scholarly journals The effects of naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin on seizure and sedation in acute on chronic tramadol administration: An experimental study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Nakhaee ◽  
Khadijeh Farrokhfall ◽  
Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam ◽  
Mohsen Foadoddini ◽  
Masoumeh Askari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sedation Level ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Neurological Effects

Abstract Background: Tramadol is a widely used synthetic opioid. Substantial research has previously focused on the neurological effects of this drug, while the efficacy of various treatments to reduce the associated side effects has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin on tramadol induced seizure and sedation level in male rats. Methods: The project was performed with 72 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 200-250 g. The rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups. Tramadol was administered intraperitoneally at an initial dose of 25 mg/kg/day. On the 14th day, tramadol was injected at 75 mg/kg, either alone or together with naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin (acute and chronic) in different combinations. The rats were monitored for 6 hours on the last day, and the number, the duration, and the severity of seizures (using the criteria of Racine) were measured at different times. The sedation level was also assessed based on a 4-point criterion, ranging from 0 to 3, at different times after injection. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, multivariate regression, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) tests. The significance level was set at P <0.05.Results: The naloxone-diazepam combination reduced the number of seizures, severity, and duration of seizures compared to the tramadol use alone and reduced the number of higher-intensity seizures to a greater extent than other treatments. Naloxone alone reduced the number and duration of seizures, as well as the duration of mild seizures. Diazepam decreased the severity and duration of seizures. However, it increased the number of mild seizures. In comparison with the tramadol alone group, the acute quercetin group had a lower duration of mild and severe seizures, and higher numbers of mild and moderate seizures. Chronic quercetin administration decreased the duration of seizures and significantly increased the number of mild seizures. Naloxone-Quercetin also reduced the duration of mild and severe seizures significantly. In the GEE model, all groups had higher sedation levels than the saline only group (P <0.001). None of the protocols had a significant effect on sedation levels compared to the other groups.Conclusion: The combined administration of naloxone and diazepam in acute on chronic tramadol poisoning can effectively reduce most seizure variables, compared to the tramadol use alone. However, none of the treatments can improve sedation levels.

scholarly journals The effects of naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin on seizure and sedation in acute on chronic tramadol administration: an experimental study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Nakhaee ◽  
Khadijeh Farrokhfall ◽  
Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam ◽  
Mohsen Foadoddini ◽  
Masoumeh Askari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sedation Level ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 2

Abstract Background Tramadol is a widely used synthetic opioid. Substantial research has previously focused on the neurological effects of this drug, while the efficacy of various treatments to reduce the associated side effects has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin on tramadol overdose-induced seizure and sedation level in male rats. Methods The project was performed with 72 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 200–250 g. The rats were randomly assigned to eight groups. Tramadol was administered intraperitoneally at an initial dose of 25 mg/kg/day. On the 14th day, tramadol was injected at 75 mg/kg, either alone or together with naloxone, diazepam, and quercetin (acute and chronic) individually or in combination. The rats were monitored for 6 h on the last day, and the number, the duration, and the severity of seizures (using the criteria of Racine) were measured over a 6-h observation period. The sedation level was also assessed based on a 4-point criterion, ranging from 0 to 3. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using Kruskal–Wallis, Chi-square, regression analysis, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) tests. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results The naloxone-diazepam combination reduced the number, severity, and cumulative duration of seizures compared to tramadol use alone and reduced the number of higher-intensity seizures (level 3, 4) to a greater extent than other treatments. Naloxone alone reduced the number and duration of seizures but increased the number of mild seizures (level 2). Diazepam decreased the severity and duration of seizures. However, it increased the number of mild seizures (level 2). In comparison with the tramadol alone group, the acute quercetin group exhibited higher numbers of mild (level 2) and moderate (level 3) seizures. Chronic quercetin administration significantly increased the number of mild seizures. In the GEE model, all groups had higher sedation levels than the saline only group (P < 0.001). None of the protocols had a significant effect on sedation levels compared to the tramadol group. Conclusion The combined administration of naloxone and diazepam in acute-on-chronic tramadol poisoning can effectively reduce most seizure variables compared to tramadol use alone. However, none of the treatments improved sedation levels.

scholarly journals Study of Hyperbaric Oxygen Theraphy and Gold sea Cucumber (Stichopus Hermanii) 3% for Collagen Density of Rat’s with Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Porphyromonas Gingivalis Bactery

DENTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Dyah Lestarining R ◽  
Dian Mulawarmanti ◽  
Widyastuti Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Collagen Density ◽  
Ligament Healing

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> Periodontitis is complication of DM in chronic state. Periodontitis susceptibility increase threefold in patient DM compared non-DM. Debridement with SRP alone is less effective in DM</em><em>. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBO) has the effect of increasing insulin sensitivity and synthesis of collagen. Collagen is the largest extracellular matrix supporting periodontal tissue. Stchopus hermanii contains condrotin sulfate serves to inhibit the formation of mixed periodontopatogen bacteri. <strong>Purpose:</strong> To determine the therapeutic effects of  HBO 2,4 ATA 3x3’ interval 5’ 7 days and stichopus hermanii against periodontal ligament collagen density in the healing process of periodontitis with DM. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em><em>The experiment design is factorial design. Rats are inducted with STZ 65 mg/kgBB to make them suffer DM and are inducted with P.gingivalis </em><em>1x10<sup>9</sup>sel/ml for 5 days straight to make them suffer periodontitis</em><em>,</em><em> 20 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. K0 (control group), K1(STZ+P. gingivalis), K2(STZ+P. gingivalis+Stichopus hermanii), K3(STZ+P. gingivalis+HBO), and K4(STZ+P.gingivalis+stichopus hermanii HBO) after treatment on day 52, all groups were sacrificed and done making preparations for the HPA of the mandible bone. <strong>Results:</strong> Data were analyzed using chi-square, Kruskal wallis, and Mann Whitney U with 95% significance level (p = 0.05). increase level of collagen significantly</em> K1<em>(1 ± 0.00)</em> - K2<em>(2±0.00)</em>, dan K1<em>(1 ± 0.00)</em> - K4<em>(2.5 ± 0.289)</em><em>.<strong>Conclution</strong></em><strong><em>:</em></strong><em>Therapy  HBO combination of 2.4 ATA 3 x 30 </em><em>with 5 minutes air breaks for 7 days</em><em> and gel Stichopus hermanii3% effective on the Densityof collagen in the periodontal ligament healing process periodontitis with DM. <br /> <br /> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em>OHB, Stichopus hermanii, periodontitis with DM, collagen</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><strong><em>Correspondence: </em></strong><em>Dian Mulawarmanti, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University,Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya,Phone 031-5945864, Email: </em><a href="mailto:[email protected]"><em>[email protected]</em></a>

scholarly journals Prevalence and Mechanism of Injuries in Male Beach Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Sharifatpour ◽  
Mahdieh Akochakian ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh ◽  
Hamid Abbassi
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Spss Software

Introduction: One of the preventing injuries methods is recognizing common injuries in sports and causative factors of injury. The aims of this study was to investigate the injuries of beach soccer players in terms of prevalence and mechanism. Methods: The present study is a Cross-sectional and descriptive research that was conducted as a field study. Forty players were selected randomly from two teams of the Yazd province in premier country league that took place in 2019. For recording prevalence and mechanism of injuries, the modified injury report form by Fuller et al. (2006) was used. The SPSS software version 25 and  the chi-square test at a significance level P < 0.05 were used for statistical analysis. Results: In total, the most common injuries of beach soccer were in lower extremities (%69.84), and for injury severity, %31.75 were severed injury, and in terms of the type of injuries, the strain was the most of the injuries occurred (%33.33). The amount of injury during the match (%60.26) was higher than the time of training (%39.68). The degree of contact injuries %73.02 was significantly higher than non-contact injuries %26.98 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Most of the injuries in beach soccer are caused by playing bare foot and  lack of shoes and guards on the legs and feet, and then on the knee. Contact of players is one of the main sources of injury in beach soccer, which is likely to be effective in preventing injury by changing training, implementing proper techniques, and improving performance factors by using injuries preventive programs.

scholarly journals The effects of binge-pattern alcohol consumption on orthodontic tooth movement

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Miranda de Araujo ◽  
Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues Johann ◽  
Elisa Souza Camargo ◽  
Orlando Motohiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess tissue changes during orthodontic movement after binge-pattern ethanol 20% exposure.METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 54) were divided into two groups. The control group (CG) received 0.9% saline solution, while the experimental group (EG) received 20% ethanol in 0.9% saline solution (3 g/kg/day). On the 30th day, a force of 25 cN was applied with a nickel-titanium closed coil spring to move the maxillary right first molar mesially. The groups were further divided into three subgroups (2, 14 and 28 days). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and picrosirius were used to assess bone resorption and neoformation, respectively. Data were compared by two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, Games-Howell and chi-square test. Significance level was set at 5%.RESULTS: There was a decrease in the number of osteoclasts in EG at day 28. The percentage of collagen showed no interaction between group and time.CONCLUSION: Binge-pattern 20% ethanol promoted less bone resorption at the end of tooth movement, thereby suggesting delay in tooth movement.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effects of Aloe vera Gel on Cerebellum Istomorphometrical Changes in Diabetic Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady ◽  
Naeem Erfani Majd ◽  
Mohammad Bahrami Tapebur ◽  
Yazdan Mazaheri
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus can lead to histomorphometrical changes in the brain. Recent studies have shown that Aloe vera gel has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, which is independent of glucose-lowering effects. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of A. vera gel on histomorphometrical changes of cerebellum following streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male rats. Methods: A total of 25 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups as follows: (1) the control group received normal saline; (2) A. vera gel group; (3) diabetic group (normal saline); (4) treatment group diabetic rats, which received A. vera; and (5) diabetic rats which received insulin. A single dose of STZ [60 mg/kg; intraperitoneal (IP)] was used for the induction of diabetes in rats. All the treatments were administered daily for eight weeks. Subsequently, histomorphometrical changes were evaluated in the cerebellum of the rats. Results: The results showed that the number of granular and purkinje cells reduced in the cerebellum granulosa region, while the number of glial cells increased in the molecular region of the cerebellum in diabetic rats compared to the control group (P < 0.05). These changes were improved in treated rats by insulin or A. vera. Also, the thickness of molecular, purkinje, granular, and white matter layers at the apex of lobules and depth of sulcus in the diabetic group had a significant reduction compared to other groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results confirmed that improvement of the cerebellar tissue changes in diabetic rats following the use of A. vera gel is comparable to insulin. However, more investigations are required to determine the protective effects of A. vera gel against diabetes-induced cerebellum histomorphometrical changes.

scholarly journals Ethical Aspects concerning Instrument Separation and Perforations during Endodontic Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Raidan Ba-Hattab ◽  
Ishrat Rahman ◽  
Lubna K. Elsayed ◽  
Wejdan F. Alasmari ◽  
Randa Abidia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Dental Professionals ◽  
Instrument Separation

Aim. During endodontic treatment, dentists may face various unwanted procedural accidents, at any stage of the treatment that might compromise endodontic treatment outcome and bring obstacles to dentists as well. This study aimed to address and analyze several ethical concerns relating to the behavioural conduct of dentists towards endodontic instrument separation as well as perforation of the crown and/or root during root canal treatment in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method. Hundred and eleven questionnaires were distributed among dentists working in Riyadh in university clinics and government and private sectors. Data were collected, reviewed, and statistically analyzed by Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests at a 5% significance level, using SPSS software. Results. 54.5% of the respondents have encountered instrument separation. 53.2% stated that they would inform the patient about the instrument separation. 43.6% of the respondents had experienced perforation during root canal treatment, and 54.9% reported that they would inform the patient of the accident. Conclusion. Within the limitation of this survey, we concluded that most of the dental professionals did not hesitate to adhere to the correct ethical conduct, and they would inform the patient if an incident occurred.

scholarly journals Effects of Naloxone and Diazepam on Blood Glucose Levels in Tramadol Overdose using Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) Model; (An Experimental Study)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Nakhaee ◽  
Khadijeh Farrokhfall ◽  
Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam ◽  
Masoumeh Askari ◽  
Alireza Amirabadizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Generalized Estimating

Abstract Background:Tramadol poisoning is increasing around the world day by day. Tramadol is a synthetic opioid. Also, various treatments are applied for tramadol poisoning. Due to the unknown effects of tramadol poisoning and some of its treatments on blood glucose, this study was conducted to investigate the overdose of tramadol and its common treatments (naloxone, diazepam) and their combination on blood glucose in male rats. Methods: This study was conducted in 45 male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into five groups of 9 rats. They received a 75 mg/kg dose of tramadol alone with naloxone, diazepam, and a combination of these two drugs. On the last day, animals' tail vein blood glucose levels (BGL) were measured using a glucometer at different times, including before the tramadol injection (baseline), one hour, three hours, and six hours after the tramadol injection. The rats were anesthetized and sacrificed 24 hours after the last injection. Blood samples were then taken, and the serum obtained was used to verify the fasting glucose concentration. Data were analyzed using SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05 using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a generalized estimating equation (GEE).Results: According to the GEE model results, the diazepam and naloxone-diazepam groups showed blood glucose levels five units higher than the tramadol group (p <0.05). The diazepam group had significantly higher blood glucose levels than the naloxone group (p <0.05). The mean blood glucose levels before the intervention, three hours and six hours after the injection of tramadol did not differ between the groups, but the blood glucose levels one hour after the injection of tramadol in the group of naloxone were significantly lower than in the control group (p <0.05). Blood glucose levels did not differ between the groups 24 hours after injection of tramadol.Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that tramadol overdose does not affect blood glucose levels. Diazepam alone and in combination with naloxone caused an increase in blood glucose levels in the tramadol overdose.

scholarly journals Effect of Tranylcypromine on Spermatogenesis in Adult Male Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Gholamzadeh ◽  
◽  
Mehrdad Shariati ◽  
Davood Moghadamnia ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Spss Software

Background: Tranylcypromine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. It inhibits the breakdown of dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine and other monoamines. The aim of this study was to investigate the adverse effects of trarylcypromine on the spermatogenesis in adult male rats. Methods: In this study, 50 adults male Wistar rats, weighing 200-250g, were used and divided into 5 groups of 10. Control group that was not given the treatment; the sham group received normal saline as a solvent and the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 received 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg of trarylcypromine orally for 21 days. At the end of the trial period, the testes of rats were removed, tissue sections were prepared, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the histological features were examined under light microscopy. The statistical analyses performed were ANOVA and Tukey tests, using SPSS software, version 19. Results: The results demonstrated that the number of spermatogonials, primary spermatocytes, spermatids and Leydig cells in the experimental groups 2 and 3 receiving tranylcypromine significantly decreased compared to those in the control group. However, the number of Sertoli cells in the experimental groups did not change significantly at any dose of the drug compared to those in the control group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Tranylcypromine reduced spermatogenesis and the respective indices in rat testicular tissues.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Protective Effects of Propofol on Cisplatin-Induced Oxidative Damage in Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Sajjad Makhdoomi ◽  
Akram Oftade ◽  
Sodabe Khodabandehlou ◽  
Akram Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Protected Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Pulmonary Damage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of propofol against cisplatin-induced pulmonary toxicity in rats. Methods: A total of 20 male Wistar rats weighing 180-250 g were divided into four groups of control, the cisplatin-intoxicated group intraperitoneally (IP) injected with cisplatin (7 mg/kg/d for a week), the propofol group (10 mg/kg/d, IP), and the protected group receiving propofol (10 mg/kg/d, IP) poisoned by cisplatin. Then, the biomarkers of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) activity, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured in homogeneous lung tissues. Results: The data revealed the evidence of oxidative stress in the lung tissue of cisplatin-intoxicated rats as indicated by an increase in the level of LPO compared with propofol and protected groups (P<0.05). Moreover, TAC decreased in the cisplatin group while it increased in the propofol group compared to cisplatin and protected groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups regarding CAT (P>0.05). Protection with propofol ameliorated the oxidative stress induced by cisplatin in the lung tissue because of the reduction of LPO. Conclusion: According to these results, it seems that propofol provides a remarkable protection against cisplatin-induced oxidative pulmonary damage mediated by its antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Effects of naloxone and diazepam on blood glucose levels in tramadol overdose using generalized estimating equation (GEE) model; (an experimental study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Nakhaee ◽  
Khadijeh Farrokhfall ◽  
Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam ◽  
Masoumeh Askari ◽  
Alireza Amirabadizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Generalized Estimating

Abstract Background Tramadol is a synthetic opioid and poisoning is increasing around the world day by day. Various treatments are applied for tramadol poisoning. Due to the unknown effects of tramadol poisoning and some of its treatments on blood glucose levels, this study was conducted to investigate the overdose of tramadol and its common treatments (naloxone, diazepam), and their combination on blood glucose levels in male rats. Methods This study was conducted in 45 male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into five groups of 9. They received a 75 mg/kg dose of tramadol alone with naloxone, diazepam, and a combination of both of these two drugs. On the last day, animals’ tail vein blood glucose levels (BGL) were measured using a glucometer at different times, including before the tramadol injection (baseline) and 1 hour, 3 hours, and 6 hours after wards. The rats were anesthetized and sacrificed 24 h after the last injection. Blood samples were then taken, and the serum obtained was used to verify the fasting glucose concentration. Data were analyzed using SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05 using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a generalized estimating equation (GEE). Results According to the GEE model results, the diazepam-tramadol and naloxone-diazepam-tramadol groups showed blood glucose levels five units higher than the tramadol group (p < 0.05). The diazepam-tramadol group had significantly higher blood glucose levels than the naloxone-tramadol group (p < 0.05). The mean blood glucose levels before the intervention, 3 hours and 6 hours after the injection of tramadol did not differ between the groups, but the blood glucose levels 1 hour after the injection of tramadol in the group of naloxone-tramadol were significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). Blood glucose levels did not differ between the groups 24 h after injection of tramadol. Conclusion The results of the present study showed tramadol overdose does not affect blood glucose levels. The diazepam-tramadol combination and the diazepam-naloxone-tramadol combination caused an increase in blood glucose levels.

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