scholarly journals Contrast Enhanced X-Ray Computed Tomography Imaging of Amyloid Plaques in Alzheimer Disease Rat Model on Lab Based Micro CT System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kavkova ◽  
Tomas Zikmund ◽  
Annu Kala ◽  
Jakub Salplachta ◽  
Stephanie Proskauer Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

Abstract Amyloid plaques are small (~50 μm), highly-dense aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in brain tissue, supposed to play a key role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Plaques´ in vivo detection, spatial distribution and quantitative characterization could be an essential marker in diagnostics and evaluation of AD progress. However, current imaging methods in clinics possess substantial limits in sensitivity towards Aβ plaques to play a considerable role in AD screening. Contrast enhanced X-ray micro computed tomography (micro CT) is an emerging highly sensitive imaging technique capable of high resolution visualization of rodent brain. In this study we show the absorption based contrast enhanced X-ray micro CT imaging is viable method for detection and 3D analysis of Aβ plaques in transgenic rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease. Using iodine contrasted brain tissue isolated from the Tg-F344-AD rat model we show the micro CT imaging is capable of precise imaging of Aβ plaques, making possible to further analyze various aspects of their 3D spatial distribution and other properties.

scholarly journals Contrast enhanced X-ray computed tomography imaging of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer disease rat model on lab based micro CT system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kavkova ◽  
Tomas Zikmund ◽  
Annu Kala ◽  
Jakub Salplachta ◽  
Stephanie L. Proskauer Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

AbstractAmyloid plaques are small (~ 50 μm), highly-dense aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in brain tissue, supposed to play a key role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Plaques´ in vivo detection, spatial distribution and quantitative characterization could be an essential marker in diagnostics and evaluation of AD progress. However, current imaging methods in clinics possess substantial limits in sensitivity towards Aβ plaques to play a considerable role in AD screening. Contrast enhanced X-ray micro computed tomography (micro CT) is an emerging highly sensitive imaging technique capable of high resolution visualization of rodent brain. In this study we show the absorption based contrast enhanced X-ray micro CT imaging is viable method for detection and 3D analysis of Aβ plaques in transgenic rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease. Using iodine contrasted brain tissue isolated from the Tg-F344-AD rat model we show the micro CT imaging is capable of precise imaging of Aβ plaques, making possible to further analyze various aspects of their 3D spatial distribution and other properties.

scholarly journals Modelling the skeletal muscle injury recovery using in vivo contrast-enhanced micro-CT: a proof-of-concept study in a rat model

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Paun ◽  
Daniel García Leon ◽  
Alex Claveria Cabello ◽  
Roso Mares Pages ◽  
Elena de la Calle Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Injury ◽  
Monitoring Time ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Injury Recovery

Abstract Background Skeletal muscle injury characterisation during healing supports trauma prognosis. Given the potential interest of computed tomography (CT) in muscle diseases and lack of in vivo CT methodology to image skeletal muscle wound healing, we tracked skeletal muscle injury recovery using in vivo micro-CT in a rat model to obtain a predictive model. Methods Skeletal muscle injury was performed in 23 rats. Twenty animals were sorted into five groups to image lesion recovery at 2, 4, 7, 10, or 14 days after injury using contrast-enhanced micro-CT. Injury volumes were quantified using a semiautomatic image processing, and these values were used to build a prediction model. The remaining 3 rats were imaged at all monitoring time points as validation. Predictions were compared with Bland-Altman analysis. Results Optimal contrast agent dose was found to be 20 mL/kg injected at 400 μL/min. Injury volumes showed a decreasing tendency from day 0 (32.3 ± 12.0mm3, mean ± standard deviation) to day 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14 after injury (19.6 ± 12.6, 11.0 ± 6.7, 8.2 ± 7.7, 5.7 ± 3.9, and 4.5 ± 4.8 mm3, respectively). Groups with single monitoring time point did not yield significant differences with the validation group lesions. Further exponential model training with single follow-up data (R2 = 0.968) to predict injury recovery in the validation cohort gave a predictions root mean squared error of 6.8 ± 5.4 mm3. Further prediction analysis yielded a bias of 2.327. Conclusion Contrast-enhanced CT allowed in vivo tracking of skeletal muscle injury recovery in rat.

scholarly journals Nanoscale synchrotron X-ray speciation of iron and calcium compounds in amyloid plaque cores from Alzheimer's disease subjects

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (25) ◽  
pp. 11782-11796 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Everett ◽  
Joanna F. Collingwood ◽  
Vindy Tjendana-Tjhin ◽  
Jake Brooks ◽  
Frederik Lermyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Imaging ◽  
Calcium Compounds ◽  
Iron And Calcium

Synchrotron soft X-ray nano-imaging and spectromicroscopy reveals iron and calcium biomineralization in Alzheimer's disease amyloid plaques.

scholarly journals (F)utility of computed tomography of the chest in the presence of pleural effusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilak Pathak ◽  
Malvinder S. Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Plain Chest ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

AbstractBackgroundPleural effusion is common and can cause significant morbidity. The chest X-ray is often the initial radiological test, but additional tests may be required to reduce uncertainty and to provide additional diagnostic information. However, additional exposure and unnecessary costs should be prevented. The objective of the study was to assess the clinical benefit of an additional chest computed tomography (CT) scan over plain chest X-ray alone in the management of patients with pleural effusion.MethodsRetrospective analysis in 94 consecutive patients with pleural effusion who underwent chest X-ray and CT scan over an 18-month period in a single institution. All chest X-ray and CT scan reports were compared and correlated with clinical parameters in order to assess their utility in the clinical management. No blinding was applied.ResultsIn 75 chest CT scan reports (80 %), information provided by the radiologist did not change clinical management when compared to plain chest X-ray alone and did not provide any additional information over chest X-ray. Only 2/49 (4 %) of the native chest CT scan reports provided clinically relevant information as compared to 17/45 (38 %) contrast-enhanced chest CT scan reports (p<0.001).ConclusionsIn this retrospective cohort of patients with pleural effusion, an additional chest CT scan was not useful in the majority of patients. However, if a chest CT scan is required, then a contrast-enhanced study after pleural aspiration should be performed. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Gold Exploration in Two and Three Dimensions: Improved and Correlative Insights from Microscopy and X-Ray Computed Tomography

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Joshua Chisambi ◽  
Bjorn von der Heyden ◽  
Muofhe Tshibalanganda ◽  
Stephan Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gold Mineralization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Space ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
2D And 3D

In this contribution, we highlight a correlative approach in which three-dimensional structural/positional data are combined with two dimensional chemical and mineralogical data to understand a complex orogenic gold mineralization system; we use the Kirk Range (southern Malawi) as a case study. Three dimensional structures and semi-quantitative mineral distributions were evaluated using X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) and this was augmented with textural, mineralogical and chemical imaging using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy as well as fire assay. Our results detail the utility of the correlative approach both for quantifying gold concentrations in core samples (which is often nuggety and may thus be misrepresented by quarter- or half-core assays), and for understanding the spatial distribution of gold and associated structures and microstructures in 3D space. This approach overlays complementary datasets from 2D and 3D analytical protocols, thereby allowing a better and more comprehensive understanding on the distribution and structures controlling gold mineralization. Combining 3D XCT analyses with conventional 2D microscopies derive the full value out of a given exploration drilling program and it provides an excellent tool for understanding gold mineralization. Understanding the spatial distribution of gold and associated structures and microstructures in 3D space holds vast potential for exploration practitioners, especially if the correlative approach can be automated and if the resultant spatially-constrained microstructural information can be fed directly into commercially available geological modelling software. The extra layers of information provided by using correlative 2D and 3D microscopies offer an exciting new tool to enhance and optimize mineral exploration workflows, given that modern exploration efforts are targeting increasingly complex and low-grade ore deposits.

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