scholarly journals Compositional aspects and bacteriological quality of camel milk from Tunisian oasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaldi Zahran ◽  
Nafti Mounir ◽  
Jilani Tabarek
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study was planned to investigate the raw milk characteristics and quality aspects and to evaluate the impact of nongenetic factors on physicochemical composition and microbial quality of milk from local Maghrebi camels (Camelus dromedarius) kept under a traditional system in oasis areas, southern west, Tunisia. Forty-nine individual milk samples were collected from lactating Negga over two periods of the year (winter and summer). Animals belonging to private flocks were between 5 and 17.5 years of age, with parity numbers ranging from first to sixth. Samples were analyzed for physical parameters, chemical composition, mineral concentrations, and microbiological features according to standard methods. The overall means of physical characteristics were 6.63 ± 0.22, 1030.63 ± 2.54, and 19.11 ± 4.08 for pH, density, and acidity, respectively. No significant association (P > 0.05) between physical characteristics and nongenetic factors has been observed. The average results of chemical composition for dry matter, protein, fat, casein, lactose, ash, and casein/protein ratio were 115.24±15.67g/L, 30.98±6.40 g/L, 32.84±4.88 g/L, 22.77±4.27 g/L, 37.21±4.64 g/L, 6.87±1.59 g/L, and 0.74±0.06 g/L respectively. Season, parity, and age were confirmed to impinge significantly on chemical components, except for lactose. The maximum contents of total solids, protein, casein, and fat content were observed during winter. The third lactation was characterized with the highest content of total solids, protein, casein, and lactose; while the highest fat content was recorded in the second lactation. Lactose content was stable throughout all the studied age classes (P > 0.05), whereas the other chemical constituents, showed an obvious superiority in the age class of 7≤ age ≤ 9 years. Season, parity, and age of the animal exerted a significant effect on all minerals. The highest levels of Ca, P, and K were recorded in the winter (P<0.01) whereas Na showed an opposite pattern and was higher in the summer (P<0.01). All major minerals were higher in milk from multiparous than primiparous camels, with maximum concentrations at the fourth lactation. The uppermost levels of mineral concentrations were recorded in the age class of 7≤ age ≤ 9 years. The lowest ones were those of animals over 12 years old. The microbial analysis of raw milk which is affected by season, parity, and age showed higher overall contamination levels in all studied bacterial counts. The highest levels were observed in winter, among the multiparous and oldest Negga. The results highlighted the complete absence of the two dangerous pathogens Salmonella and CSR in all analyzed samples.

scholarly journals Problems of quality of raw milk and their overcoming by dipping procedures with Forticept® drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Аnatolii Shevchenko ◽  
Diana Feshchenko ◽  
Oksana Zghozinska ◽  
Roman Sachuk ◽  
Yaroslav Stravsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Impact

Indicators of physical and chemical composition of raw milk determine the safety and quality of products of its processing (cheese, butter, sour milk drinks). Cow udder hygiene is a guarantee of animal health and one of the most important factors in obtaining high-quality milk. The purpose of the study was to analyze the quality of raw milk in farms in the western region of Ukraine, as well as to determine the impact of dipping procedures using Forticept® Udder Wash (predipping) and Forticept® Udder Forte (dipping) on the quality of milk. In the course of the study, the generally accepted methods of physicochemical and bacteriological research of milk were used. In dairy complexes, where modern hygienically sound milk production technology has been introduced, mastitis affected no more than 9.5% of the herd. At the same time, in other farms with an imperfect industrial scheme, breast pathologies covered 57–80% of the herd. Also, according to authors’ data, the subclinical form of mastitis caused a decrease in milk production to 30 liters per month from one cow. Furthermore, the disease significantly affected the chemical composition, physical and microbiological parameters of milk. In livestock affected by mastitis, the average fat content of milk decreased to 3.17±0.05 %, protein content – 2.93±0.12 %, casein – 2.53±0.17 %. In contrast, the number of somatic cells increased to 769.3±57.34 thousand/cm3. In the experiment, the therapeutic effect of the applied dipping with Forticept® solutions in the subclinical form of mastitis was 50%. The preventive effect almost reached a maximum – 96 %. In fact, the procedure of dipping hygiene of the udder, regardless of the classic or innovative formula of the chosen remedy, significantly reduced the number of cases of hyperkeratosis and prevented the emergence of new ones. The number of udder nipple with pathological changes during the month of dipping decreased by 25%. Intensive udder hygiene also led to an increase in milk fat content (from 13.7 to 17.8%), protein (from 7.3 to 11.9%, P≤0.05) and lactose (from 6.1, P≤0.05 to 2.5%). Moreover, there were a decrease the number of somatic cells to grade milk of high quality (129.76±30.88 thousand/cm3, P≤0.05). Therefore, treatment of the udder by dipping procedures using antiseptic solutions Forticept® prevents cows from mastitis and hyperkeratosis, improves the chemical and bacteriological parameters of milk. In the future, test studies of Forticept® drugs for the use of small cattle are planned.

scholarly journals Quality of raw milk collected from Mymensingh town in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Uddin ◽  
MR Habib ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
S Afrin ◽  
MH Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Different Sources

The present study was conducted to know the chemical qualities and adulteration of fresh raw milk collected from local markets (Bhangnamari bazaar, Sutiakhali bazaar, Vabokhali bazaar, Shombhuganj bazaar and Mymensingh sadar bazaar) of Mymensingh sadar, Bangladesh. Milk samples were analyzed for chemical parameters (contents of acidity, total solids, solids-not-fat, fat, protein and ash) and adulteration (presence of formalin, sugar or starch). Also, lactometer reading was recorded to monitor the specific gravity of the collected milk samples. Result showed that the specific gravity of milk from different sources differed non-significantly. The total solids, fat and protein contents of all the samples were in normal range except the milk fat content collected from Shombhuganj bazaar (32.66±4.04 g/Kg) and Mymensingh sadar bazaar (30.66±4.51 g/Kg) which had less (p<0.01) than the minimum legal standard of milk fat (35.00 g/Kg). The solids-not-fat content of the milk samples collected from Bhangnamari bazaar (72.93±8.78 g/Kg) and Vabokhali bazaar (79.33±6.81 g/Kg) were less than that from Mymensingh sadar bazaar (95.67±11.72 g/Kg). Developed acidity was detected in the samples from Bhangnamari bazaar (0.180±0.03), Sutiakhali bazaar (0.187±0.04%) and Mymensingh sadar bazaar (0.180±0.02%), while other samples were found to the fresh (0.150-0.157%). All of the adulteration tests showed negative results. The results suggested that though there were some fluctuations in quality among the bazaars regarding the standard of parameters, the raw milk samples were of acceptable quality.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 73-78

Impact of Raw Materials and Processing Techniques on The Microbiological Quality of Egyptian Domiati Cheese

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Yeast

Domiati cheese is the most popular brand of cheese ripened in brine in the Middle East in terms of consumed quantities. This study was performed to investigate the impact of the microbiological quality of the used raw materials, the applied traditional processing techniques and ripening period on the quality and safety of the produced cheese. Three hundred random composite samples were collected from three factories at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Collected samples represent twenty-five each of: raw milk, table salt, calf rennet, microbial rennet, water, environmental air, whey, fresh cheese, ripened cheese & swabs from: worker hands; cheese molds and utensils; tanks. All samples were examined microbiologically for Standard Plate Count (SPC), coliforms count, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) count, total yeast & mould count, presence of E. coli, Salmonellae and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The mean value of SPC, coliforms, S. aureus and total yeast & mould counts ranged from (79×102 CFU/m3 for air to 13×108 CFU/g for fresh cheese), (7×102 MPN/ cm2 for tank swabs to 80×106 MPN/ml for raw milk), (9×102 CFU/g for salt to 69×106 CFU/g for fresh cheese) and (2×102 CFU/cm2 for hand swabs to 60×104 CFU/g for fresh cheese), respectively. Whereas, E. coli, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes failed to be detected in all examined samples. There were significant differences in all determined microbiological parameters (p ≤0.05) between fresh and ripened cheese which may be attributed to different adverse conditions such as water activity, pH, salt content and temperature carried out to improve the quality of the product.

Durability and Permanence in the Quality – Contemporary Parameters, Defining the Papers and Cardboards for Printing Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denitsa Ivanova-Alexandrova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
Long Period ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Composition Properties ◽  
The Impact

The long lifecycle, also known as durability and the permanence / invariability in the quality of papers and cardbords for graphic art, are today the basic requirements, imposed by printed art in terms of high quality parameters. These two factors are a manifestation, depending on different internal chemical-composition properties of the paper consistency and external influences of the ambience. Longevity and permanence are perceived as a function of aging and are actually observed at a later point in time. It is important to clarify that they are terms with different contents where „durability” is perceived as the ability of the paper or cardboard to resist the impact of wear during use, and the „permanence” is the possibility of product to remain chemically and physically stable for a long period of time.

Utilization of sewage sludge ashes in the brick and tile industry

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Wiebusch ◽  
Carl Franz Seyfried
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Sludge Incineration ◽  
Brick And Tile ◽  
The Impact

Several aspects of using ashes from sewage sludge incineration in the brick and tile industry have been examined. After discussing the item of ash production in Germany, the impact of different wastewater treatment methods is described; for instance, the use of precipitation agents containing iron will considerably influence the ash quality. Depending on their respective chemical composition, different ashes have different effects on the ceramic qualities of the bricks made of clay blended with ashes. These effects will be shown in regard to the major ceramic parameters. Similarly, the quality of the ashes also influences the elution behaviour and the mineral fixation of heavy metals.

scholarly journals The Impact of Foliar Application of Calcium Fertilizers on the Quality of Highbush Blueberry Fruits Belonging to the ‘Duke’ Cultivar

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Dariusz OCHMIAN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
The West ◽  
The Impact

The studies were conducted in the period of 2010-2011, in the Laboratory of Orcharding at the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, and related to the bushes of the highbush blueberry of the Duke cultivar. The authors examined the impact of foliar calcium fertlizers (Calcinit, Calcium chloride, Fruton Calcium Calcium, Folanx®Ca29 Lebosol Calcium Forte Calcium Forte) on the fruit size and firmness, their chemical composition, content of macronutrients in the foliage and fruits, and their colour. It was found that the applied fertlizers have varied impact on the examined attributes. The bushes sprayed with the Lebosol Calcium Forte and Calcinit preparations had big fruits with a high content of K and Mg, and dark foliage. The application of the Lebosol Calcium Forte fertilizer increased the content of polyphenols and vitamin C in the fruits. The smallest amounts of such compounds were determined in the fruits sprayed with the Calcinit fertilizer. The highest firmness and resistance to mechanical damage were achieved in the case of the fruits collected from the bushes sprayed with the foliar fertlizers containing calcium chloride, such as Fruton Calcium and Folanx Ca29. It was determined that the application of the calcium preparations resulted in the increase of the calcium content in the fruits and foliage. The highest amounts of this element were determined in the case of the plants sprayed with the Folanx Ca29 and Lebosol Calcium Forte preparations.

The Influence Factors of Silicon Steel Magnetic Property

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Shang ◽  
Hai Li Yang ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Yun Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Property ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Silicon Steel ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Size Type ◽  
The Impact

Magnetic properties of silicon steel mainly depend on the internal organizational structure and chemical composition. The main factors affecting magnetic properties of silicon steel are analyzed and summarized, including grain size, inclusions (size, type, quantity, and morphology), crystal texture, internal stress, dimensional accuracy, the surface quality of steels, and chemical composition. The impact mechanism of the factors influencing silicon steel magnetic property is explained and these influence factors are interrelated.

scholarly journals E-Service Quality, E-Loyalty, and E-Satisfaction Muslim Travellers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Malikhatul Marati ◽  
Muhammad Ali Faisal ◽  
Ikhsan Dwi Anggoro ◽  
Saiful Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

This study aims to determine the effect of e-service quality on e- loyalty with e-satisfaction as an intervening variable for muslim travellers. The population are Traveloka users in Java. Purposive random sampling are used. The sample was obtained from 170 respondents by online collecting data questionnaire. SPSS 21.0 program are used to data analyze. The analytical tool were Multiple Regression and Path Analysis. The results showed that: e-service quality aspects of reliability, tangible, and empathy had a positive and significant effect on e-satisfaction. E- satisfaction and E-Service have a positive and significant impact on e- loyalty. E-satisfaction can mediate the impact of reliability, tangible, and empathy on e-loyalty, while responsiveness and assurance do not mediate the effect of e-satisfaction on e-loyalty The results of this study can theoretically strengthen the existing theory that e-satisfaction can mediate the effect of reliability, tangible and empathy on e-loyalty, while responsiveness and assurance do not mediate the impact of e-satisfaction on e-loyalty. The practical implications in this study are used as input for platform provider to improve the quality of services provided by platform provider to muslim travelers.

scholarly journals The impact of processing methods on chemical composition, mineral bioavailability and functional properties of Nigerian-grown cashew flour

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makinde Folasade Maria ◽  
Joel Ifeoluwa Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Mineral Bioavailability ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Range Test

In this study, the effect of processing methods on the nutritional quality and functional properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn) kernels were investigated. The kernels were soaked, autoclaved, roasted or germinated at varying time duration; raw kernel served as control. The samples were analysed for chemical, mineral bioavailability and functional properties. Data was subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated by the Duncan multiple range test. The result of chemical composition analyses revealed that raw cashew kernels contained 3.55±0.08% moisture, 21.3±0.05% protein, 45.0±0.15% fat, 2.53±0.02% fibre, 1.59±0.02% ash, 26.1±0.01% carbohydrate, 521.75 Kcal/g energy, 2210.09±0.02mg/kg calcium, 1712.54±0.03mg/kg magnesium, 60.04±0.01 mg/kg iron and 36.74±0.02mg/kg zinc. Tannin, phytate and oxalate concentrations in the raw cashew kernel were 10.14±0.03 mg/kg, 99.30±0.02mg/kg and 11.03±0.03mg/kg respectively. Increased fat, ash and fibre levels were noted for treated samples compared to raw kernels. Mineral concentrations were increased significantly by various treatments compared to raw kernel; however, germination resulted in the highest increase of mineral content. A reduction trend was observed in phytate, oxalate and tannin concentrations in the treated samples with respect to increased processing time. Consequently, various treatments influenced the bioavailability of mineral elements. Treated samples exhibited significant differences in loose and packed bulk densities, water and oil absorption capacities when compared to raw kernels. Germination shows potential to generate not only much needed nutrients in cashew for human development, but also improved bioavailability of nutrients and functionality compared to other processing methods. This approach can used in Community Nutrition and Emergency Feeding Programmes, in developing countries, where the consequence of anti-nutritional factors may worsen the incidence of malnutrition and disease. 

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