scholarly journals An Individual Alginate Lyase is Effective in the Disruption of Laminaria Digitata Recalcitrant Cell Wall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Costa ◽  
Luís Pio ◽  
Pedro Bule ◽  
Vânia Cardoso ◽  
Cristina Alfaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Alginate Lyase ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Calcofluor White ◽  
Polysaccharide Lyases ◽  
Nutritional Compounds

Abstract In the present study, 199 pre-selected Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes) and sulfatases were assessed, either alone or in combination, to evaluate their capacity to disrupt Laminaria digitata cell wall, with the consequent release of interesting nutritional compounds. An individual alginate lyase, belonging to the family 7 of polysaccharide lyases (PL7), was shown to be the most efficient in the in vitro degradation of L. digitata cell wall. The alginate lyase treatment, compared to the control, released up to 7.11 g/L of reducing sugars (p < 0.001) and 8.59 mmol/100 g dried alga of monosaccharides (p < 0.001), and reduced cell wall fluorescence intensity by 39.1% after staining with Calcofluor White (p = 0.001). The alginate lyase treatment also released beneficial monounsaturated fatty acids, particularly 18:1c9 (p < 0.001), and decreased the release of saturated fatty acids (p = 0.001). However, no liberation of proteins (p > 0.170) or pigments (p > 0.070) was observed. Overall, these results show the ability of an individual alginate lyase, from PL7 family, to partially degrade L. digitata cell wall under physiological conditions. Therefore, this CAZyme can potentially improve the bioavailability of L. digitata bioactive compounds for monogastric diets, with further application in feed industry.

scholarly journals Dedifferentiation of Primary Hepatocytes is Accompanied with Reorganization of Lipid Metabolism Indicated by Altered Molecular Lipid and miRNA Profiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Kiamehr ◽  
Laura Heiskanen ◽  
Thomas Laufer ◽  
Aneta Düsterloh ◽  
Mustafa Kahraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Typical Morphology ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme

Aim: Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) undergo dedifferentiation upon the two-dimensional (2D) culture, which particularly hinders their utility in long-term in vitro studies. Lipids, as a major class of biomolecules, play crucial roles in cellular energy storage, structure, and signaling. Here, for the first time, we mapped the alterations in the lipid profile of the dedifferentiating PHHs and studied the possible role of lipids in the loss of the phenotype of PHHs. Simultaneously, differentially expressed miRNAs associated with changes in the lipids and fatty acids (FAs) of the dedifferentiating PHHs were investigated. Methods: PHHs were cultured in monolayer and their phenotype was monitored morphologically, genetically, and biochemically for five days. The lipid and miRNA profile of the PHHs were analyzed by mass spectrometry and Agilent microarray, respectively. In addition, 24 key genes involved in the metabolism of lipids and FAs were investigated by qPCR. Results: The typical morphology of PHHs was lost from day 3 onward. Additionally, ALB and CYP genes were downregulated in the cultured PHHs. Lipidomics revealed a clear increase in the saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) containing lipids, but a decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) containing lipids during the dedifferentiation of PHHs. In line with this, FASN, SCD, ELOVL1, ELOVL3, and ELOVL7 were upregulated but ELOVL2 was downregulated in the dedifferentiated PHHs. Furthermore, differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, and the constantly upregulated miR-27a and miR-21, and downregulated miR-30 may have regulated the synthesis, accumulation and secretion of PHH lipids during the dedifferentiation. Conclusion: Our results showed major alterations in the molecular lipid species profiles, lipid-metabolizing enzyme expression as wells as miRNA profiles of the PHHs during their prolonged culture, which in concert could play important roles in the PHHs’ loss of phenotype. These findings promote the understanding from the dedifferentiation process and could help in developing optimal culture conditions, which better meet the needs of the PHHs and support their original phenotype.

scholarly journals The Potential of a Brown Microalga Cultivated in High Salt Medium for the Production of High-Value Compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saoussan Boukhris ◽  
Khaled Athmouni ◽  
Ibtissem Hamza-Mnif ◽  
Rayda Siala-Elleuch ◽  
Habib Ayadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Reducing Power Assay ◽  
Dried Extract

Amphora sp. was isolated from the Sfax Solar Saltern and cultivated under hypersaline conditions. It contains moderate rates of proteins, lipids, sugars, and minerals and a prominent content of bioactive compounds: polyphenols, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and fatty acids. The analysis of fatty acids with GC/MS showed that the C16 series accounted for about 75% of Amphora sp. lipids. Saturated fatty acids whose palmitic acid was the most important (27.41%) represented 41.31%. Amphora sp. was found to be rich in monounsaturated fatty acids with dominance of palmitoleic acid. It also contains a significant percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids with a high amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (2.36%). Among the various solvents used, ethanol at 80% extracted the highest amounts of phenols and flavonoids that were 38.27 mg gallic acid equivalent and 17.69 mg catechin equivalent g−1 of dried extract, respectively. Using various in vitro assays including DPPH and ABTS radicals methods, reducing power assay, and β-carotene bleaching assay, the 80% ethanolic extract showed high antioxidant activity. A strong antibacterial activity was checked against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica). These results are in favor of Amphora sp. valorization in aquaculture and food and pharmaceutical industries.

220 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOLLICULAR FLUID METABOLOME AND BOVINE OOCYTE DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
S. Matoba ◽  
K. Bender ◽  
L. Brennan ◽  
P. Lonergan ◽  
T. Fair
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Developmental Competence

The follicle is a unique microenvironment within which the oocyte can develop and mature to a fertilizable gamete. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of the intrafollicular metabolomic profile on the ability of immature bovine oocytes to develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro. Individual follicles were dissected from the ovaries of slaughtered animals. Following measurement of diameter (5 to 8 mm), follicles were carefully ruptured under a stereomicroscope and the oocyte was recovered and individually processed through maturation, fertilization, and culture on the cell adhesive Cell-Tak (20 oocytes/100 μL; Matoba et al. 2010 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 22, 839–851). Cleavage and blastocyst rates were assessed on Day 2 and Day 9, respectively. Follicular fluid was recovered and stored at –80°C until metabolomic analysis. Only samples that cleaved and developed to the blastocyst stage (n = 10) or that cleaved and subsequently degenerated (n = 10) were analysed. Aqueous and organic compounds were isolated and profiled separately using an Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph coupled with a 5975C mass spectrometer (Agilent, Palo Alto, CA). Both aqueous and organic data sets were divided into compounds identified and quantified using external standards and compounds semiquantified relative to the internal standard only. The percentage of oocytes that cleaved after IVF was 79.1% and the percentage that developed to the blastocyst stage was 28.3%. A total of 55 aqueous compounds were analysed, of which 19 were quantified and 36 were semiquantified. Principal component analysis of the quantified data showed separation between oocytes that formed blastocysts and oocytes that degenerated (R2 = 0.561). Further analysis using partial least squares–discriminant analysis generated a robust model that could predict which oocytes would form blastocysts (R2X = 0.552; R2Y = 0.874; Q2 = 0.722). Analysis of variance of the data confirmed a positive correlation of L-alanine, glycine, and L-glutamate with blastocyst formation. A total of 16 fatty acids were identified and quantified, and the total saturated fatty acids, total monounsaturated fatty acids, total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA contents were determined. Analysis of variance of the fatty acid data showed that follicular fluid from competent oocytes was significantly lower in palmitic acid (P = 0.023) and total saturated fatty acids (P = 0.031) than in follicular fluid from degenerate oocytes. No differences in total monounsaturated fatty acids, total PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and n-6 PUFA were found between blastocysts and oocytes that degenerated. In conclusion, our data suggest that aqueous and organic compounds in follicular fluid may be predictive of oocyte developmental outcome in an in vitro embryo production system. Supported by Science Foundation Ireland (07/SRC/B1156).

scholarly journals Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L. subsp. macranthus Wettst.: Nutritional Characterization

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Silva ◽  
Ângela Fernandes ◽  
Pablo A. García ◽  
Lillian Barros ◽  
Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Palmitic Acids

The habit of eating wild plants in Europe is often associated with times of famine; an example of such is the nectar of Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L., a parasitic plant. To the authors’ best knowledge, there are no studies on its nutritional and chemical composition; thus, the whole C. hypocistis (L.) L. subsp. macranthus Wettst. plant (CH) and its nectar (NCH) were nutritionally and chemically characterized. The proximate composition of CH and NCH were very similar in terms of energy, ash, and carbohydrate content. Protein and fat were approximately 2-fold higher in NCH, and crude fiber was 4.6-fold higher in CH compared to NCH. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, and trehalose were the free sugars present in both samples. Oxalic, malic, and citric acids were the identified organic acids in both samples, with citric acid as the most abundant molecule. For both samples, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids (PUFA and SFA, respectively) predominate over monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) due to the significant contribution of linoleic and palmitic acids, respectively. However, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) prevail over SFA in CH and NCH. Therefore, CH proved to be an excellent source of nutritional compounds, which supports its use during past periods of scarcity.

scholarly journals Lipid-Overloaded Enlarged Adipocytes Provoke Insulin Resistance Independent of Inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1686-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong In Kim ◽  
Jin Young Huh ◽  
Jee Hyung Sohn ◽  
Sung Sik Choe ◽  
Yun Sok Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Proinflammatory Responses ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy

In obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy and proinflammatory responses are closely associated with the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue. However, it is largely unknown whether adipocyte hypertrophyper semight be sufficient to provoke insulin resistance in obese adipose tissue. Here, we demonstrate that lipid-overloaded hypertrophic adipocytes are insulin resistant independent of adipocyte inflammation. Treatment with saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids resulted in adipocyte hypertrophy, but proinflammatory responses were observed only in adipocytes treated with saturated fatty acids. Regardless of adipocyte inflammation, hypertrophic adipocytes with large and unilocular lipid droplets exhibited impaired insulin-dependent glucose uptake, associated with defects in GLUT4 trafficking to the plasma membrane. Moreover, Toll-like receptor 4 mutant mice (C3H/HeJ) with high-fat-diet-induced obesity were not protected against insulin resistance, although they were resistant to adipose tissue inflammation. Together, ourin vitroandin vivodata suggest that adipocyte hypertrophy alone may be crucial in causing insulin resistance in obesity.

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

COVID-19: Opinion in Prevention and dietary based management hypothesis

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Talaat Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Antiviral Activities

The pandemic of COVID-19 had started in Wuhan city china in late 2019 with a subsequent worldwide spread. The viral infection can seriousely affect multiple organs mainly lungs, kidneys, heart, liver and brain and may lead to respiratory, renal, cardiac or hepatic failure.Vascular thrombosis of unexplained mechanism that may lead to widespread blood clots in multiple organs and cytokine storms that result of overstimulation of the immune system subsequent of lung damage may lead to sudden decompensation due to hypotension and more damage to liver, kidney, brain or lungs.Until now no drug had proved efficient in getting rid of the problem and controlling the pandemic mainly depends on preventive measures.Many preventive measures can be considered to prevent the worldwide spread of viral transmission. Polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids (PUFAs) and the medium chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFAs) and their corresponding monoglycerides had high antiviral activities against the enveloped viruses which reach to more than 10,000 -fold reduction in the viral titres in vitro and in vivo after testing of its gastric aspirate, and can contribute to the systemic immunity against the enveloped viruses.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids inhibit ACE2-controlled SARS-CoV-2 binding and cellular entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Goc ◽  
Aleksandra Niedzwiecki ◽  
Matthias Rath
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Lipid Compounds

AbstractThe strain SARS-CoV-2, newly emerged in late 2019, has been identified as the cause of COVID-19 and the pandemic declared by WHO in early 2020. Although lipids have been shown to possess antiviral efficacy, little is currently known about lipid compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding and entry properties. To address this issue, we screened, overall, 17 polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids, as wells as lipid-soluble vitamins. In performing target-based ligand screening utilizing the RBD-SARS-CoV-2 sequence, we observed that polyunsaturated fatty acids most effectively interfere with binding to hACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Using a spike protein pseudo-virus, we also found that linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid significantly block the entry of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, eicosapentaenoic acid showed higher efficacy than linolenic acid in reducing activity of TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L proteases, but neither of the fatty acids affected their expression at the protein level. Also, neither reduction of hACE2 activity nor binding to the hACE2 receptor upon treatment with these two fatty acids was observed. Although further in vivo experiments are warranted to validate the current findings, our study provides a new insight into the role of lipids as antiviral compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 strain.

scholarly journals Differential Deleterious Impact of Highly Saturated Versus Monounsaturated Fat Intake on Vascular Function, Structure, and Mechanics in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Elena Vega-Martín ◽  
Marta Gil-Ortega ◽  
Raquel González-Blázquez ◽  
Sara Benedito ◽  
Jesús Fernández-Felipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The Impact

Vegetable oils such as palm oil (enriched in saturated fatty acids, SFA) and high-oleic-acid sunflower oil (HOSO, containing mainly monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA) have emerged as the most common replacements for trans-fats in the food industry. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of SFA and MUFA-enriched high-fat (HF) diets on endothelial function, vascular remodeling, and arterial stiffness compared to commercial HF diets. Five-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (SD), a HF diet enriched with SFA (saturated oil-enriched Food, SOLF), a HF diet enriched with MUFA (unsaturated oil-enriched Food, UOLF), or a commercial HF diet for 8 weeks. Vascular function was analyzed in the thoracic aorta. Structural and mechanical parameters were assessed in mesenteric arteries by pressure myography. SOLF, UOLF, and HF diet reduced contractile responses to phenylephrine and induced endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta. A significant increase in the β-index, and thus in arterial stiffness, was also detected in mesenteric arteries from the three HF groups, due to enhanced deposition of collagen in the vascular wall. SOLF also induced hypotrophic inward remodeling. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a deleterious effect of HF feeding on obesity-related vascular alterations that is exacerbated by SFA.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Egyptian Citrus Beebread

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2433
Author(s):  
Nesren Elsayed ◽  
Hatem Sharaf El-Din ◽  
Ammar B. Altemimi ◽  
Hanaa Y. Ahmed ◽  
Anubhav Pratap-Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Anticancer Activities

In this study, Egyptian beebread (EBB) was investigated for its nutritive value, chemical composition, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Results indicated that EBB was a good source of protein (23.58 ± 0.183 g/100 g BB), total free sugar (20.266 ± 0.930) and potassium (290.202 ± 2.645 mg/100 g). Additionally, 14 fatty acids were identified in EBB, wherein polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids represented 51.06% ± 0.09% and 9.86% ± 0.01%, respectively. The EBB extract exhibited almost 400% better antiradical activity than BHT, with IC50 of EBB extract being 10.7 µg/mL compared to 39.5 µg/mL for BHT. EBB exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the reference compound against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, followed by Bacillus subtilis. No inhibitory activity was observed against Aspergillus Niger. Additionally, the highest inhibitory activity was recorded against Caco-2 cells, followed by PC3 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values 262, 314 and 386 μg/mL, respectively. These findings establish the potential of EBB as an antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor agent, with possible applications as natural food supplements and natural preservatives.

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