scholarly journals A Multicenter Study of the Correlations of Anterior and Posterior Corneal Parameters in Chinese Myopic Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijun Hu ◽  
Yanfang Wang ◽  
Shanqing Zhu ◽  
Lu Xiong ◽  
Xuejun Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Similar Correlation ◽  
Corneal Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract In this observational cross-sectional study consisting of 8365 Chinese myopic patients from five different ophthalmic centers, we investigated the correlations between anterior and posterior corneal parameters. Strongly negative anterior-posterior correlations of the mean corneal curvature were observed, with similar correlation coefficients in all myopic groups (R: -0.85 to -0.88). The anterior-posterior correlations of corneal astigmatism (R: 0.65 to 0.75), eccentricity (R: 0.27 to 0.38) and asphericity (R: 0.29 to 0.41) were all positive, with slightly different correlation coefficients between the myopic groups. The anterior-posterior correlations of mean corneal curvature were strongly negative with similar correlation coefficients in all quantile groups of six corneal and anterior chamber parameters (R: -0.84 to -0.91), except Sim Km (R: -0.36 to -0.64). The anterior-posterior correlations of corneal astigmatism were all positive with slightly different correlation coefficients between the quantile groups of SimKm (R: 0.66 to 0.74). The anterior-posterior correlations of corneal eccentricity (R: 0.30 to 0.44) and asphericity (R: 0.33 to 0.45) were positive and slightly different between the quantile groups of SimKm, pachy apex and corneal volume. In conclusion, anterior-posterior correlations of corneal curvature, astigmatism, eccentricity and asphericity can be affected by the severity of myopia and some other corneal parameters.

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (C-PHQ-9) in patients with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e033211
Author(s):  
Xin Ye ◽  
Hui-Ling Shu ◽  
Xia Feng ◽  
Deng-mei Xia ◽  
Zheng-qun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Mean

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (C-PHQ-9) in patients with psoriasis.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTertiary care centre.ParticipantsPatients with psoriasis who have not been diagnosed with depression (n=148; mean age 43.37±17.46 years; 31.19% female).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures considered in this study were the C-PHQ-9 and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). The American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-V) was used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of depression. Cronbach’s α and test–retest reliability after 1 week were evaluated using reliability analysis, and criterion and structural validity were assessed using validity analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the best demarcation score and diagnostic accuracy.ResultsCompared with DSM-V (27.27%), both C-PHQ-9 (39.19%) and HAMD (31.01%) had higher rates for detecting depression. The mean completion time for C-PHQ-9 evaluation (2.02±0.84 min) was significantly less than that for HAMD (23.37±3.21 min, p<0.001). The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the C-PHQ-9 was 0.938. The correlation coefficients of the nine items with the total scale ranged from 0.540 to 0.854, and the mean inter-item correlation coefficients ranged from 0.376 to 0.933. After a week, the retest coefficient was 0.955 (p<0.01). Principal component factor analysis showed that C-PHQ-9 identified a unifactorial structure. The best cut-off point was 9 points, with a sensitivity of 98.00% and a specificity of 90.80%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.979 (95% CI 0.968 to 0.991).ConclusionC-PHQ-9 has good reliability and validity in patients with psoriasis and can be used for primary screening of patients with psoriasis and depression. This scale has obvious time and labour advantages over the HAMD and should be considered for use in clinical practice.

scholarly journals ADULT MYOPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1660-1666
Author(s):  
NuhaMohamed Fath Elrahman ◽  
AbdElaziz Mohamed Elmadina ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad Qureshi ◽  
Adil Mousa Younis ◽  
Muhammad Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the correlation of central cornealthicknesses (CCT), mean keratometry (KM) and axial length (AL) to myopia degree in sphericalequivalent (SE) among Sudanese adults. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting:University Eye complex clinic and Makka Eye complex Omdurman. Period: April to October2015. Methods: Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), k-reading (KM), axial length and thedegree of refraction (SE) 0f 200 myopic eyes and 60 emmetropic eyes as a control groupwere measured. Results: Adult Sudanese females (57%) were found greater than males (43%)population; (χ 2 = 109.5, p = 0.000 ), most of the participants’ age was less than 25 years(χ 2 = 109.5, p = 0.000 ), and the mean myopic spherical equivalent (SE) was – 4.79 ± 2.55 D,ranging from -1.00 to -11.00 D. The mean CCT of the myopic group was 542.8 ±11.9 μm,while for the emmetropic group was 538.7 ±12.4 μm. The cornea were steeper in eyes withlonger axial length (r = 0.24, p =0.001). Eyes with higher myopic spherical equivalent hadlonger axial length (r =0.30, p <0.001). Mean keratometrys were steeper with increasing age(r= 0.24, p= 0.001). This study has shown that CCT has no correlation with degree of myopia(p= 0.46), gender (p= 0.99), and age (p= 0.07). The CCT, KM, and AL means for myopicparticipants were found significantly greater than emmetropic participants (p=0.000, 0.000,and 0.044 respectively. Conclusion: The females participants of myopia were higher rate thanmales, early adults’ age group were of higher rate myopic incident; there was no correlationbetween CCT and the degree of myopia, gender, and age. CCT, KM, and AL means for myopicwere found higher than emmetropic participant. Eyes with more myopic spherical equivalenthad longer axial length; corneal curvature mean becomes steeper with increasing age.

scholarly journals Adaptation and validation of the Carolinas Comfort Scale: a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study

Hernia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Parseliunas ◽  
S. Paskauskas ◽  
V. Simatoniene ◽  
J. Vaitekunas ◽  
D. Venskutonis
Keyword(s):  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Hernia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose Quality of life (QoL) is an important outcome following surgery. The Carolinas Comfort scale (CCS) is a specific questionnaire used to evaluate QoL in patients who underwent abdominal hernia repair with mesh. The aim of this study was to create a Lithuanian version of the CCS. Methods A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A Lithuanian version of the CCS was created by translating the original questionnaire in accordance with the guidelines. The Lithuanian questionnaire was provided to hernia patients at 1 week and at 1 month postoperatively. The main validation characteristics of the Lithuanian CCS were assessed and compared to the original version. Results The complete response rate of patients was close to 90%. Internal consistency was excellent, with a Cronbach’s α of 0.953. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.361 to 0.703 in the test–retest analysis. In the construct validity analysis, the strongest correlations were observed in the domains of physical functioning and bodily pain (− 0.655 and − 0.584, respectively) and the weakest correlations in role-emotional and mental health (− 0.268 and − 0.230, respectively). The mean scores of all CCS domains and the total score for satisfied patients were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than those of dissatisfied patients. The principal component analysis identified 3 components, with the first accounting for 56% of the variance. Conclusions The Lithuanian version of CCS maintains the original validity and is a reliable and valid tool for assessing specific QoL factors after the repair of inguinal hernia with mesh. We recommend using this CCS version in personal, local, and international contexts.

Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽  
S Hamal ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

Effect of Medialization of the Trochlear Groove and Lateralization of the Tibial Tubercle on TT-TG Distance: A Cross-sectional Study of Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Knees

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652098781
Author(s):  
Mathias Paiva ◽  
Lars Blønd ◽  
Per Hölmich ◽  
Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod
Keyword(s):  
Trochlear Dysplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Tibial Tubercle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Background: Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is often used as a measure of lateralization of the TT and is important for surgical planning. Purpose: To investigate if increased TT-TG distance measured on axial magnetic resonance images is due to lateralization of the TT or medialization of the TG. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 84 knees (28 normal [NK], 28 with trochlear dysplasia [TD], and 28 with patellar dislocation without TD [PD]) were examined. The medial border of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was chosen as the central anatomic landmark. The distance from the TT to PCL (TT-PCL) was measured to examine the lateralization of the TT. The distance from the TG to the PCL (TG-PCL) was measured to examine the medialization of the TG. Between-group differences were investigated by use of 1-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean values for TT-TG distance were 8.7 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 12.1 ± 6.0 mm for PD, and 16.7 ± 4.3 mm in the TD group ( P < .01). The mean values for TT-PCL distance were 18.5 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 18.5 ± 4.5 mm for PD, and 21.2 ± 4.2 mm in the TD group ( P = .03). The mean values for TG-PCL distance were 9.6 ± 3.0 mm for NK, 7.1 ± 3.4 mm for PD, and 5.1 ± 3.3 mm in the dysplastic group ( P < .01). Conclusion: The present results indicate that increased TT-TG distance is due to medialization of the TG and not lateralization of the TT. Knees with TD had increased TT-TG distance compared with the knees of the control group and the knees with PD. The TT-PCL distance did not differ significantly between groups, whereas the TG-PCL distance declined with increased TT-TG.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to identify the determinants of non-communicable diseases among fishermen in Southern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhila Doddamani ◽  
A. B. Kirthinath Ballala ◽  
Sharath P. Madhyastha ◽  
Asha Kamath ◽  
Muralidhar M. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Dietary Practice ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background India is currently facing a rising epidemic of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Identification of modifiable risk factors is of paramount importance to curb this menace. Fishermen are one of the most vulnerable occupational groups with unique characteristics that make them prone to acquire NCDs, as a significant share of their life is spent at sea. Hence, this study was planned to ascertain the burden of NCDs, determine various risk factors of NCDs, and measure the association between risk factors and NCDs among fishermen of Coastal Karnataka in South India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 681 fishermen aged 18 years and above as per the semi-structured interview schedule for two years (2017–2019). A convenience sampling strategy was adopted. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v.15.0. The results were described in terms of proportions and their 95% confidence intervals. Continuous data were summarized using the mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range depending on the skewness of data. Chi-square test was used to study the association between NCDs and modifiable risk factors. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of NCDs. Results The mean (SD) age of the population was 42.5 (SD 12.5) years. The mean years involved in fishing was 19.8 years (SD 10.9). More than half (59.5%) of the study participants had severe stress and most (80.3%) were ever substance users. Advancing age, not being able to contact family while at sea, poor dietary practice, ever substance use, increasing waist circumference were significant correlates of NCDs. Conclusions The commonly prevalent risk factors of NCDs among fishermen included poor dietary practice, higher stress levels, substance use, increasing waist circumference, and inability to contact with family while at sea. Hypertension and Diabetes were the two common NCDs in the study population. There is a need for immediate attention in managing NCDs’ risk factors by promoting a healthy lifestyle by primary health care providers through a sustainable community awareness program targeting fishermen at a convenient time and location, either at the sea-port or meeting places. Harmful effects of substance use, healthy dietary practices, and the importance of physical activity outside their job need emphasis. In addition, screening programs should be organized with the help of boat owners and fishing associations at-least once a year to pick up NCDs at an early stage.

A cross sectional study: The association between sleeping quality and stress among second and third medical students at the University of Jordan

2021 ◽  
pp. 009121742110112
Author(s):  
AA Toubasi ◽  
BR Khraisat ◽  
RB AbuAnzeh ◽  
HM Kalbouneh
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
University Of Jordan ◽  
The University

Objective Medicine is considered one if not the most stressful educational field. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of stress and poor sleeping quality among medical students and the association between them. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Jordan on second- and third-year medical students. The questionnaire consisted of: 1) Demographics; 2) The assessment tools which were Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index (PSQI) and Kessler Psychological Distress Status (K10). Binary logistic regression, chi-square and linear regression were used to investigate the association between PSQI, K10, and their determinants. Results The mean for PSQI score was 6.76 ± 3.32. PSQI scores interpretation revealed that 61.7% of the 282 participants of this study were poor sleepers. Logistic regression results showed that only the category of not napping at all from the napping hours variable was significantly associated with sleeping quality. Furthermore, the mean of K10 scores was 24.5 ± 8.5. K10 scores revealed that 66.3% of the participants were stressed. Logistic regression results showed that gender and regular exercise were significantly associated with psychological distress. Additionally, chi-square test, logistic regression and linear regression showed that PSQI was significantly associated with K10 (P <0.01). Conclusions Stress and poor sleeping quality in medical students at the University of Jordan were highly prevalent and strongly associated. What determined PSQI was daytime napping, and for K10 were regular exercise and gender. Further investigations into stress and sleep quality in the Arabian region are needed.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed food consumption in Barbados: evidence from a nationally representative, cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Harris ◽  
Angela M. C. Rose ◽  
Suzanne Soares-Wynter ◽  
Nigel Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Our objective was to describe, for the first time in an English-speaking Caribbean country, the contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) to nutrients linked to non-communicable disease. Using a cross-sectional study design, dietary data were collected from two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Recorded food items were then classified according to their degree of processing by the NOVA system. The present study took place in Barbados (2012–13). A representative population-based sample of 364 adult Barbadians (161 males and 203 females) aged 25–64 years participated in the study. UPFs represented 40⋅5 % (838 kcal/d; 95 % CI 791, 885) of mean energy intake. Sugar-sweetened beverages made the largest contribution to energy within the UPF category. Younger persons (25–44 years) consumed a significantly higher proportion of calories from UPF (NOVA group 4) compared with older persons (45–64 years). The mean energy shares of UPF ranged from 22⋅0 to 58⋅9 % for those in the lowest tertile to highest tertile. Within each tertile, the energy contribution was significantly higher in the younger age group (25–44 years) compared with the older (45–64 years). One-quarter of persons consume ≥50 % of their daily calories from UPF, this being significantly higher in younger persons. The ultra-processed diet fraction contained about six times the mean of free sugars and about 0⋅8 times the dietary fibre of the non-ultra-processed fraction (NOVA groups 1–3). Targeted interventions to decrease the consumption of UPF especially in younger persons is thus of high priority to improve the diet quality of Barbadians.

scholarly journals Waist circumference and waist circumference to height ratios of Kaingáng indigenous adolescents from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 2053-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Gontijo de Castro ◽  
Laura A. Barufaldi ◽  
Michael Maia Schlüssel ◽  
Wolney Lisboa Conde ◽  
Maurício Soares Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents

The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of waist circumference (WC) and WC to height (WCTH) values among Kaingáng indigenous adolescents in order to estimate the prevalence of high WCTH values and evaluate the correlation between WC and WCTH and body mass index (BMI)-for-age. A total of 1,803 indigenous adolescents were evaluated using a school-based cross-sectional study. WCTH values > 0.5 were considered high. Higher mean WC and WCTH values were observed for girls in all age categories. WCTH values > 0.5 were observed in 25.68% of the overall sample of adolescents. Mean WC and WCTH values were significantly higher for adolescents with BMI/age z-scores > 2 than for those with normal z-scores. The correlation coefficients of WC and WCTH for BMI/age were r = 0.68 and 0.76, respectively, for boys, and r = 0.79 and 0.80, respectively, for girls. This study highlights elevated mean WC and WCTH values and high prevalence of abdominal obesity among Kaingáng indigenous adolescents.

scholarly journals Association between Diabetic Retinopathy and Chronic Periodontitis—A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena H. R. ◽  
Sribhargava Natesh ◽  
Sudhir Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
The Mean

Periodontal disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth, increases the risk of complications in diabetics. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of prolonged hyperglycaemia. There appears to be a similarity in the pathogenesis of DR and PD. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association, if any, between DR and PD, correlate the severity of DR with the severity of PD, and investigate the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine and periodontal variables. The periodontal status of 200 adult diabetic patients in the age group of 30–65 years with varying severity of DR was assessed. Evaluation of the severity of PD was assessed by recording clinical parameters. Haematological investigations including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum creatinine were estimated before the initiation of treatment for DR. A statistically significant association between the mean duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the severity of DR and PD was found. The severity of PD was directly correlated with the severity of DR. There was a significant association between the levels of HbA1c and serum creatinine and severity of DR and PD. There could be a plausible relationship between DR and PD. Further prospective studies on a larger population with longer follow-ups are required to ascertain whether PD and its severity directly affect the progression and severity of DR.

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