Epidemiological characterization of Leishmaniasis in the rural area of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Abstract Background: Leishmaniasis, zoonotic diseases, are in the top ten list of tropical neglected disease globally. The number of contaminated dogs in South America is estimated in millions of animals and correlated to the human’s cases, especially in Brazil. Equines became infected too and can play a role in the epidemiological chain. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate risk factors to leishmaniasis in rural areas of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil by Leishmania sp. protozoa molecular detection and serological evaluation (ELISA) in equine and canine blood samples. Methods: This work included nine farms around the city of Uruguaiana. It was collected epidemiologic information regarding farm characteristics and biologic material collection of canine and equine, totalizing 113 samples. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect Leishmania spp. in biological samples. Variables related to the farm were collected and evaluated through descriptive analysis followed by chi-square test and a logistic regression analysis.Results: Nineteen positive samples (19/113 – 16,81%) were detected, being 18 equines and 1 canine, in six of the nine farms included in the study. No animal showed clinical signs of the disease. According to the variables analyzed, when compared each characteristic separately, the presence of abundant vegetation and poor hygiene demonstrated to be risk factors to Leishmania infection in rural areas. The logistic regression showed that excellent general hygiene, proximity to the weir and trimmed grass were protective factors (p=0.038, p=0.001 and p=0.014, respectively). Having excellent hygiene represents a 70% lower chance of getting contaminated, keeping the grass cut protects the animal by more than 90% and the proximity of the weir represents a protective factor of 96%.Conclusions: The presence of leishmaniasis in the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul was 16,81% and it was influence by farm characteristics. The role of the excellent general hygiene as a protective factor is extremally relevant in the leishmaniosis prevention.

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Identification and characterization of pestiviruses isolated from individual fetal bovine serum samples originated in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6514 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 368-373

Author(s):

Ingryd Merchioratto ◽

Francielle L. Monteiro ◽

Carolina K. Traesel ◽

Eduardo F. Flores ◽

Rudi Weiblen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Control Measures ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Antigenic Variability ◽

Bovine Fetuses ◽

Western Border ◽

Cattle Herds

ABSTRACT: The identification of diversity of bovine pestiviruses circulating in the field is fundamental for continuous evaluation of diagnostic tests and vaccine composition. In this article we performed the genetic and antigenic characterization of twelve bovine pestiviruses isolated in the western region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The viruses were isolated from sera of bovine fetuses or from animals with clinical presentations suggestive of pestivirus infection. Genetic characterization by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 5’UTR region of the viral genome allowed for the identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1a, 4/12, 33.3%), BVDV-1b (6/12, 50%) and BVDV-2 (2/12, 16.7%). The reactivity of the isolates with a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against envelope proteins (Erns, E1 and E2) demonstrated a high antigenic variability among isolates. Thus, the active circulation of bovine pestivirus infection, with high genetic and antigenic variability, in cattle on the western border of RS was confirmed, demonstrating the importance of continuous characterization of the pestiviruses circulating in the cattle herds to keep the diagnostic and control measures up to date.

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Risk and protective factors of Leishmaniasis in the rural area of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-03021-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gabriela Döwich Pradella ◽

Claudia Acosta Duarte ◽

Taiane Acunha Escobar ◽

Luísa Zuravski ◽

Geórgia Camargo Góss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Border Region ◽

Neglected Diseases ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Western Border

Abstract Background The Leishmaniases are on the top of the global list of tropical neglected diseases. The number of infected dogs in South America is estimated in millions and correlated to disease cases in humans, especially in Brazil. Equines may get infected too and can play a role in the epidemiological chain. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate risk and protective factors of leishmaniasis in rural areas of the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil by Leishmania spp. protozoa molecular detection and serological evaluation (ELISA) in equine and canine blood samples. This work included nine farms around the city of Uruguaiana. Epidemiologic information regarding farm characteristics and biologic material collection of canine (22) and equine (91), totalizing 113 samples was collected. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect Leishmania spp. in biological samples. Variables related to the farm were collected and evaluated through descriptive analysis followed by chi-square test and a logistic regression analysis. Results Nineteen positive samples (19/113 – 16,81%) were detected, being 18 equines and 1 canine, in six of the nine farms included in the study. No animal showed clinical signs of the disease. According to the variables analyzed, when compared each characteristic separately, the presence of abundant vegetation and poor hygiene demonstrated to be risk factors to Leishmania infection in rural areas. The logistic regression showed that excellent general hygiene, proximity to the weir and trimmed grass were protective factors (p=0.038, p=0.001 and p=0.014, respectively). Having excellent hygiene represents a 70% lower chance of getting infected, keeping the grass cut protects the animal by more than 90% and the proximity of the weir represents a protective factor of 96%. Conclusions The presence of Leishmania infection in the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul was 16,81% and it was influenced by farm characteristics. The role of the excellent general hygiene as a protective factor is extremely relevant in the leishmaniases prevention.

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Toxoplasma gondii genotyping from free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in a rural area of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-11732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 1339-1345

Author(s):

G. Camillo ◽

M.E.A. Machado ◽

G.C. Cadore ◽

P. Bräunig ◽

M.C. Venturini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Area ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Heart Tissue ◽

Mouse Bioassay ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Free Range ◽

Genotypic Characterization ◽

Digestion Technique

ABSTRACT Free-range chickens may ingest oocysts of T. gondii present in the environment and consequently harbor virulent strains of this parasite in different tissues, without any clinical signs. Isolation of T. gondii through bioassays on mice and cats from naturally infected chicken tissues has been described in several countries, demonstrating the importance of free-range chickens in the transmission of this parasite. The aim of this study was the genotypic characterization of T. gondii isolates obtained from naturally infected free-range chickens in a rural area of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Brain and heart tissue from 12 chickens seropositive for T. gondii were processed using peptic digestion technique for parasite isolation. From 12 samples subjected to mouse bioassay, nine isolates were obtained. RFLP-PCR genotypic characterization was performed using 11 genetic markers: SAG1, 5'-3'SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico. Genetic characterization of the isolates revealed the presence of five atypical genotypes according to ToxoDB (# 11, # 55, # 64, # 140 and # 163). Our results showed a wide genetic diversity of T. gondii in free-range chickens in this region.

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New records of the occurrence of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species in rural area of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, in the South of Brazil

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ◽

10.1007/s42690-021-00708-z ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Julia Somavilla Lignon ◽

Emanuelle de Souza Farias ◽

Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa ◽

Eduarda Maria Trentin Santi ◽

Lucas Alexandre Farias de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Area ◽

New Records ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

The South ◽

Biting Midges ◽

South Of Brazil ◽

Santa Maria

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CONHECENDO A PESCA ARTESANAL EM TRAMANDAÍ E IMBÉ – RS: DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL E DESAFIOS

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x24320 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 341

Author(s):

Abraão Martins Terceiro

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Economic Importance ◽

The State ◽

Artisanal Fisheries ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Popular Knowledge

The work deals with the theme artisanal fisheries and has as main objective, the characterization of the activity in the municipalities of Tramandaí and Imbé, located in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, the spatial distribution and the challenges to occur fisheries in this region. The research is justified by the large number of fishermen in the study area and the economic importance of the activity, mapping through popular knowledge areas of greatest value for fishing, the main existing species and the main features and instruments used in fish capture.

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The meaning of care for operating room nursing

Rev Rene ◽

10.15253/2175-6783.2015000100007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cléton Salbego ◽

Carla Da Silveira Dornelles ◽

Patrícia Bitencourt Toscani Greco ◽

Vania Marta Pradebon ◽

Gabriela Fávero Alberti

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Technical Aspects ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

Western Border ◽

Emotional Aspects ◽

Room Nursing ◽

Operating Room Nursing

Objective: to understand the meaning of care for nursing technicians who work in the Surgical Center of a general hospitalin the western border of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. Methods: this is a qualitative research, with an exploratory and descriptiveapproach. The technique used for data collection was a semi-structured interview and notes from the field diary wereavailable for support. The respondents were eight nursing technicians of the Surgical Center. Results: it can be emphasizedthat participants value psychological, social and affective aspects of patients and their families, also expressing a holisticview in regards to caring for themselves or others. Conclusion: in the referred unit, care is an activity involving multipleaspects, patients, families and staff. The meanings valued by professionals reveal detachment from technical aspects to valuepsychological, social and emotional aspects of care.

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LOGÍSTICA REVERSA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM EMPRESAS DO SETOR MADEIREIRO NA FRONTEIRA OESTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL – RS

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x21898 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 920

Author(s):

Caroline Dutra Ochôa ◽

Andressa Rocha Lhamby

Keyword(s):

Reverse Logistics ◽

National Policy ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Raw Material ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Timber Industry ◽

Ignorance Of Law ◽

Western Border ◽

Business Competitiveness

Reverse logistics makes possible the return of waste from the timber industry to the production cycle. Waste management of the raw material wood is a necessity for most municipalities in the western border of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), may by his absence or inadequacy promote environmental degradation through the natural resource waste. This paper seeks to expand knowledge on the state of reverse logistics of the timber industry products in two municipalities of the western border of Rio Grande do Sul. With respect to methodology, we used a case study, characterized by descriptive and exploratory nature. The data collection techniques were through questionnaires answered by the managers of companies in the cities of Bagé and Sao Gabriel. The main results were analyzed companies have total ignorance of Law No. 12,305 which established the National Policy on Solid Waste and the main use of such wood waste, wood shavings and sawdust are like. The study shows that the greatest difficulty is the lack of responsible and / or owners of companies with respect to the reverse logistics. Reverse logistics is able to make a revaluation of post-consumer waste, increasing business competitiveness and reducing the amount of waste.

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Practices of sexual education: an analysis in municipal schools in the south of Brazil

Education Policy Analysis Archives ◽

10.14507/epaa.v19n14.2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Denise Regina Quaresma da Silva ◽

Oscar Ulloa Guerra

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Sexual Education ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

The South ◽

Municipal Schools ◽

South Of Brazil

This article approaches a characterization of the practices of sexual education in educative institutions in Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where the precocious gestations have a significative extension. We rescued some theoretical contributions to understand the sexual education, specifically from the pos-structuralism, and from current researches about this topic. Besides, we show qualitative results from the interviews with directives and teachers of the fifty six schools of the municipality.

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