scholarly journals Socio-demographic Correlates of Diabetes Self-reporting Validity: An Adult’s Kurdish Population-based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Moradpour ◽  
Negar Piri ◽  
Hojat Dehghanbanadaki ◽  
Ghobad Moradi ◽  
Mahdiyeh Fotouk-Kiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Demographic Correlates

Abstract Background: The aim was to assess the validity of self-reported according to the demographic and socio-economic feature in a the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (DehPCS)Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analytical study on 4400 subjects aged 35-70 years of DehPCS. The reference for having diabetes was oral hypoglycemic drug consumption, insulin injection, or high FBS representing diabetes. Self-reported diabetes status was investigated by well-trained interviewers before the identification of diabetes status based on reference criteria. The validity criteria of self-reported diabetes were assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Socio-demographic correlates of self-reported agreement were examined by multinomial logistic regression. Results: 3996 agreed to participate in this study (participation=90.8%). The diabetes prevalence among the study population was 13.1% based on self-report and 9.7% based on reference. Of the 523 people who reported diabetes, 213 (41.28%) did not have diabetes. We found a good agreement of 92.3% with an acceptable kappa value of 65.1% between self-reported diabetes and reference. Self-reported diabetes also guaranteed sensitivity of 78.5%, specificity of 93.9%, positive and negative predictive value of 58.7% and of 98.0% respectively. Female, higher economic class, higher BMI, and family history of diabetes were increased the chance of false positive. Being male and aging and moderate economic class increased the chance of false positive. Conclusion: Self-reported diabetes is identified as a relatively valid tool that could fairly determine the diabetes prevalence in epidemiological studies. It should be noted that its validity is influenced by some socio-demographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Validity of Self-reported Diabetes Among Kurdish Population; a Large Population-based Study From Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Moradi ◽  
Negar Piri ◽  
Hojat Dehghanbanadaki ◽  
Ghobad Moradi ◽  
Mahdiyeh Fotouk-Kiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Kappa Value

Abstract Background: The aim was to assess the validity of diabetes self-reporting based on oral anti-diabetic drugs, insulin injection, or high fasting blood sugar (FBS) in a large Kurdish population of Iran.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analytical study on 4400 subjects aged 35-70 years of the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (DehPCS). The reference for having diabetes was oral hypoglycemic drug consumption, insulin injection, or high FBS representing diabetes. Self-reported diabetes status was investigated by well-trained interviewers before the identification of diabetes status based on reference criteria. The accuracy and agreement of self-reported diabetes with reference were assessed in the overall population as well as in different sociodemographic and habitual conditions. Results: Out of 4400 adults, 3996 agreed to participate in this study (participation=90.8%). The diabetes prevalence among the study population was 13.1% based on self-report and 9.7% based on reference. Of the 523 people who reported diabetes, 213 (41.28%) did not have diabetes. We found a good agreement of 92.3% concordance with a kappa value of 65.1% between self-reported diabetes and reference. Self-reported diabetes also guaranteed sensitivity of 78.5%, specificity of 93.9%, positive predictive value of 58.7%, and negative predictive value of 98.0% to identify diabetic participants. Conclusion: Self-reported diabetes is identified as a valid tool that could accurately determine the diabetes prevalence in epidemiological studies on the Kurdish population of Iran.

scholarly journals Rural population at risk of development of diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study using Indian Diabetic Risk Score in Bengaluru

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3905
Author(s):  
Vidya K. R. ◽  
Lohit K. ◽  
Naveen Kumar P.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Status

Background: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in an alarming way throughout the world. More than 50% of the diabetic subjects in India remain unaware of their diabetes status and screening for risk factors of diabetes mellitus enable us to initiate appropriate control measures. This study was undertaken to identify the people who are at risk of diabetes mellitus in rural area of Bengaluru.Methods: It was a community based cross sectional study in which 1750 study subjects were randomly selected using multi stage random sampling method. Selected individuals were examined and interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire. Indian diabetic risk score was used to assess risk of developing diabetes. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0.Results: According to IDRS, 46.2% of respondents were in the moderate risk group and 33.1% were in the high risk group. Family history of diabetes, low physical activity and abdominal obesity were found to associate with high risk group.Conclusions: The prevalence of high risk for diabetes according to IRDS was 33%. Primordial and primary preventive actions are very much necessary.

scholarly journals Cyberbullying in Rabat area Morocco: A Middle School Student Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezha Miami ◽  
Amina Belahcen ◽  
Laila Lahlou ◽  
Redouane Abouqal ◽  
Abderrazzak ouanass
Keyword(s):  
Middle Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Middle School Student ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Cyber Bullying ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Traditional Bullying ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background:Despite being a widely debated health issue in several countries around the globe, in Morocco there is still little research on this phenomenon of cyber bulling.To examine the occurrence of cyber bullying among students in middle schools in Rabat area and to discover risk factors among students’ cyberbullying profiles is the main purpose of the present study.Methods: The study that is a cross sectional one is based on a nameless self –report questionnaire about subjected cyber bullying in the course of the previous twelve months. Indeed, it was in16 middle –schools in the urban areas of Rabat that data were collected. Aged 12 to 16 years, a number of 1914 students took part in the survey.Seeking the interconnection between the cyber bulling groups and independent variables we used a Multinomial Logistic Regression.Results:Cyber bullying has been announced by 54,5%(n=1043) CI 95% (52,26-56,72) of the sample, of which 18,8%(n=360), being victims only, 11,7% (n=224) being perpetrators only, and 24,0% (n=459) being perpetrators/victims. But there wasn’t any important difference to be mentioned in profile between genders. Text messages and exclusion from internet groups were the most common genre of cyber bullying behavior. Concerning traditional bullying, the prevalence were 35% (n=669) of whom 16,4% (n=313) victims only, 7,6% (n=145) perpetrators only and 11%(n=211) perpetrators/victims. Our research showed that traditional bullying was the basic risk factor of cyber bullying. Conclusion:In brief cyber bullying is one of the most widely spread phenomenon among adolescents in middle schools in Rabat area. Being involved in traditional bullying is the main risk. Consequently, urgent is the need to take actions against it either to eradicate violence in schools or at least reduce it.

scholarly journals Self-reported well-being and associated factors among industrial workers in Brazil: findings from a national survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana Ginar da Silva ◽  
Giovâni Firpo Del Duca ◽  
Markus Vinícius Nahas
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to estimate self-perception of well-being and associated factors among industrial workers in Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with a representative sample from 23 Brazilian states and the Federal District. Self-reported of well-being was investigated by questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. For 93% of the 47,477 industrial workers, the perception of well-being was positive. Those who had the highest chances of being in the category of best perception of well-being were: male workers (OR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.28; 1.43); those aged under thirty years old (OR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.12; 1.39); those from Southern Brazil (OR = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.83; 2.16); and people with a high income. The prevalence of positive well-being was high. Sociodemographic, behavioral and social support characteristics, as well as the characteristics related to self-report on health were associated with well-being.

Psychological distress among Norwegian adolescents: Changes between 2001 and 2009 and associations with leisure time physical activity and screen-based sedentary behaviour

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Løvheim Kleppang ◽  
Miranda Thurston ◽  
Ingeborg Hartz ◽  
Curt Hagquist
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hopkins Symptom Checklist

Aims: The aim of this work was to examine psychological distress among Norwegian adolescents in relation to changes over time and the associations with leisure time physical activity and screen-based sedentary behaviour. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on data retrieved from the Norwegian Youth Health Surveys in 2001 and 2009 in Hedmark County. Adolescents aged 15–16 years old completed a questionnaire regarding physical activity, sedentary behaviour, psychological distress and other health and lifestyle variables. The self-report Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 was used to assess psychological distress. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse the associations between psychological distress, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Results: Self-reported psychological distress increased significantly from 2001 to 2009 (from 19.4 to 28.2%), with the proportion of girls reporting psychological distress being twice as large as the proportion of boys. The proportion of adolescents who were physically active for ⩾11 hours per week increased significantly over the same period (from 6.0 to 10.4%). Sedentary behaviour ⩾6 hours per school day increased significantly among both sexes between 2001 and 2009. Physical activity (⩾11 hours) and sedentary behaviour (⩾6 hours) were both significantly associated with psychological distress. Conclusions: The association between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and psychological distress was weak; only high amounts of physical activity and high amounts of screen-based sedentary behaviour were associated with psychological distress. Longitudinal studies are needed to provide further insights into these associations and to understand the extent to which these variables might be causally related.

Socio-Economic, Psychosocial, Lifestyle and Community Factors do not Explain Ethnic Inequalities in Obesity in Disadvantaged Israeli Mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-919
Author(s):  
Varda Soskolne ◽  
Michal Cohen-Dar ◽  
Samira Obeid ◽  
Nitsa Cohen ◽  
Mary C J Rudolf
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities

Abstract Guided by the psycho-social environment approach to explaining health inequalities, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess the contribution of individual and community factors to explaining ethnic inequalities in overweight and obesity between Arab and Jewish mothers of young children in Israel. Data (N = 946, 371 Jewish, 575 Arab mothers) were collected by self-report questionnaire in mid-2015 as part of a special ‘Preparation for School’ project for children aged 5–6 years from twenty Mother and Child Health clinics in towns and villages of lowest socio-economic ranking in northern Israel. Multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to assess the effect of socio-economic status (SES), psychological, lifestyle behaviour and community food-related practices on mediating the association of ethnicity with overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity were significantly higher among Arab mothers. The strength of the association of ethnicity with overweight [(odds ratio) OR = 1.80, 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) = 1.31, 2.47] or obesity (OR = 2.14. 95 per cent CI = 1.44, 3.18) remained constant after SES, and other variables were included in two steps. The persistence of ethnic inequalities suggests that the variables included in the analysis did not explain inequalities in this disadvantaged population. Social work may contribute to understanding additional explanatory variables that have the potential to be amenable to change by multidisciplinary and social work interventions.

scholarly journals Validity of self-report of oral conditions in older people

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. e191670 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Arenas-Márquez ◽  
Luísa Helena do Nascimento Tôrres ◽  
Debora Dias da Silva ◽  
Juliana Balbinot Hilgert ◽  
Fernando Neves Hugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Kappa Agreement ◽  
Oral Condition

Aim: To verify if self-report is a valid instrument to study the clinical oral condition in older people without cognitive deficit. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted with 647 older people from the community, without cognitive deficit, living in Campinas, Brazil. A self-report questionnaire assessing the presence or absence of teeth (edentulism) and use of complete denture was applied, identifying the location of the denture, whether in the upper and/or lower arch. In the same session oral clinical exams were performed, considered the gold standard. The self-report validation was performed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, odds ratios and Kappa agreement. Results: There were high percentages of sensitivity (95–99%), specificity (84–97%), positive (81–97%) and negative (95–98%) predictive values, obtaining an elevated level of confidence and quality intrinsic value of self-report. Agreement with the clinical examination was excellent for all variables (greater than 0.80). The likelihood ratios showed compelling evidence that with self-report an edentulous individual (+LR 32), non-edentulous (-LR 0.06) and absence of complete denture (-LR 0.01) could be correctly identified, with moderate evidence to identify the presence and location of complete denture use (+LR 6.5 to 6.9). Conclusion: Self-report is a valid instrument to study the clinical oral condition in the older people of the community.

scholarly journals Patterns of compliance with COVID-19 preventive behaviours: a latent class analysis of 20 000 UK adults

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2021-216876
Author(s):  
Liam Wright ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Personality Predictors ◽  
High Level

BackgroundGovernments have implemented a range of measures to tackle COVID-19, primarily focusing on changing citizens’ behaviours in order to lower the transmission of the virus. Few studies have looked at the patterns of compliance with different measures within individuals: whether people comply with all measures or selectively choose some but not others. Such research is important for designing interventions to increase compliance.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from 20 947 UK adults in the COVID-19 Social Study collected from 17 November to 23 December 2020. Self-report compliance was assessed with six behaviours: mask wearing, hand washing, indoor household mixing, outdoor household mixing, social distancing and compliance with other guidelines. Patterns of compliance behaviour were identified using latent class analysis, and multinomial logistic regression was used to assess demographic, socioeconomic and personality predictors of behaviour patterns.ResultsWe selected a four-latent class solution. Most individuals reported similar levels of compliance across the six behaviour measures. High level of compliance was the modal response. Lower self-reported compliance was related to young age, high risk-taking behaviour, low confidence in government and low empathy, among other factors. Looking at individual behaviours, mask wearing had the highest level of compliance while compliance with social distancing was relatively low.ConclusionResults suggest that individuals choose to comply with all guidelines, rather than some but not others. Strategies to increase compliance should focus on increasing general motivations to comply alongside specifically encouraging social distancing.

scholarly journals Pre-Procedural Surveillance Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in an Asymptomatic Population Shows Low Rates of Positivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Mays ◽  
Alexander L Greninger ◽  
Keith R Jerome ◽  
John B Lynch ◽  
Patrick C Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Total Population ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Depression is a common cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. To detect depression, we compared Beck Depression Inventory scoring as a valid tool with participants self-reporting depression.Methodology: This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the diagnostic values of self-reporting in patients' with depression comparing to Beck Depression Inventory scoring in Mazandaran Persian cohort study, with a total of 1300 samples. The sample size was determined to include 155 participants through the census method. In order to increase the test power, 310 healthy participants were included in the study through random selection. In order to evaluate the diagnostic value of self-reporting, BDI-II was completed by blind interviewing to the case group as well as to another group who reported that they were not depressed, as control.Results: sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false positive, false negative, positive and negative predictive values of self-reporting was calculated 58.4%, 79.1%,73.4%, 20.8%, 41.6%, 51.8%, and 83.2% for the total population respectively, as well as, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values of self-report in males were 83.3%, 77.2%, 77.1%, 43.8% and 95.6% and 53.7%, 78.1%, 71.2%, 49.2%, and 81.1% for females, respectively.Conclusion: The positive predictive value and sensitivity of self-reporting are insufficient in total population and females, and therefore self-reporting cannot detect depressed patients, but regarding to its average positive predictive value, perhaps, it can be used to identify non-depressant individuals.

scholarly journals Patterns of compliance with COVID-19 preventive behaviours: a latent class analysis of 20,000 UK adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Wright ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Personality Predictors ◽  
Lower Transmission

AbstractBackgroundGovernments have implemented a range of measure to tackle COVID-19, primarily focusing on changing citizens’ behaviours in order to lower transmission of the virus. Few studies have looked at the patterns of compliance with different measures within individuals: whether people comply with all measures or selectively choose some but not others. Such research is important for designing interventions to increase compliance.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from 20,947 UK adults in the COVID-19 Social Study collected 17 November – 23 December 2020. Self-report compliance was assessed with six behaviours: mask wearing, hand washing, indoor household mixing, outdoor household mixing, social distancing, and compliance with other guidelines. Patterns of compliance behaviour were identified using latent class analysis, and multinomial logistic regression was used to assess demographic, socioeconomic and personality predictors of behaviour patterns.ResultsWe selected a four latent class solution. Most individuals reported similar levels of compliance across the six behaviour measures. High levels of compliance was the modal response. Lower self-reported compliance was related to young age, high risk-taking behaviour, low confidence in government, and low empathy, among other factors. Looking at individual behaviours, mask wearing had the highest level of compliance whilst compliance with social distancing was relatively low.ConclusionResults suggest that individuals choose to comply with all guidelines, rather than some but not others. Strategies to increase compliance should focus on increasing general motivations to comply alongside specifically encouraging social distancing.

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