scholarly journals Green Approach to Clean Marble Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Campanella ◽  
Francesco Cardellicchio ◽  
Emanuele Dell’Aglio ◽  
Rita Reale ◽  
Anna Maria Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Complexing Capacity ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Before And After

Abstract In the field of cultural heritage restoration, the removal of iron corrosion stains is a difficult problem to deal with, especially in porous stone materials. Many studies in recent years have been aimed at finding simple and reliable methods using non-toxic chelating compounds. The search for natural compounds is therefore of great relevance, especially in the restoration of cultural heritage, where the use of toxic chemical compounds often involves risks for the environment and human health. Following this trend, the purpose of this preliminary work was to verify the use of two natural proteins, Lactotransferrin (Ltf) and Ovotransferrin (Ovt), for the removal of iron-based stains on marble surfaces. The two proteins, whose high affinity for iron "in vivo" has been widely documented, were extracted from their natural matrices. The protein extracts were then immobilized using a common cellulose pulp. The poultices obtained were spread on the surfaces of artificially stained marble specimens and, after a set time, were easily removed. The effectiveness of the removal, visually evident, was detected by spectrocolorimetry and image analysis. The surface analyses, before and after the treatment, carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirmed that both proteins have a selective and effective complexing capacity for the ferric ions of rust stains.

Radiolabeled r-Hirudin as a Measure of Thrombin Activity at, or within, the Rabbit Aorta Wall In Vitro and In Vivo

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (04) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W C Hatton ◽  
Bonnie Ross-Ouellet
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Balloon Injury ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Aorta Wall ◽  
Thrombin Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix

SummaryThe behavior of 125I-labeled recombinant hirudin towards the uninjured and de-endothelialized rabbit aorta wall has been studied in vitro and in vivo to determine its usefulness as an indicator of thrombin activity associated with the aorta wall. Thrombin adsorbed to either sulfopropyl-Sephadex or heparin-Sepharose bound >95% of 125I-r-hirudin and the complex remained bound to the matrix. Binding of 125I-r-hirudin to the exposed aorta subendothelium (intima-media) in vitro was increased substantially if the tissue was pre-treated with thrombin; the quantity of l25I-r-hirudin bound to the de-endothelialized intima-media (i.e. balloon-injured in vitro) correlated positively with the quantity of bound 131I-thrombin (p <0.01). Aortas balloon-injured in vivo were measured for thrombin release from, and binding of 125I-r-hirudin to, the de-endothelialized intimal surface in vitro; 125I-r-hirudin binding correlated with the amount of active thrombin released (p <0.001). Uptake of 125I-r-hirudin by the aorta wall in vivo was proportional to the uptake of 131I-fibrinogen (as an indicator of thrombin activity) before and after balloon injury. After 30 min in the circulation, specific 125I-r-hirudin binding to the uninjured and de-endo- thelialized (at 1.5 h after injury) aorta wall was equivalent to 3.4 (± 2.5) and 25.6 (±18.1) fmol of thrombin/cm2 of intima-media, respectively. Possibly, only hirudin-accessible, glycosaminoglycan-bound thrombin is measured in this way.

The Effect of Active Site-inhibited Factor VIIa on Tissue Factor-initiated Coagulation Using Platelets before and after Aspirin Administration

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (04) ◽  
pp. 1202-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Kjalke ◽  
Julie A Oliver ◽  
Dougald M Monroe ◽  
Maureane Hoffman ◽  
Mirella Ezban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antithrombotic Agent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ic50 Values

SummaryActive site-inactivated factor VIIa has potential as an antithrombotic agent. The effects of D-Phe-L-Phe-L-Arg-chloromethyl ketone-treated factor VIla (FFR-FVIIa) were evaluated in a cell-based system mimicking in vivo initiation of coagulation. FFR-FVIIa inhibited platelet activation (as measured by expression of P-selectin) and subsequent large-scale thrombin generation in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 1.4 ± 0.8 nM (n = 8) and 0.9 ± 0.7 nM (n = 7), respectively. Kd for factor VIIa binding to monocytes ki for FFR-FVIIa competing with factor VIIa were similar (11.4 ± 0.8 pM and 10.6 ± 1.1 pM, respectively), showing that FFR-FVIIa binds to tissue factor in the tenase complex with the same affinity as factor VIIa. Using platelets from volunteers before and after ingestion of aspirin (1.3 g), there were no significant differences in the IC50 values of FFR-FVIIa [after aspirin ingestion, the IC50 values were 1.7 ± 0.9 nM (n = 8) for P-selectin expression, p = 0.37, and 1.4 ± 1.3 nM (n = 7) for thrombin generation, p = 0.38]. This shows that aspirin treatment of platelets does not influence the inhibition of tissue factor-initiated coagulation by FFR-FVIIa, probably because thrombin activation of platelets is not entirely dependent upon expression of thromboxane A2.

Determination and Treatment of Disorders of Primary Haemostasis

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Weippert-Kretschmer ◽  
V. Kretschmer
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Platelet Function Disorders ◽  
Perioperative Bleeding ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Sensitivity

SummaryPerioperative bleeding complications due to disorders of primary haemostasis are often underestimated. Routine determination of primary haemostasis is still problematic. The in vivo bleeding time (BT) shows low sensitivity and high variability. In this contribution the results and experiences with the IVBT having been obtained in various studies and during 10 years of routine use are reported. Patients and Methods: Blood donors before and after ASA ingestion, patients with thrombocytopenia as well as congenital and acquired platelet function disorders. Monitoring of desmopressin efficacy. IVBT with Thrombostat 4000 (tests with CaCl2 = TST-CaCl2 and ADP = TST-ADP) and PFA-100 (test cartridges with epinephrine = PFA-EPI and ADP = PFA-ADP). Results and Conclusions: IVBT becomes abnormal with platelet counts <100,000/μl. With platelet counts <50,000/μl the results are mostly outside the methodical range. IVBT proved clearly superior to BT in von Willebrand syndrome (vWS). All 16 patients with vWS were detected by PFA-EPI, whereas with BT 7 of 10 patients with moderate and 1 of 6 patients with mild forms of vWS were spotted. The majority of acquired and congenital platelet function disorders with relevant bleeding tendency were detectable by IVBT. Sometimes diagnostic problems arose in case of storage pool defect. Four to 12 h after ingestion of a single dose of 100 mg ASA the TST-CaCl2 became abnormal in all cases, the PFA-EPI only in 80%. However, the ASA sensitivity of TST-CaCl2 proved even too high when looking for perioperative bleeding complications in an urological study. Therefore, the lower ASS sensitivity of the PFA-100 seems to be rather advantageous for the estimation of a real bleeding risk. The good efficacy of desmopressin in the majority of cases with mild thrombocytopenia, congenital and acquired platelet function disorders and even ASS-induced platelet dysfunction could be proven by means of the IVBT. Thus IVBT may help to increase the reliability of the therapy. However, the IVBT with the PFA-100 is not yet fully developed. Nevertheless, routine use can be recommended when special methodical guidelines are followed.

Аpplying of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of chronic pulpitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
F. Yu. Daurova ◽  
D. I. Tomaeva ◽  
S. V. Podkopaeva ◽  
Yu. A. Taptun
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After

Relevance: the reason for the development of complications in endodontic treatment is poor-quality instrumental treatment root canals.Aims: a study of the animicrobial action and clinical efficacy of high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the treatment of chronic forms of pulpitis.Materials and methods: 102 patients with various chronic forms of pulpitis were divided into three groups of 34 patients each. In the first two groups, high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation was used in endodontic treatment in different modes. In the third group, endodontic treatment was carried out without the use of diathermocoagulation (comparison group). The root canal microflora in chronic pulpitis in vivo was studied twice-before and after diathermocoagulation.Results: it was established that high-frequency monopolar diathermocoagulation in the effect mode is 3, power is 4 (4.1 W) and effect is 4, power is 4 (5.4 W) with an exposure time of 3 seconds, it has a pronounced antibacterial effect on all presented pathogenic microflora obtained from the root canals of the teeth.

scholarly journals Effect of sizing agent on interfacial properties of carbon fiber-reinforced PMMA composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 2633366X2097865
Author(s):  
Li Jian
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Before And After ◽  
C Value ◽  
Interlayer Shear Strength ◽  
Pmma Resin

The surface treatment of carbon fibers (CFs) was carried out using a self-synthesized sizing agent. The effects of sizing agent on the surface of CFs and the interface properties of CF/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composites were mainly studied. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and static contact angle were used to compare and study the CFs before and after the surface treatment, including surface morphology, surface chemical element composition, and wettability of the surface. The influence of sizing agent on the mechanical properties of CF/PMMA resin composite interface was investigated. The results show that after sizing treatment, the CF surface O/C value increased by 35.1% and the contact angles of CF and resin decreased by 16.2%. The interfacial shear strength and interlayer shear strength increased by 12.6%.

scholarly journals Detection of the TiO2 Concentration in the Protective Coatings for the Cultural Heritage by Means of Hyperspectral Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Antonio Costanzo ◽  
Donatella Ebolese ◽  
Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo ◽  
Sergio Falcone ◽  
Carmelo la Piana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Test Application ◽  
Nanoparticle Coatings

Nanotechnology-based materials are currently being tested in the protection of cultural heritage: ethyl silicate or silica nanoparticles dispersed in aqueous colloidal suspensions mixed with titanium dioxide are used as a coating for stone materials. These coatings can play a key role against the degradation of stone materials, due to the deposit of organic matter and other contaminants on the substrate, a phenomenon that produces a greater risk for the monuments in urban areas because of the increasing atmospheric pollution. However, during the application phase, it is important to evaluate the amount of titanium dioxide in the coatings on the substrate, as it can produce a coverage effect on the asset. In this work, we present the hyperspectral data obtained through a field spectroradiometer on samples of different stone materials, which have been prepared in laboratory with an increasing weight percentage of titanium dioxide from 0 to 8 wt%. The data showed spectral signatures dependent on the content of titanium dioxide in the wavelength range 350–400 nm. Afterwards, blind tests were performed on other samples in order to evaluate the reliability of these measurements in detecting the unknown weight percentage of titanium dioxide. Moreover, an investigation was also performed on a test application of nanoparticle coatings on a stone statue located in a coastal town in Calabria (southern Italy). The results showed that the surveys can be useful for verifying the phase of application of the coating on cultural heritage structures; however, they could also be used to check the state of the coated stone directly exposed over time to atmospheric, biological and chemical agents.

scholarly journals The Effect of Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm/532 nm Laser in the Treatment of Onychomycosis In Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Kalokasidis ◽  
Meltem Onder ◽  
Myrto-Georgia Trakatelli ◽  
Bertrand Richert ◽  
Klaus Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
532 Nm

In this prospective clinical study, the Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm/532 nm laser (Light Age, Inc., Somerset, NJ, USA) was used on 131 onychomycosis subjects (94 females, 37 males; ages 18 to 68 years). Mycotic cultures were taken and fungus types were detected. The laser protocol included two sessions with a one-month interval. Treatment duration was approximately 15 minutes per session and patients were observed over a 3-month time period. Laser fluencies of 14 J/cm2were applied at 9 billionths of a second pulse duration and at 5 Hz frequency. Follow-up was performed at 3 months with mycological cultures. Before and after digital photographs were taken. Adverse effects were recorded and all participants completed “self-evaluation questionnaires” rating their level of satisfaction. All subjects were well satisfied with the treatments, there were no noticeable side effects, and no significant differences were found treating men versus women. At the 3-month follow-up 95.42% of the patients were laboratory mycologically cured of fungal infection. This clinical study demonstrates that fungal nail infections can be effectively and safely treated with Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm/532 nm laser. It can also be combined with systemic oral antifungals providing more limited treatment time.

scholarly journals miR-146a-5p Promotes Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Inhibits Autophagy of Osteoarthritis by Targeting NUMB

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110235
Author(s):  
Hongjun Zhang ◽  
Wendi Zheng ◽  
Du Li ◽  
Jia Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Chondrocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Human And Mouse

Objective miR-146a-5p was found to be significantly upregulated in cartilage tissue of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). NUMB was shown to be involved in the autophagy regulation process of cells. We aimed to learn whether NUMB was involved in the apoptosis or autophagy process of chondrocytes in OA and related with miR-146a-5p. Methods QRT-PCR was used to detect miR-146a-5p level in 22 OA cartilage tissues and 22 controls. The targets of miR-146a-5p were analyzed using software and the luciferase reporter experiment. The apoptosis and autophagy, and related proteins were detected in chondrocytes treated with miR-146a-5p mimic/inhibitor or pcDNA3.1-NUMB/si-NUMB and IL-1β, respectively. In vivo experiment, intra-articular injection of miR-146a-5p antagomir/NC was administered at the knee of OA male mice before and after model construction. Chondrocyte apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related proteins were also detected. Results miR-146a-5p was highly expressed in knee cartilage tissue of patients with OA, while NUMB was lowly expressed and negatively regulated by miR-146a-5p. Upregulation of miR-146a-5p can promote cell apoptosis and reduce autophagy of human and mouse chondrocytes by modulating the levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bax, Beclin 1, ATG5, p62, LC3-I, and LC3-II. Increasing the low level of NUMB reversed the effects of miR-146a-5p on chondrocyte apoptosis and autophagy. Intra-articular injection of miR-146a-5p antagomir can also reverse the effects of miR-146a-5p on the apoptosis and autophagy of knee joint chondrocytes in OA mice. Conclusion Downregulation of miR-146a-5p suppresses the apoptosis and promotes autophagy of chondrocytes by targeting NUMB in vivo and in vitro.

scholarly journals Silane-Coating Strategy for Titanium Functionalization Does Not Impair Osteogenesis In Vivo

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1814
Author(s):  
Plinio Mendes Senna ◽  
Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão ◽  
Rafael Coutinho Mello-Machado ◽  
Kayvon Javid ◽  
Pietro Montemezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Silane Coating ◽  
Titanium Screws

Silane-coating strategy has been used to bind biological compounds to the titanium surface, thereby making implant devices biologically active. However, it has not been determined if the presence of the silane coating itself is biocompatible to osseointegration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if silane-coating affects bone formation on titanium using a rabbit model. For this, titanium screw implants (3.75 by 6 mm) were hydroxylated in a solution of H2SO4/30% H2O2 for 4 h before silane-coating with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). A parallel set of titanium screws underwent only the hydroxylation process to present similar acid-etched topography as a control. The presence of the silane on the surface was checked by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A total of 40 titanium screws were implanted in the tibia of ten New Zealand rabbits in order to evaluate bone-to-implant contact (BIC) after 3 weeks and 6 weeks of healing. Silane-coated surface presented higher nitrogen content in the XPS analysis, while micro- and nano-topography of the surface remained unaffected. No difference between the groups was observed after 3 and 6 weeks of healing (p > 0.05, independent t-test), although an increase in BIC occurred over time. These results indicate that silanization of a titanium surface with APTES did not impair the bone formation, indicating that this can be a reliable tool to anchor osteogenic molecules on the surface of implant devices.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Novel Arginine-Based Flame Retardant and Its Application in Lyocell Fabric

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3588
Author(s):  
Jiayi Chen ◽  
Yansong Liu ◽  
Jiayue Zhang ◽  
Yuanlin Ren ◽  
Xiaohui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Before And After

Lyocell fabrics are widely applied in textiles, however, its high flammability increases the risk of fire. Therefore, to resolve the issue, a novel biomass-based flame retardant with phosphorus and nitrogen elements was designed and synthesized by the reaction of arginine with phosphoric acid and urea. It was then grafted onto the lyocell fabric by a dip-dry-cure technique to prepare durable flame-retardant lyocell fabric (FR-lyocell). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis demonstrated that the flame retardant was successfully introduced into the lyocell sample. Thermogravimetric (TG) and Raman analyses confirmed that the modified lyocell fabric featured excellent thermal stability and significantly increased char residue. Vertical combustion results indicated that FR-lyocell before and after washing formed a complete and dense char layer. Thermogravimetric Fourier-transform infrared (TG-FTIR) analysis suggested that incombustible substances (such as H2O and CO2) were produced and played a significant fire retarding role in the gas phase. The cone calorimeter test corroborated that the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) declined by 89.4% and 56.4%, respectively. These results indicated that the flame retardancy of the lyocell fabric was observably ameliorated.

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