scholarly journals Biochemical and biophysical changes in plasma and erythrocyte membranes of alcohol consuming type 2 diabetics: A clinical study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellutla Naresh ◽  
Ananda Vardhan Hebbani ◽  
Vaddi Damodara Reddy ◽  
Varadacharyulu NCh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Biophysical Changes

Abstract Background and aims: Effects of alcohol consumption on blood glucose levels is unpredictable and more so with a known type 2 diabetic. Since type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition with impairment of glucose metabolism, influence of excess alcohol consumption in such a derailed metabolism is ought to be investigated. Our aim was to understand the interpolating relationship between the metabolisms of glucose and alcohol, by investigating the biochemical and biophysical changes in plasma and erythrocytes respectively. Methods We performed a clinical study with 20 human subjects wherein non-alcoholics, non-diabetics were considered as controls and the test subjects were categorized as alcoholics, diabetics and alcoholic diabetics. Findings were analysed against the control group. Results Increased plasma AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH enzyme activity; higher levels of nitric oxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) both in plasma and erythrocyte lysate; higher fasting and postprandial glucose, glycated haemoglobin levels (Hb1Ac) levels; elevated levels of erythrocyte membrane total cholesterol / phospholipids (C/P) ratio and altered erythrocyte membrane fluidity in the alcoholic diabetics was noted. Conclusion Alcohol induced oxidative and nitrosative stress during its metabolism and its worsening effects in type II diabetics leading to a failure in the overall metabolic homeostasis is evident from the study.

scholarly journals ‘Vidangadi Lauha’ for Obese Type 2 Diabetes mellitus; Randomized controlled clinical study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punam Khobarkar ◽  
Jayant Gulhane ◽  
Amit Nakanekar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Targeted Treatment ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Controlled Clinical Study

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in obese persons is becoming threatening disease due to increasing prevalence of its microvascular and macro vascular complications. A multi targeted treatment can be considered better over single targeted treatment; in view of multiple pathways involved in pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. This open labelled randomized controlled clinical Study was aimed to evaluate clinical efficacy of ‘Vidangadi Lauha’(An Ayurveda formulation) in comparison with metformin for obese type II diabetes mellitus. Participants were divided into two groups. Trial group received Vidangadi Lauha 5gm BID and control group received tablet metformin 500mg BID for duration of 3 months. Among 550 screened participants 120 participants were eligible, out of them 100 participants were enrolled and randomized by computer generated method, out of them 80 patients (40 in each group) completed the trial. Both the treatments were equally effective in reducing blood sugar fasting(F), post meal(PM) glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1C) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Vidangadi Lauha is more effective in reducing Ayurvedic Symptoms, waist hip ratio and cholesterol as compared to Metformin. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) were improved by minor clinical difference in both the groups. Both the treatment does not have statistically significant effect in reducing Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL).

Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Fujii ◽  
Keiji Kono ◽  
Kentaro Nakai ◽  
Shunsuke Goto ◽  
Hirotaka Komaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in patients with ischemic stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Dogan ◽  
Ucler Kisa ◽  
Ali Kemal Erdemoglu ◽  
Murat Kacmaz ◽  
Osman Caglayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Healthy Control

AbstractBackgroundOxidative and nitrosative stress is well believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. This study aims to evaluate the time course of oxidative and nitrosative stress in ischemic stroke.MethodsIn total, 27 healthy individuals, 22 individuals with high risk of ischemic stroke due to hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and 20 patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized at the Neurology Department of the Kırıkkale University School of Medicine were enrolled in the study. Venous blood was collected at admission (hour 0) and again at hours 24, 48, 72, and 96. Nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidative stress (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured and compared among stroke patients and control groups.ResultsBlood NO was significantly higher in the patient group at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h compared to the healthy and high-risk control groups, and lower at 96 h than at early times within the patient group (p<0.001). MDA was higher in patients than the healthy control group at all times. Conversely, TOS and OSI were significantly lower in the patient group than the healthy control group at 96 h and the high-risk control group at 72 and 96 h (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between initial NO (0 h) and duration of hospitalization (r=0.71; p=0.0003).ConclusionsThese findings suggest a substantial early increase in oxidative and nitrosative stress in ischemic stroke patients during the first 2 days post-admission. However, TOS was lower by days 3–4, likely due to pathological recovery and local/systemic defense systems. The correlation between elevated serum NO during the acute phase of stroke and duration of hospitalization suggests NO as a potentially valuable predictor of ensuing oxidative damage and clinical outcome.

scholarly journals Paeonol Attenuates Methotrexate-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Suppressing TLR4-Induced NF-κB Inflammatory Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulla Y. Al-Taher ◽  
Mohamed A. Morsy ◽  
Rehab A. Rifaai ◽  
Nagwa M. Zenhom ◽  
Seham A. Abdel-Gaber
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Cardiac Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Pathway ◽  
Tlr4 Mrna

Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been proved in the development of MTX toxicity. Paeonol is a natural phenolic compound with various pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of paeonol against MTX-induced cardiac toxicity in rats and to evaluate the various mechanisms that underlie this effect. Paeonol (100 mg/kg) was administered orally for 10 days. MTX cardiac toxicity was induced at the end of the fifth day of the experiment, with or without paeonol pretreatment. MTX-induced cardiac damage is evidenced by a distortion in the normal cardiac histological structure, with significant oxidative and nitrosative stress shown as a significant increase in NADPH oxidase-2, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels along with a decrease in reduced glutathione concentration and superoxide dismutase activity compared to the control group. MTX-induced inflammatory effects are evidenced by the increased cardiac toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression and protein level as well as increased cardiac tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and interleukin- (IL-) 6 levels along with increased nuclear factor- (NF-) κB/p65 immunostaining. MTX increased apoptosis as shown by the upregulation of cardiac caspase 3 immunostaining. Paeonol was able to correct the oxidative and nitrosative stress as well as the inflammatory and apoptotic parameters and restore the normal histological structure compared to MTX alone. In conclusion, paeonol has a protective effect against MTX-induced cardiac toxicity through inhibiting oxidative and nitrosative stress and suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB/TNF-α/IL-6 inflammatory pathway, as well as causing an associated reduction in the proapoptotic marker, caspase 3.

scholarly journals Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 (2–3) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Gesche Frohwitter ◽  
Ornella Lisa Zimmermann ◽  
Kilian Kreutzer ◽  
Christian Doll ◽  
Carsten M. Rendenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Long Term Outcome

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shows a constant increase, while the long-term outcome remains poor over the last decades. Radical oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) – initially released by carcinogens, such as alcohol and tobacco, and later maintained by the tumor microenvironment – appear to be strongly associated to chronic inflammation, tumor induction, progression, and metastatic spread. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in primary OSCC compared to healthy tissue specimens and to identify their impact on tumor carcinogenesis. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> In this basic research study, tissue samples of 30 patients with primary OSCC were evaluated for the expression of pAKT, pERK, 3-NT, NOS1, NOS3, MAPK1, and IP-8 by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR and compared to those of a healthy control group (<i>n</i> = 30). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results showed a significantly increased expression of pAKT (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), pERK (<i>p</i> = 0.01), 3-NT (<i>p</i> = 0.039), NOS1 (<i>p</i> = 0.025), NOS3 (<i>p</i> = 0.046), and MAPK1 (<i>p</i> = 0.032) in OSCC tissue samples compared to healthy controls. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results of this study prove the tested stable degradation products to be suitable for the detection of RONS in OSCC. Moreover, the significantly increased expression underlines the role of RONS in carcinogenesis of OSCC, suggests specific mechanisms of detection, and anticipates supplementary research.

scholarly journals Influence of cardiopulmonary bypass on the erythrocyte membranes and the method of its protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
V.І. Cherniy ◽  
L.O. Sobanska ◽  
P.O. Topolov ◽  
T.V. Сherniy
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Osmotic Resistance Of Erythrocytes

The damage to erythrocytes during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains a recent problem. The aim of this research was to study the effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate on the state of the erythrocyte membrane during CPB and the level of phosphorus in blood as a marker of the energy potential in the cell. Patients were divided into two groups. The control group 1 (Gr 1) consisted of 75 individuals. The group 2 (Gr 2) included patients to whom fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) was administrated according to the developed scheme as follows 10 g of the drug was diluted in 50 ml of a solvent, 5 g of the drug was injected intravenously with the use of perfusor immediately before initiation of CPB at a rate of 10 ml/min and 5 g at the 30th minute of CPB (before the stage of warming) the same way. When comparing two groups the best results in hemolysis (p<0.01), mechanical (p<0.01). osmotic resistance of erythrocytes (p<0.01), the time of acid hemolysis (p<0.01) and the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane in postperfusion period were in Gr 2. Вefore cardiac surgery hypophosphatemia was detected in 18% out of 150 and in 32% out of 150 patients – a lower limit of normal phosphorus content in the blood. After CPB in Gr 1 phosphorus content in blood was 0.85±0.32 mmol/l and hypophosphatemia was in 53% out of 75 patients. This indicates a pronounced energy deficit in this group. In Gr 2 phosphorus level was 1.7±0.31 mmol/l and there was no hypophosphatemia. As a result, FDP as an endogenous high-energy intermediate metabolite of the glycolytic pathway leads to resistance to hemolysis, protects the erythrocyte membrane from damage and increases the energy potential of the cell during CPB.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Vitamin C terhadap Fragilitas Osmotik Eritrosit pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Jember yang Mengalami Stres Psikologis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Zulfahmi Muslim ◽  
Aris Prasetyo ◽  
Septa Surya Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Medical students are constantly getting stress that could lead to oxidative stress where the level of free radicals is higher than the level of antioxidants in the body. Free radicals can bind to erythrocyte membranes and alter membrane structure that lead to the integrity of the erythrocyte membrane resulting in decreased erythrocyte ability in preventing hemolysis. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that could prevent free radicals bond to erythrocyte membrane. Vitamin C works by donating electrons to free radicals and prevent binding to erythrocyte membranes. The purposed of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin C consumption on osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in medical students with psychological stress. This research was clinical trial research with quasi experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. Researchers used Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire to measure the stress level. Data analysis using T test obtained mean of percentage of hemolysis between pretest and posttest was   p= 0,02. It can be concluded that there is significant difference on osmotic fragility due to Vitamin C consumption in medical Student of Jember University with psychological stress.

Oxidative stress in liver and red blood cells in acute lindane toxicity in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 747-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. RadosavljeviĆ ◽  
D. MladenoviĆ ◽  
V. JakovljeviĆ ◽  
D. Vučvić ◽  
A. Rašć-Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Plasma Nitrite

The aim of our study was to determine the role and dynamics of oxidative and nitrosative stress, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity in the hepatocytes and erythrocytes in early phase of acute lindane intoxication. Male Wistar rats were divided into groups: control, dimethylsulfoxide and lindane-treated groups (L, 8 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Animals were sacrificed 0.5 and 4 hours after treatment (L0.5 and L4 groups, respectively). Oxidative and nitrosative stress parameters and antioxidant enzymes were determined spectrophotometrically. Liver and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration were significantly increased 0.5 after lindane administration (p < .01), with subsequent additional rise within 4 hours (p < .01), while plasma nitrite + nitrate level was significantly higher only 4 hours after lindane treatment. Total liver SOD activity was significantly increased in L4 group in comparison with control group (p < .01). In conclusion, oxidative and nitrosative stress play an important role in early phase of acute lindane hepatotoxicity. Antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes is partly increased, due to an adaptive increase in SOD activity.

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