scholarly journals Effectiveness of the toxin-degrading strain screening strategy: Deficiency and improvement in screening the gossypol-degrading microorganism Aspergillus niger

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Gangqin Shu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Daojie Li ◽  
Yuan Xü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Free Gossypol ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Gossypol Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Gossypol ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Free Gossypol Content ◽  
Degrading Microorganism

Abstract The effectiveness of the classic screening strategy was verified, by duplicating and verifying the degradation of gossypol by the Aspergillus niger. It can reduce the free gossypol content through biosorption but has no effect on the total gossypol content and cannot effectively degrade gossypol. And the most interesting thing we found the strain can secrete agarase, utilise agar as carbon source. In this case, that will mislead researchers and lead them to make wrong judgments. That turns out the usual methods of previous screening strategies are not rigorous enough, the classic screening method has defect in screening toxin-degrading strain, so agar control group should be added. In this study, some suggestions are put forward to optimise the same type of experiments and broaden the idea of detoxification by microorganisms and provide reference for screening effective toxin-degrading microorganisms.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the toxin-degrading strain screening strategy: Deficiency and improvement in screening the gossypol-degrading microorganism Aspergillus niger

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Gangqin Shu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Daojie Li ◽  
Yuan Xü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plant Toxin ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Typical Food

Abstract Background The gossypol, as an antinutritional factor or natural plant toxin, has antifertility effects on humans and animals, exists in cottonseed oil and meal, and is a typical food or feed contaminant. It is the classic screening method to using acetate gossypol as the sole carbon sources to prepare selective medium and screening gossypol-degrading microorganisms. By the classic screening strategy, many researchers have discovered that some microorganisms, and Aspergillus niger is the most reported microorganism. A strain of A. niger which can grow in an agar solid medium with gossypol as the sole carbon source is isolated from cattle rumen liquid was obtained by classic screening strategy. The effectiveness of the classic screening strategy was verified, by duplicating and verifying the degradation of gossypol by the A. niger. Results the A. niger can reduce the free gossypol (FG) content through biosorption but has no effect on the total gossypol (TG) content. And it can secrete agarase, utilise agar as carbon source. Conclusions The A. niger can secrete agarase, but cannot effectively degrade gossypol, In this case, it will mislead researchers and lead them to make wrong judgments. The usual methods of previous screening strategies are not rigorous enough, the classic screening method has defect in screening toxin-degrading strain, so agar control group should be added.

scholarly journals Meat characteristics of cattle fed diets containing whole cottonseed

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1076
Author(s):  
V.S. Gomes ◽  
S.B. Mano ◽  
M.Q. Freitas ◽  
M.D. Santos ◽  
C.A. Conte Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Gossypol ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Gossypol Content ◽  
Meat Color ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Free Gossypol Content ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
Sensory Impression

ABSTRACT Sensory and instrumental analyses evaluated the meat and fat characteristics of feedlot-finished steers fed a diet containing cottonseed. Global impression, texture, meat color, and fat color were assessed. Thirty Nellore bulls with an average age of 30 ± 6 months and initial body weight of 382.7 ± 28.4kg were kept in feedlot stalls and fed the following cottonseed levels: 0; 2.22 %; 4.44 %; 6.66 %; 8.88 %; 11.11 % of the dietary dry matter. The cottonseed used in this experiment had an average free gossypol content of 4.5g/kg of cottonseed. The overall impression of the samples, assessed by the triangle test for difference, did not differ for more than 62 % of the panelists (P>0.01). The shear strength of roasted meat varied from 6.00 to 6.54kg. According to texture profile analysis (TPA), the hardness, springiness, and chewiness of roast meat ranged from 24.15 to 28.01 N, 0.52 to 0.56, 8.42 to 11.01 N, respectively; of raw meat, 9.51 to 13.86 N, 0.26 to 0.29, and 1.38 to 1.81 N, respectively. The different treatments did not affect meat texture, meat color, or fat color (P>0.05). Meat color, luminosity, and red intensity ranged from 37.71 to 42.85, 20.68 to 25.25, and 6.74 to 8.61, respectively; fat color, luminosity, and yellow intensity ranged from 62.26 to 63.78, 11.13 to 11.62, and 10.53 to 10.86, respectively. Cottonseed intake of up to 1.13kg/animal/day, equivalent to a free gossypol intake of 5.05g/animal/day, in place of soybean meal and ground corn, did not significantly change the global sensory impression, texture, and color of the meat and fat.

scholarly journals Gossypol content of cotton free commercial feed for dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ricci ◽  
Giorgia Canestrari ◽  
Valentina Pizzamiglio ◽  
Alberto Biancardi ◽  
Giuseppe Merialdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Free Gossypol ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gossypol Content ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Free Gossypol Content ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Not At Risk

Gossypol is a yellow pigment occurring in all parts of cotton plants, with the highest levels found in seeds, and it exhibits a variety of toxic effects. Few data are available on the content of gossypol in the commercial complementary feed and in feed raw materials. The present study was focused on the investigation of the presence of free gossypol in commercial complementary feed not containing cotton. A total of 50 samples of commercial complementary feed for dairy cows were performed in 29 feed mills both using and not using cotton as feed material. The free gossypol contamination resulted under the detection limit of the technique (4 mg/kg) in 12 out of 50 samples analysed and ranged from 4 to 20 mg/kg in 28 samples. In 10 samples the level of free gossypol ranged from 20 to 29.5 mg/kg. Average contamination of samples was 12.2±9.2 SD mg/kg. No significant difference (P=0.571) was shown in free gossypol concentration between feed produced in <em>cotton free</em> plants and in plants where cotton is used as feed material. Free gossypol content detected in the present study allows considering complementary feed for dairy cows not at risk. On the other hand, the detection of free gossypol in cotton free complementary feed, probably attributable to cross contamination of feed materials upstream of the feed mill, should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Enzymological, Histological and Serum Biomarkers Responses of Snubnose Pompano on Complete Replacement of Fishmeal Using Cottonseed Meal Supplemented With Lysine and Methionine in the Diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanasekaran Linga Prabu ◽  
Pananghat Vijayagopal ◽  
Sanal Ebeneezar ◽  
Chellappa Kalidas ◽  
Palsamy Rameshkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Free Gossypol ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Gossypol Content ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Free Gossypol Content ◽  
Inclusion Level

Abstract In a feeding experiment, cottonseed meal (CSM) was used to replace fishmeal (FM) in the diet of snubnose pompano supplemented with lysine and methionine to assess the growth, nutritive profile, hematological, histological and stress biomarkers response. Experimental fishes were randomly stocked in five treatments each with triplicates. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with graded level of CSM (0, 8.7, 17.4, 26.0 and 34.7%) as replacement for FM protein (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) were formulated and fed to respective treatments. Comparison between various parameters among the treatments was made using orthogonal polynomial contrasts to indicate the statistical significance. Higher alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were observed in 0CSM group and followed by 100CSM group as higher inclusion level of CSM with higher free gossypol content did not affect the metabolic enzyme activities. The maximum muscular free gossypol accretion of 1.28 mg kg-1 (on wet basis) was recorded in 100CSM group which was very well below the critical limit set by FDA. As a conclusion, fishmeal can be completely replaced using cottonseed meal in the diet of pompano without adverse effect on growth, metabolism and general health.

scholarly journals Optimising the mutation screening strategy in Marfan syndrome and identifying genotypes with more severe aortic involvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Stengl ◽  
András Bors ◽  
Bence Ágg ◽  
Miklós Pólos ◽  
Gabor Matyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marfan Syndrome ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Mutation Screening ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Connective Tissue Disorder ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Gene Panel ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
High Detection Rate

Abstract Background Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a systemic connective tissue disorder with life-threatening manifestations affecting the ascending aorta. MFS is caused by dominant negative (DN) and haploinsufficient (HI) mutations of the FBN1 gene. Our aim was to identify mutations of MFS patients with high detection rate and to investigate the use of a gene panel for patients with Marfanoid habitus. We also aimed to examine correlations between genotype and cardiovascular manifestations to predict “malignant” mutations. Methods 136 individuals were enrolled. In the first phase, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing were performed for 57 patients to screen the FBN1 gene, followed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in negative cases. For repeated negative results, NGS gene panel involving 9 genes was used. In the second phase, 79 patients were tested primarily with the same gene panel, negative samples were tested by MLPA. Results 84 pathogenic mutations were detected, out of which 78 affected FBN1, 6 non-FBN1 mutations (2 TGFB2, 1 TGFBR2, 2 TGFBR1, 1 SMAD3) are associated with Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS). LDS patients had lower systemic score and they were younger, but their aortic involvement did not differ. MLPA detected 4 multi-exon deletions of FBN1 gene, which could not be identified by our first-step screening method. Aortic involvement (aortic dissection and/or dilation) did not differ significantly among HI and DN mutations (p = 0.061). Combined group of HI and DN mutations eliminating a disulphide-bonding cysteine (DN Cys) had significantly higher aortic involvement rate than DN mutations not eliminating a disulphide-bonding cysteine (DN non-Cys) (p < 0.001). Patients with DN Cys required significantly more aortic surgeries than HI and DN non-Cys mutations (p = 0.042 and p = 0.015, respectively). Conclusions Due to the relevant number of mutations affecting genes other than FBN1, preferred approach for testing individuals with Marfanoid habitus is using a gene panel rather than single-gene analysis, followed by MLPA for negative samples. DN Cys and HI mutations should be considered as risk factors for aortic involvement. Genetic testing for patients with Marfanoid features and a systemic score under 7 is recommended, as LDS patients may have lower scores, but they may have severe cardiovascular manifestations.

scholarly journals The Bruxoff Device as a Screening Method for Sleep Bruxism in Dental Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Saczuk ◽  
Barbara Lapinska ◽  
Paulina Wilmont ◽  
Lukasz Pawlak ◽  
Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Screening Device ◽  
Reliable Methods

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a masticatory muscle activity during sleep and a common phenomenon. Severe SB can have a serious impact on the success of dental treatment. Reliable methods of screening and diagnosing patients with SB are crucial. Therefore, in this study, a Bruxoff device as a potential screening and diagnostic method for sleep bruxism was evaluated. A total of 60 adults participated in this study: 35 patients with symptoms of bruxism (study group) and 25 asymptomatic patients (control group). Data were recorded using Bruxoff. All symptomatic patients participating in the study turned out to be bruxers, while not all asymptomatic patients turned out to be non-bruxers according to the Bruxoff device. Bruxoff is a simple screening device that can be safely used to evaluate masseter muscle activity during sleep. Since the device does not have a built-in microphone and/or video camera and, therefore, cannot record grinding sounds, the objective capabilities of Bruxoff as a single diagnostic device for sleep bruxism are limited.

Assessing Diabetic Foot Infections With the ThermoScale: A Comparative Thermometry Device Designed as a Patient Self-Screening Tool

2020 ◽  
pp. 153473462094830
Author(s):  
Laure Arts ◽  
Johan De Neve ◽  
Samira Baharlou ◽  
Nathalie Denecker ◽  
Laura Kerselaers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections

Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is an important risk factor for amputation, and late diagnosis or referral is often incriminated for poor outcome. To enable an earlier diagnosis of DFI, comparative foot thermometry has been suggested as a self-screening method for patients in a home setting. We validated the efficacy of the ThermoScale, a weighing scale outfitted with temperature sensors that allows accurate temperature measurement in both feet. Temperature differentials in DFI patients (n = 52) were compared with a control group of similar diabetic patients (n = 45) without any foot wounds. Based on these findings, we drafted a receiver operating characteristic curve to determine an area-under-the-curve of 0.8455. This value suggests that the ThermoScale, as a diagnostic test, is reasonably accurate. A cutoff value of 2.15 °C temperature difference corresponded with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 61.5%. As wearables, portable health electronics, and telemedicine become increasingly popular, we think that comparative temperature measurement technology is valuable in improving early diagnosis of DFIs.

PRACTICAL SCREENING FOR DIABETES MELLITUS IN PREGNANT WOMEN

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S11-S24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eigil Guttorm
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
List Type ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Class B ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT A prospective and consecutive investigation of 1697 pregnant women without earlier known diabetes and a retrospective investigation of 120 pregnant diabetics (White class A: 94, White class B: 26), has been performed. It was found that: the most useful criteria of potential diabetics were: 1) the presence of diabetes in close relatives, diagnosed before the age of 40 years, 2) the presence of obesity in the patients, defined as 20 per cent overweight or more just before pregnancy, 3) previous delivery of a big baby, defined as a baby with birthweight ≦ 4500 g. Of the 1697 pregnant women 8 per cent were potential diabetics and in 8 per cent glucosuria was found. pregnant women with glucosuria and potential diabetics defined as above had a higher risk of having a diabetic OGTT than other pregnant women. A diabetic OGTT was found with falling incidence in the groups: potential diabetics with glucosuria: 10.5 per cent, non-potential diabetics with glucosuria: 3.7 per cent, potential diabetics without glucosuria: 3.4 per cent, and in the control group (non-potential diabetics without glucosuria): 0.3 per cent. A positive correlation was found between the level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) early in pregnancy, and the result of OGTT later in pregnancy. When FPG exceeded 89 mg/100 ml (75 mg/100 ml whole blood) the incidence of diabetic curves increased significantly. By combining the following criteria: potential diabetics – glucosuria – fasting plasma glucose, FPG, it was found that the percentage of pregnant women, which ought to be investigated with an OGTT, could be reduced to 4 per cent, while the sensitivity and the specificity of the screening was 78 per cent and 89 per cent, respectively. This approach also resulted in the detection of all the most treatmentrequiring cases of diabetes. The practical use of the screening method is described.

scholarly journals Correlation of Soluble CD44 Expression in Saliva and CD44 Protein in Oral Leukoplakia Tissues

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5739
Author(s):  
Ingrīda Čēma ◽  
Madara Dzudzilo ◽  
Regīna Kleina ◽  
Ivanda Franckevica ◽  
Šimons Svirskis
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Epithelium

The aim of this study was to determine whether and how pan-CD44 protein expression in leukoplakia tissues correlates with positive SolCD44 test presence and their role in oral leukoplakia. SolCD44 and total protein expression in saliva were determined using an OncAlert® Oral Cancer Rapid test. Comparison of paired associations of total protein, SolCD44, mean number of CD44 expressed epithelial layers in leukoplakia tissue, and macrophages below the basement membrane between control group and patients with leukoplakia showed statistically significant results (p < 0.0001). It is shown that the total protein indicates low or elevated risk of possible malignant transformation processes in leukoplakia. Statistically significant differences between higher total protein level and clinical forms of oral leukoplakia (p < 0.0001), as well as CD44-labeled epithelial cell layer decrease (p < 0.0001), were found. This possibly points to the onset of the stemness loss in leukoplakia tissue. CD9 antigen expression in the exosomes of the oral epithelium explained the intercellular flow of SolCD44 and other fluids in the leukoplakia area. We conclude that the OncAlert® Oral Cancer Rapid test is a valuable screening method in daily clinical practice, in terms of complementing clinical diagnostics methods and to assess the potential for early malignancy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document