scholarly journals Determinants of Place Birth: A Multinomial Logistic Regression and Spatial Analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Gudayu
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Home Birth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Delivery Care ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Somali Region ◽  
Antenatal Visits

Abstract Background: The presence of skilled attendants at birth and institutional delivery with quality serves significantly improves maternal and neonatal health. However, in countries where a practice of home birth is common, maternal and neonatal mortality remained high. Thus, this study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of home birth and to identify determinants of place of birth in Ethiopia. Methods: Ethiopian mini-DHS-2019 data was used in this analysis. A survey multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze determinants of place of birth. An adjusted relative risk ratio and its 95% confidence interval with a p-value of < 0.05 and marginal effect and its 95% confidence interval with a p-value of < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. The Global Moran’s I analysis was done by using ArcMap 10.8 to evaluate the clustering of home birth. The magnitude of home birth was predicted by ordinary kriging interpolation. Then, scanning was done by SaTScan V.9.6 software to detect scanning windows with low or high rates of home birth. Result: Prevalence of home birth in Ethiopia was 52.19% (95% CI: 46.49 – 57.83). Whereas, only 2.99% (95% CI: 1.68 – 5.25) of mothers gave birth in the health posts. Bigger family size, family wealth, multiparity, none and fewer antenatal visits, and low cluster level coverage of 4+ antenatal visits were predictors of home birth. Homebirth was clustered across enumeration areas and it was over 40% in most parts of the country with >75% in the Somali region. SaTScan analysis detected most likely clusters in the Somali region, eastern and southern zones of Oromia region, central zones of Amhara region, and eastern zones of the South Nations Nationalities and People’s region. Conclusion: Home birth is a common practice in Ethiopia. Among public health facilities, health posts are the least utilized institutions for labor and delivery care. Nationally implementing the 2016 WHO’s recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience and providing quality antenatal and delivery care in public facilities through qualified providers with midwifery skills and systems of back-up in place could be supportive.

scholarly journals Underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Afghanistan: Prevalence and correlates from a national survey in 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dual Burden ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Background The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Afghanistan. Methods National cross-sectional survey data of 3,779 persons aged 18–69 years were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate factors associated with underweight and overweight/obesity relative to normal weight. Results In all, 7.8% of the study sample was underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²), 49.5% had normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m²), 25.5% overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m²), and 17.2% obesity. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression, factors negatively associated with underweight were male sex (Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio-ARRR: 0.55, Confidence Interval-CI: 0.32–0.95). Factors positively associated with overweight/obesity were aged 30–44 years (ARRR: 1.92, CI: 1.46–2.53) and aged 45–69 years (ARRR: 1.49, CI: 1.05–2.11) (compared to 18–29 years) (ARRR: 1.28, CI: 1.14–2.18), hypertension (ARRR: 2.69, CI: 1.88–3.85), type 2 diabetes (ARRR: 1.81, CI: 1.15–2.86), and raised cholesterol (ARRR: 2.04, CI: 1.41–2.95). Conclusion Almost one in ten adult respondents were underweight and more than two in five were overweight/obese, confirming a dual burden of malnutrition in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Overweight and Obesity Among Adults in Iraq: Prevalence and Correlates From a National Survey in 2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Nationally Representative

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among adults in Iraq. Data from a 2015 nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 3,916 persons 18 years and older were analysed that responded to a questionnaire, physical and biochemical measures. Multinomial logistic regression was utilized to predict determinants of overweight and obesity relative to under or normal weight. Results indicate that 3.6% of the participants were underweight (BMI &lt;18.5 kg/m&sup2;), 30.8% had normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m&sup2;), 31.8% were overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m&sup2;), and 33.9% had obesity (BMI &ge; 30.0 kg/m&sup2;). In adjusted multinomial logistic regression, aged 40-49 years (Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio-ARRR: 4.47, Confidence Interval-CI: 3.39-5.91), urban residence (ARRR: 1.28, CI: 1.14-2.18), hypertension (ARRR: 3.13, CI: 2.36-4.17) were positively, and male sex (ARRR: 0.47, CI: 0.33-0.68), having more than primary education (ARRR: 0.69, CI: 0.50-0.94), and larger household size (&ge;5 members) (ARRR: 0.45, CI: 0.33-0.60) were negativey associated with obesity. About two in three adult participants were overweight/obese, and sociodemographic and health risk factors were found that can be utilized in targeting interventions.

scholarly journals Is the place of birth related to the mother’s satisfaction with childbirth? A cross-sectional study in a rural district of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Takayama ◽  
Khampheng Phongluxa ◽  
Daisuke Nonaka ◽  
Chika Sato ◽  
Ernesto R. Gregorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background The place of birth has been rapidly changing from home to health facility in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) following the strategy to improve the maternal and neonatal mortality. This change in the place of birth might affect the mother’s satisfaction with childbirth. The objective of this study was to assess whether the place of birth is related to the mother’s satisfaction with childbirth in a rural district of the Lao PDR. Methods A community-based survey was implemented in 21 randomly selected hamlets in Xepon district, Savannakhet province, between February and March, 2016. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted with mothers who experienced a normal vaginal birth in the past 2 years. Satisfaction with childbirth was measured by the Satisfaction with Childbirth Experience Questionnaire. Using the median, the outcome variable was dichotomized into “high satisfaction group” and “low satisfaction group”. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between place of birth and satisfaction with childbirth. Three models were examined: In Model 1, only the predictor of interest (i.e., place of birth) was included. In Model 2, the predictor of interest and the obstetrical predictors were included. In Model 3, in addition to these predictors, socio-demographic and economic predictors were included. A mixed-effects model was used to account for the hierarchical structure. Results Among the 226 mothers who were included in data analysis, 60.2% gave birth at the health facility and the remaining 39.8% gave birth at home. Logistic regression analysis showed that the mothers who gave birth at the health facility were significantly more likely to have a higher level of satisfaction compared to the mothers who gave birth at home (crude odds ratio: 5.44, 95% confidence interval: 3.03 to 9.75). This association remained even after adjusting for other predictors (adjusted odds ratio: 6.05, 95% confidence interval: 2.81 to 13.03). Conclusion Facility-based birth was significantly associated with a higher level of satisfaction with childbirth among the mothers in the study district where maternal and neonatal mortalities are relatively high. The findings of the present study support the promotion of facility-based birth in a rural district of the Lao PDR.

scholarly journals Perceived Opportunities for Physical Activity and Willingness to Be More Active in Older Adults with Different Physical Activity Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6146
Author(s):  
Eeva Aartolahti ◽  
Johanna Eronen ◽  
Timo Törmäkangas ◽  
Taina Rantanen ◽  
Mirja Hirvensalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

This study examined equity in physical activity (PA) by investigating whether perceived opportunity for PA was associated with willingness to be more active. Among community residents (75, 80, or 85 years old, n = 962) perceived opportunity for PA (poor and good), willingness to be more active (not at all, a bit, and a lot), and level of PA (low, moderate, and high) were assessed via questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression showed that physical activity moderated the association between poor opportunity and willingness to increase PA. Among those with moderate PA, poor opportunity for PA increased the odds of willingness to be a lot more active (multinomial odds ratio, mOR 3.90, 95% confidence interval 2.21–6.87) than not wanting to be more active compared to those perceiving good opportunities. Associations were similar at high PA levels (p < 0.001), but were not found at low PA levels. Those with moderate or high PA wish to increase their activity particularly when the perceived opportunities for activity are not optimal. Among those with low PA, perceived opportunities are not associated with a perceived need to increase physical activity. Increasing equity in physical activity in old age requires provision of support and opportunities at every level of physical activity.

scholarly journals Associations between polygenic liability for schizophrenia and level of psychosis and mood-incongruence in bipolar disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Allardyce ◽  
Ganna Leonenko ◽  
Marian Hamshere ◽  
Antonio F. Pardiñas ◽  
Liz Forty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
P Value ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Psychotic Features

AbstractImportanceBipolar disorder (BD) overlaps schizophrenia in its clinical presentation and genetic liability. Alternative approaches to patient stratification beyond current diagnostic categories are needed to understand the underlying disease processes/mechanisms.ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between common-variant liability for schizophrenia, indexed by polygenic risk scores (PRS) and psychotic presentations of BD, using clinical descriptions which consider both occurrence and level of mood-incongruent psychotic features.DesignCase-control design: using multinomial logistic regression, to estimate differential associations of PRS across categories of cases and controls.Settings & Participants4399 BDcases, mean [sd] age-at-interview 46[12] years, of which 2966 were woman (67%) from the BD Research Network (BDRN) were included in the final analyses, with data for 4976 schizophrenia cases and 9012 controls from the Type-1 diabetes genetics consortium and Generation Scotland included for comparison.ExposureStandardised PRS, calculated using alleles with an association p-value threshold < 0.05 in the second Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association study of schizophrenia, adjusted for the first 10 population principal components and genotyping-platform.Main outcome measureMultinomial logit models estimated PRS associations with BD stratified by (1) Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) BD subtypes (2) Lifetime occurrence of psychosis.(3) Lifetime mood-incongruent psychotic features and (4) ordinal logistic regression examined PRS associations across levels of mood-incongruence. Ratings were derived from the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry interview (SCAN) and the Bipolar Affective Disorder Dimension Scale (BADDS).ResultsAcross clinical phenotypes, there was an exposure-response gradient with the strongest PRS association for schizophrenia (RR=1.94, (95% C.1.1.86, 2.01)), then schizoaffective BD (RR=1.37, (95% C.I. 1.22, 1.54)), BD I (RR= 1.30, (95% C.I. 1.24, 1.36)) and BD II (RR=1.04, (95% C.1. 0.97, 1.11)). Within BD cases, there was an effect gradient, indexed by the nature of psychosis, with prominent mood-incongruent psychotic features having the strongest association (RR=1.46, (95% C.1.1.36, 1.57)), followed by mood-congruent psychosis (RR= 1.24, (95% C.1. 1.17, 1.33)) and lastly, BD cases with no history of psychosis (RR= 1.09, (95% C.1. 1.04, 1.15)).ConclusionWe show for the first time a polygenic-risk gradient, across schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, indexed by the occurrence and level of mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms.

scholarly journals Implementation of Medicine Take-back Concept at Community Level in Nepal: a Feasibility Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binaya Sapkota ◽  
Anil Giri ◽  
Bigyan Bhatta ◽  
Krishna Awasthi ◽  
Kiran Bhurtyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Take Back ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background: Medications are not always completely consumed as purchased from pharmacy due to lack of awareness, forgetfulness. So, most households may have leftover, unwanted, unused and expired (UUE) medicines. They may lead to health hazards and environment pollution. The present study was aimed to analyze feasibility of implementation of medicine take-back in select communities of Nepal.Methods: Exploratory study was conducted among adults (total 400) in Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Kaski, Kanchanpur and Kailali districts from July 2017 to January 2018. Study sites and participants were selected by simple random sampling and respondents were interviewed about their awareness about medicine disposal techniques, possible hazards and their willingness to support take-back program using semi-structured questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the relationship of various take-back related outcomes with the predictors. The p-value less than 0.05 was statistically significant at 95% confidence level. Results: The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that there was significant relationship of health hazards (rashes and diarrhea) among the farmers, engineers, nurse and lawyers (p value <0.01 in each). Land pollution and effect on health of children was significantly related with the inappropriate disposal of medicines such as site of disposal (p value <0.01), river (p value 0.02), garbage (p value 0.04), and dumping site (p value 0.01). The analysis of the willingness to follow take-back program with the techniques of support showed significant relationship with the establishment of collection center and participation on seminar (p value <0.01). Conclusions: Most participants kept UUE medicines in home, disposed with household rubbish and flushed down the sink. They were interested to support take-back, if implemented in their community but the main constraint was the budget. Hence, take-back concept could be initiated and implemented on government funding or other external sources.

scholarly journals Overweight and Obesity among Adults in Iraq: Prevalence and Correlates from a National Survey in 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4198
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among adults in Iraq. Data from a 2015 nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 3916 persons 18 years or older (M (median) age = 40 years, IQR (interquartile range) age = 29–52 years; men: M = 41 years, IQR = 29–54 years; women: M = 40 years, IQR = 30–51 years) who responded to a questionnaire, and physical and biochemical measures were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression was utilised to predict the determinants of overweight and obesity relative to under or normal weight. The results indicate that 3.6% of the participants were underweight (body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2), 30.8% had normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 31.8% were overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and 33.9% had obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2). In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression, being aged 40–49 years (compared to 18–39 years old) (adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR): 4.47, confidence interval (CI): 3.39–5.91), living in an urban residence (ARRR: 1.28, CI: 1.14–2.18), and having hypertension (ARRR: 3.13, CI: 2.36–4.17) were positively associated with obesity. Being male (ARRR: 0.47, CI: 0.33–0.68), having more than primary education (ARRR: 0.69, CI: 0.50–0.94), and having a larger household size (five members or more) (ARRR: 0.45, CI: 0.33–0.60) were negatively associated with obesity. Approximately two in three adult participants were overweight/obese, and sociodemographic and health risk factors were found that can be utilised in targeting interventions.

scholarly journals Underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Afghanistan: prevalence and correlates from a national survey in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Dual Burden

Abstract Background The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Afghanistan. Methods National cross-sectional survey data of 3779 persons aged 18–69 years were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate factors associated with underweight and overweight/obesity relative to normal weight. Results In all, 7.8% of the study sample was underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), 49.5% had normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 25.5% overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and 17.2% obesity. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression, factors negatively associated with underweight were male sex (adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR): 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15–0.58) and hypertension (ARRR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27–0.95) and factors positively associated with underweight were sedentary behaviour (ARRR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.11–3.10) and current tobacco use (ARRR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.08–6.16). Factors positively associated with overweight/obesity were aged 30–44 years (ARRR: 2.00, CI: 1.51–2.66) and aged 45–69 years (ARRR: 1.58, CI: 1.09–2.31) (compared to 18–29 years) (ARRR: 1.28, CI: 1.14–2.18), hypertension (ARRR: 2.74, CI: 1.89–3.96), and type 2 diabetes (ARRR: 1.82, CI: 1.13–2.94), and high physical activity (ARRR: 0.70, CI: 0.50–0.98) was negatively associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusion Almost one in ten adult respondents were underweight and more than two in five were overweight/obese, confirming a dual burden of malnutrition in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals SATISFACTION ON DELIVERY CARE SERVICES AMONG RURAL WOMEN IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Deburra Peak Ngadan ◽  
Mohd Taha Arif
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Short Form ◽  
P Value ◽  
Delivery Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction

The improvement of quality in maternity care services is an effective strategy to reduce maternal mortality. The utilisation of the maternity services and its satisfaction indirectly measure the quality of services. This study aimed to assess the level of satisfaction with delivery care and also to identify the factors influencing the satisfaction among women on the quality of delivery care services in Sarawak. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the three main zones of Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 1236 completed data were analysed. Data was collected using the validated Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18, Short Form) by face to face interview. Data entry and analysis was done by SPSS version 22.0 software. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that Bidayuh ethnics were 28.6% less likely to have good satisfaction with delivery care than the other ethnic groups. The respondents were 1.806 times more likely to have the average satisfaction and 1.972 times more likely to have good satisfaction on delivery care if a doctor attended the latter. Similarly, the respondents were 2.29 times highly satisfied if the out of pocket expenses were less than MYR 91.50 (US $ 21.73)  compared to 2.10 times in average satisfaction. Overall, the women were satisfied with the delivery care services. However, assessment of satisfaction with the services provided from the different level of health care professionals needs to be explored to gain a deeper understanding of maternal care.Keywords:  Delivery Care, Level of satisfaction, Maternal Health Services, Sarawak.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Complications following Introduction of Radical Surgery for Colon Cancer: A Consecutive Patient Series

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Furnes ◽  
K. E. Storli ◽  
H. M. Forsmo ◽  
A. Karliczek ◽  
G. E. Eide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Complete Mesocolic Excision ◽  
Mesocolic Excision

Background: Rectal cancer surgery is standardized, resulting in improved survival. Colon cancer has fallen behind and therefore more radical surgical techniques have been introduced. One technique is complete mesocolic excision. The aim of this article was to study the complications after the introduction of standardized complete mesocolic excision in a single center. Methods: Complete mesocolic excision was introduced in 2007, and data were collected from 286 patients prior to surgery (2007–2010). The surgeon decided on open or laparoscopic surgery. Follow-up information was recorded until 31 December 2015. Complications were classified according to a modified Clavien–Dindo classification. Results: Complications occurred in 47%, severe complications (grade III and IV) in 15%. In-hospital mortality was 3.5%. A total of 142 patients (49.7%) were operated by open surgery. Logistic regression revealed anemia (p = 0.001), open surgery (p < 0.001), and long operating time (p < 0.001) as significant factors for complications in general. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that severe complications occurred more often in males (odds ratio: 2.56; 95% confidence interval: 0.98–6.68), patients with anemia (odds ratio: 3.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.27–9.60), elevated body mass index (odds ratio: 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.28), and in open surgery (odds ratio: 9.95; 95% confidence interval: 2.58–38.35). Age was not associated with severe complications. Survival was not significantly influenced by complications. Overall survival (5 years) was 90% among patients with complications and 92% among those without complications. Conclusion: Severe complications following the introduction of complete mesocolic excision are patient dependent and related to open surgery. Patients selected for laparoscopy had less number of complications; therefore, introducing complete mesocolic excision by laparoscopy is justified. Identification of these factors can improve selection of appropriate surgical approach and postoperative patient safety.

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