Maximum parsimony analysis of the three rDNA regions and the species-specific PCR demonstrated and supported the differentiation of M. hispanica from M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. arenaria and from all described root-knot nematode species.

Genetic characterization of Meloidogyne incognita isolates from Turkey using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP)

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zübeyir Devran ◽  
Ömür Baysal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

AbstractSouthern root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is the most widespread-species, causing serious yield losses in protected vegetables fields in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey. The knowledge of genetic variation within M. incognita is required for disease management and improvement of resistant varieties by breeding programs. In the present study, the isolates were classified into different groups based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) fingerprints. To our knowledge, this is the first study carried out on the characterization of M. incognita isolates using SRAP. The schematic diagram by tested primers to differentiate of M. incognita isolates was formed in discrimination of nematodes as an effective molecular tool since it is cost effective and easiness. Data presents a genetic variation on root-knot nematode species. These selected SRAP markers can be used to follow genetic structure and differentiation on M. incognita isolates in a certain region.

scholarly journals Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization of Meloidogyne spp. populations from Brazilian soybean production regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Martins de Oliveira ◽  
Ismail Teodoro Souza Junior ◽  
Jerônimo Vieira de Araújo Filho ◽  
Marcos Augusto de Freitas ◽  
Mara Rúbia da Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Perineal Region ◽  
Mixed Populations

ABSTRACT: Soybean is a commodity of great economic importance worldwide, particularly in Brazil, world’s second largest producer. Nematodes, especially those of the Meloidogyne genus, severely limit productivity. Identification of nematode species is important for effective soybean management. Here, 26 populations of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) from 15 municipalities in the states of Bahia, Mato Grosso, Goias, and Minas Gerais were characterized based on the morphology of the female perineal region, esterase profile, and identification based on amplification of specific regions of the population genome. Among the Meloidogyne spp. populations obtained, M. incognita and M. javanica, were identified. No mixed populations were present in the samples. Diagnosis based on molecular analysis was shown to be reliable and the fastest for characterization of nematode populations compared to other methods analyzed.

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

Comparison of Immunological and Functional Assays for Measurement of Soluble Fibrin

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (02) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Dempfle ◽  
S A Pfitzner ◽  
M Dollman ◽  
K Huck ◽  
G Stehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic

SummaryVarious assays have been developed for quantitation of soluble fibrin or fibrin monomer in clinical plasma samples, since this parameter directly reflects in vivo thrombin action on fibrinogen. Using plasma samples from healthy blood donors, patients with cerebral ischemic insult, patients with septicemia, and patients with venous thrombosis, we compared two immunologic tests using monoclonal antibodies against fibrin-specific neo-epitopes, and two functional tests based on the cofactor activity of soluble fibrin complexes in tPA-induced plasminogen activation. Test A (Enzymun®-Test FM) showed the best discriminating power among normal range and pathological samples. Test B (Fibrinostika® soluble fibrin) clearly separated normal range from pathological samples, but failed to discriminate among samples from patients with low grade coagulation activation in septicemia, and massive activation in venous thrombosis. Functional test C (Fibrin monomer test Behring) displayed good discriminating power between normal and pathological range samples, and correlated with test A (r = 0.61), whereas assay D (Coa-Set® Fibrin monomer) showed little discriminating power at values below 10 μg/ml and little correlation with other assays. Standardization of assays will require further characterization of analytes detected.

Insulinomimetic properties of trace elements and characterization of their in vivo mode of action

Diabetes ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1243-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rossetti ◽  
A. Giaccari ◽  
E. Klein-Robbenhaar ◽  
L. R. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Mode Of Action

Rapid, Refined, and Robust Method for Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Recombinant Human Amyloid-beta M1-42

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Prakash ◽  
Travis Lantz ◽  
Krupal P. Jethava ◽  
Gaurav Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Short Time

Amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients primarily consists of amyloid beta 1-42 (Ab42). Commercially, Ab42 is synthetized using peptide synthesizers. We describe a robust methodology for expression of recombinant human Ab(M1-42) in Rosetta(DE3)pLysS and BL21(DE3)pLysS competent E. coli with refined and rapid analytical purification techniques. The peptide is isolated and purified from the transformed cells using an optimized set-up for reverse-phase HPLC protocol, using commonly available C18 columns, yielding high amounts of peptide (~15-20 mg per 1 L culture) in a short time. The recombinant Ab(M1-42) forms characteristic aggregates similar to synthetic Ab42 aggregates as verified by western blots and atomic force microscopy to warrant future biological use. Our rapid, refined, and robust technique to purify human Ab(M1-42) can be used to synthesize chemical probes for several downstream in vitro and in vivo assays to facilitate AD research.

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