Natural v/s Commercial Trypsin Isolated from Liver Waste of Labeo Rohita

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1092602/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Charu Sharma ◽

Ragini Gothalwal

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Annual Report ◽

Labeo Rohita ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Annual Growth Rate ◽

Fish Protein ◽

The Past ◽

Bovine Trypsin ◽

A Cell ◽

Resistant Strains

Abstract The mounting human population and the massive amount of waste generated from the same is receiving particular attention towards valorization of waste. According to the annual report of FAO, (2018) the human consumption of fish protein has reached 87% in 2016 from 67% during 1960s. Aquaculture only has contributed to 5.8% annual growth rate among food sectors in the past decade. In this milieu, disposal of fish visceral waste is becoming a major menace to fishery industries exerting a great economic and environmental impact. Being perishable in nature, the organic portion of the waste decomposes rapidly and acts as a breeding ground for microbes. Moreover, the hefty and indiscriminate use of antibiotics and disinfectants in farmed animals is developing resistant strains, thus raising environment and ecological concerns. In order to solve such problem, the present investigation focussed upon employing the visceral trypsin as a cell dissociating agent. The efficacy of trypsin obtained from viscera of Labeo rohita upon KB cell line (Doubling time 50 hrs) was assessed in terms of cell viability. The cytotoxic effect of the visceral trypsin at 0.01%, 0.1% and 1% concentration were investigated at three time points (10 sec, 15 sec and 20 sec). Commercial (bovine) trypsin was considered as control. A time dependent decrease in cell viability upon gradually increasing the concentration was observed in all groups of treatment. The lowest reduction in cell viability (2%) was observed with 1% concentration at 15 sec and 20sec. Although, commercial trypsin was found more efficient than trypsin isolated from waste during this study but the potency of visceral trypsin observed cannot be ruled out. Thus, the application of this enzyme as a cell-dissociating agent suggested it as a comparable candidate with commercial trypsin.

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The Evolution of Augmentative Communication and the Importance of Alternate Access

Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication ◽

10.1044/aac20.1.34 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 34-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

David Chapple

Keyword(s):

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Cell Phone ◽

Handheld Devices ◽

Alternative Communication ◽

Access Methods ◽

The Past ◽

Communication Device ◽

Internet Browser ◽

A Cell ◽

Development Of Language

Abstract Over the past 20 years, there have been many advances in the computer industry as well as in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. Computers are becoming more compact and have multiple purposes, such as the iPhone, which is a cell phone, mp3 player, and an Internet browser. AAC devices also have evolved to become multi-purpose devices; the most sophisticated devices have functionality similar to the iPhone and iPod. Recently, the idea of having the iPhone and iPad as a communication device was initiated with the development of language applications specifically for this format. It might be true that this idea could become the future of AAC devices; however, there are major access issues to overcome before the idea is a reality. This article will chronicle advancements in AAC devices, specifically on access methods, throughout the years, towards the transition to handheld devices. The newest technologies hold much promise with both features and affordability factors being highly attractive. Yet, these technologies must be made to incorporate alternate access if they are to meet their fullest potential as AAC tools.

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Mass Spectrometry Techniques: Principles and Practices for Quantitative Proteomics

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203721666200921153513 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Rocco J. Rotello ◽

Timothy D. Veenstra

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Quantitative Proteomics ◽

Protein Identification ◽

Dynamic Nature ◽

Complete Coverage ◽

The Past ◽

Proteome Level ◽

A Cell ◽

Quantitative Changes ◽

Made In

: In the current omics-age of research, major developments have been made in technologies that attempt to survey the entire repertoire of genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites present within a cell. While genomics has led to a dramatic increase in our understanding of such things as disease morphology and how organisms respond to medications, it is critical to obtain information at the proteome level since proteins carry out most of the functions within the cell. The primary tool for obtaining proteome-wide information on proteins within the cell is mass spectrometry (MS). While it has historically been associated with the protein identification, developments over the past couple of decades have made MS a robust technology for protein quantitation as well. Identifying quantitative changes in proteomes is complicated by its dynamic nature and the inability of any technique to guarantee complete coverage of every protein within a proteome sample. Fortunately, the combined development of sample preparation and MS methods have made it capable to quantitatively compare many thousands of proteins obtained from cells and organisms.

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Zinc, Zinc Transporters, and Cadmium Cytotoxicity in a Cell Culture Model of Human Urothelium

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9050094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Soisungwan Satarug ◽

Scott H. Garrett ◽

Seema Somji ◽

Mary Ann Sens ◽

Donald A. Sens

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Cell Culture ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Zinc Transporters ◽

Cell Culture Model ◽

Induced Expression ◽

Glutathione Biosynthesis ◽

Culture Model ◽

A Cell ◽

Cd Exposure

We explored the potential role of zinc (Zn) and zinc transporters in protection against cytotoxicity of cadmium (Cd) in a cell culture model of human urothelium, named UROtsa. We used real-time qRT-PCR to quantify transcript levels of 19 Zn transporters of the Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) and ZnT gene families that were expressed in UROtsa cells and were altered by Cd exposure. Cd as low as 0.1 µM induced expression of ZnT1, known to mediate efflux of Zn and Cd. Loss of cell viability by 57% was seen 24 h after exposure to 2.5 µM Cd. Exposure to 2.5 µM Cd together with 10–50 µM Zn prevented loss of cell viability by 66%. Pretreatment of the UROtsa cells with an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis (buthionine sulfoximine) diminished ZnT1 induction by Cd with a resultant increase in sensitivity to Cd cytotoxicity. Conversely, pretreatment of UROtsa cells with an inhibitor of DNA methylation, 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (aza-dC) did not change the extent of ZnT1 induction by Cd. The induced expression of ZnT1 that remained impervious in cells treated with aza-dC coincided with resistance to Cd cytotoxicity. Therefore, expression of ZnT1 efflux transporter and Cd toxicity in UROtsa cells could be modulated, in part, by DNA methylation and glutathione biosynthesis. Induced expression of ZnT1 may be a viable mechanistic approach to mitigating cytotoxicity of Cd.

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Heterogeneity of colorectal cancer cell positions as a cell viability biometrie

2016 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI) ◽

10.1109/bhi.2016.7455825 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aydin Saribudak ◽

Herman Kucharavy ◽

Karen Hubbard ◽

M. Umit Uyar

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Colorectal Cancer Cell ◽

A Cell

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A Study on Working capital Management in Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited

Asian Journal of Management ◽

10.52711/2321-5763.2021.00025 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 164-168

Author(s):

Sruthi B ◽

Rashmi R

Keyword(s):

Annual Report ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Effective Management ◽

Capital Management ◽

Working Capital ◽

Short Term ◽

Working Capital Management ◽

The Past ◽

The Relationship

Working capital management is important for every organization as it refers to the effective management of current assets and current liabilities. The aim is to make sure that the firm is capable to continue its operations and it has sufficient cash flow to satisfy both maturing short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the management of working capital in Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, a leading public sector enterprise in India over a period of 10 years (That is from 2009-10 to 2018-19). The paper also attempts to study the components of working capital and analyze the relationship between liquidity and profitability of HPCL. The study is based on secondary data collected from annual report of HPCL for the past 10 years, Pearson correlation and regression model are used for this purpose. From the study it is found that there is a significant relationship between liquidity and profitability.

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Macrolide-resistant phenotypes of invasive streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Serbia

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1204377g ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 1377-1382

Author(s):

Ina Gajic ◽

Natasa Opavski ◽

Vera Mijac ◽

L. Ranin

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

National Reference ◽

The Past ◽

Triple Test ◽

Resistance To Penicillin ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has emerged as an important worldwide problem over the past decade. The aim of this study was to investigate macrolide-resistant phenotypes and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of invasive pneumococci in Serbia. A total of 68 invasive pneumococcal strains, collected from 2009 to 2011, were sent from regional laboratories to the National Reference Laboratory. Susceptibility testing was performed using the VITEK2 system and phenotypes were determined by triple-test. Overall penicillin and erythromycin nonsusceptibility rates were 26% and 43%, respectively. Resistance rates were higher in children than in adults. Co-resistance to penicillin and erythromycin was detected in 18% strains. Resistance rates to the third generation of cephalosporins, TMP-SXT and tetracycline were 16%, 37% and 29%, respectively. All isolates were fully susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, fluoroquinolones, telithromycin and rifampicin. Twenty-two isolates (79%) an expressed macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance phenotype and M phenotype was found in 21% of macrolide resistant strains.

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MONITORING THE RESISTANCE OF CLINICAL STRAINS OF CANDIDA YEAST TO FLUCONAZOLE (A BRIEF LITERATURE REVIEW)

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2017-2-70-74 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 70-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. M. Zheltikova

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Yeast Species ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

The Past ◽

Fluconazole Resistant ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

The Moment ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

The article analyzes the global and national research on the resistance of Candida yeasts to fluconazole. The studies demonstrate that the formation of resistance is determined by many factors: type of yeast, choice of the antimycotic medication, geographical location, etc. In addition, one can not disregard the socio-economic and even political causes. The frequency of detection of drug-resistant strains of different species of Candida yeast to fluconazole varies across different regions, between countries of the same region, and may vary from year to year within a country. In other words, the formation of yeast resistance/ susceptibility to fluconazole, and to other antifungals alike, is dynamic and may be reversible.Therefore, both global and national studies conducted over the past decades and devoted to the formation of resistance of Candida yeast to azoles, in particular, fluconazole, have shown that it is still the medication of choice for the treatment of candidiasis, including acute vulvovaginal candidiasis, as well as for relief and prevention of exacerbations of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. C. krusei was and remains one of the most fluconazole-resistant yeast species. Other species, such as C. inconspicua and C. norvegensis, the number and incidence of which is too low for the moment to make any statistically valid conclusions, may in the future be added to the list.

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Vesicular dysfunction and pathways to neurodegeneration

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/ebc20210034 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick A. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Human Brain ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Case Studies ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

The Past ◽

Cellular Events ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Cellular Control

Abstract Cellular control of vesicle biology and trafficking is critical for cell viability, with disruption of these pathways within the cells of the central nervous system resulting in neurodegeneration and disease. The past two decades have provided important insights into both the genetic and biological links between vesicle trafficking and neurodegeneration. In this essay, the pathways that have emerged as being critical for neuronal survival in the human brain will be discussed – illustrating the diversity of proteins and cellular events with three molecular case studies drawn from different neurological diseases.

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Ser68 phosphoregulation is essential for CENP-A deposition, centromere function and viability in mice

10.1101/2021.11.23.469796 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuting Liu ◽

Kehui Wang ◽

Li Huang ◽

Jicheng Zhao ◽

Xinpeng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Histone H3 ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Centromere Function ◽

Histone H3 Variant ◽

A Cell ◽

Cycle Dependent ◽

Spatiotemporal Control

Centromere identity is defined by nucleosomes containing CENP-A, a histone H3 variant. The deposition of CENP-A at centromeres is tightly regulated in a cell-cycle-dependent manner. We previously reported that the spatiotemporal control of centromeric CENP-A incorporation is mediated by the phosphorylation of CENP-A Ser68. However, a recent report argued that Ser68 phosphoregulation is dispensable for accurate CENP-A loading. Here, we report that the substitution of Ser68 of endogenous CENP-A with either Gln68 or Glu68 severely impairs CENP-A deposition and cell viability. We also find that mice harboring the corresponding mutations are lethal. Together, these results indicate that the dynamic phosphorylation of Ser68 ensures cell-cycle-dependent CENP-A deposition and cell viability.

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