scholarly journals Biofunctional significance of multi-herbal combination against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardeep Kaur ◽  
Robin Shergill ◽  
Rajendra G. Mehta ◽  
Balbir Singh ◽  
Saroj Arora
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Peroxyl Radicals ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase

Abstract A multi-herbal combination (MHC) of five herbs, namely Punica granatum L., Putranjiva roxburghii Wall., Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers and Trigonella corniculata L., was assessed against the paracetamol-induced acute hepatotoxicity in female Wistar rats. The animals were randomly assorted into seven groups with six animals in each group. The rats were pre-treated with MHC (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) once daily for seven consecutive days via oral route followed by administration of paracetamol (3 g/kg bw) on day 7, an hour after the last administration of MHC and silymarin. It was observed that MHC administration significantly (p ≤ 0.05) overturned the paracetamol-induced increase in serum liver function biomarkers (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin), phase I reaction enzymes (NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase), and oxidant biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides, and protein content). MHC administration also reinstated the paracetamol-induced significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in haematological indices (haematocrit, haemoglobin, red and white blood cells, and platelets), phase II reaction enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase and DT-diaphorase), membrane-bound enzymes (Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase), and antioxidant biomarkers (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase). Overall, MHC at 200 mg/kg bw dose significantly (p ≤ 0.05) sheltered the red blood cells from the assault of free radicals, stabilized the structural and functional integrity of hepatocytes, hindered APAP biotransformation to its toxic metabolites, and endorsed conjugating abilities to detoxify toxic entities. Further, MHC significantly (p ≤ 0.05) activated enzymatic machinery to scavenge/inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species, regulated nucleic acid metabolism, surface potential, and membrane fluidity, attenuated tissue breakdown, quenched peroxyl radicals, and provided protection against tissue injury. The necroinflammatory scores revealed strong evidence of MHC (200 mg/kg bw) effectiveness against the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats at p ≤ 0.05. The synergistic effect of major inherent phytoconstituents (kaempferol, ellagic acid, and gallic acid), detected by HPLC-PDA, in MHC might have overturned the paracetamol-induced biochemical toxic alterations in rat liver.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF PHTHALATE ANALOGUE OF DICLOFENAC AGAINST FREUND’S COMPLETE ADJUVANT INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RAT

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
P. MANIMEKALAI ◽  
K. M. PREETU SHUKLA ◽  
P. SUDHAKAR ◽  
P. G. MURUGANANTHAN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Freund’S Complete Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Complete Adjuvant ◽  
Bony Destruction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Factor C

Objective: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of Phthalate analogues of diclofenac in Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) induced Arthritis in the rat. Methods: Twenty four female albino wistar rats were enrolled in this study and are divided into 4 groups (six each). The groups were designed as follows: Group I: vehicle control, Group II: arthritic control, Group III: diclofenac treated, Group IV: phthalate analogue of diclofenac treated. Various assessments such as anti-arthritic activity, biochemical estimations, haematological parameters, ulcerogenesis, radiological and histopathological studies were evaluated. Results: Arthritic control group exhibited significant increase in the level of paw volume, arthritic score (p<0.0001), Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (p<0.001), Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) p<0.01), rheumatoid arthritis factor, C-reactive protein (CRP), White Blood Cells (WBC), Creatinine and uric acid and a significant decrease in Red Blood Cells (RBC). Increased swelling of joints, bony destruction and profound ulceration were observed in the Arthritic control group. All these conditions were reversed in diclofenac and phthalate analogue of diclofenac groups. Conclusion: We conclude that phthalate analogue of diclofenac shows potent anti-arthritic activity with milder ulceration when compared to diclofenac treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SILYMARIN EXTRACTED FROM SILYBUM MARIANUM ON NICKEL HEMATOTOXICITY AND NEPHROTOXICITY IN MALE ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Samira Bouhalit ◽  
Zine Kechrid ◽  
Abdelfattah Elfeki
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Nickel Sulfate ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Renal Markers

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of silymarin extract from Silybum marianum against nickel-induced alterations in haematological indices, kidney dysfunction and renal antioxidant defence system.Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups seven each. Control, silymarin, nickel and nickel plus silymarin. Silymarin was administrated orally (100 mg/kg b. wt) and nickel as nickel sulfate (NiSO4 6H20) was given intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg b. wt) at alternative days. The experiment continued for three consecutive weeks. Body weight was recorded regularly. After overnight fasting, animals were killed and serum creatinine, serum urea, serum uric acid, hematological parameters and renal antioxidant markers were determined.Results: The treatment with nickel led to a significant decrease in body weight with an increase in both absolute and relative kidney weights and a significant increase in renal markers, which confirmed by histopathological alteration. A microcytic anemia was also observed, which was manifested by a reduction of red blood cells count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, platelet counts (Plt), hematocrit and white blood cells counts (WBC). The level of lipid peroxidation was increased. Whereas, GSH concentration and enzymatic antioxidants SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were decreased. The co-treatment with methanolic extract of milk thistle attenuated the variation in the hematological and renal markers, decreasing renal lipid peroxidation (p<0.05) with a concomitant increasing reduced glutathione content (p<0.01) and restoring the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) in kidney, as well as an improvement in histological changes compared to those previously noticed in nickel group.Conclusion: To conclude, these findings demonstrated that silymarin extract effectively improved heamatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by nickel.

Hematological and kidney-functional analysis of acetic acid-induced inflammatory rats administered flavonoid-rich fraction of Ficus sur

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 024-034
Author(s):  
Sunday Adeola Emaleku
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Pack Cell Volume ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Blood Disorders ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Functional Assays

Background and aims: Unregulated inflammation causes dysfunctional immune system and could consequently lead to blood disorders due to impaired hematopoietic process, and also destruction of important organs as a result of autoimmunity. In this study, flavonoid-rich fraction of Ficus sur (FRFFS) is investigated for its effects on hematological parameters and renal metabolites in inflammation-induced rats. Materials and methods: Inflammation was induced in Wistar rats of average weight of 112.60 ± 0.75 g by successive oral administration of 6% at (20 ml/kg), 3% at (15 ml/kg) and 6% at (10 ml/kg) acetic acid for one week. Experimental animals were orally administered various doses of FRFFS; 15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg for two weeks. Blood and kidney samples were collected for hematological parameters and kidney functional assays respectively, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: FRFFS significantly (p < 0.05) increased pack cell volume, hemoglobin, red blood cells and platelets, and significantly decreased white blood cells, most especially at 120 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg doses. Similarly, it significantly increased kidney urea and creatinine concentrations. Conclusion: Sequel to these findings, it is inferred that FRFFS could be a potential natural therapy for hematological and renal disorders.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL PESTICIDE RESIDUES AND HEALTH BIOMARKERS AMONG FARMERS FROM GREENHOUSES OF ERBIL CUCUMBER CROPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1357-1366
Author(s):  
Othman & Kakey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Greenhouse Cucumber ◽  
The Mean

This study was aimed to determine the residual concentrations of pesticides used in greenhouse cucumber fields and their effects on the farmers that spray it. Sixteen active cucumber greenhouse fields with 96 people (75 sprayers and 21 volunteers as control) randomly had been selected. In all selected greenhouses, abamectin, thiamethoxam, pyridabin, and spirodiclofen pesticides were used, their cucumber with leaves and groundwater collected in December 2017, March, June, and September 2018 with workers blood samples, were immediately brought to the laboratory. Results showed the occurrence of residual pesticides in the plant and groundwater samples with a highest level in the plant samples, while decreased in water samples. That is in comparison with control, sprayer blood results showed that cholinesterase activity decreased significantly meanwhile, liver function enzymes: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, direct and total serum bilirubin increased significantly. The kidney function test revealed that the mean serum urea concentration in the sprayers was considerably increased compared to the controls, while there was no significant change between the sprayers and the control serum creatinine. Slight variations in the declining number of red blood cells; however, white blood cells have significantly risen to their upper limit within normal ranges.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL ROLE OF PUNICA GRANATUM JUICE FOR TREATING DENGUE FEVER ON CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED SWISS ALBINO MICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 494-53
Author(s):  
Liny P. ◽  
◽  
Jayarama M. ◽  
Rajeshwari B.C ◽  
Vijay Kumar S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Leaf Juice

The present work aims at analysing the potential of pomegranate juice which is used for the treatment of dengue fever as it is used in increasing the bodys immune power by increasing the platelets count. The phytochemical characteristics of pomegranate juice extract is studied and compared with papaya leaf juice extract. Both the papaya leaves and pomegranate are naturally and easily available, which are non toxic, has no side effects. In our study, the effectiveness of pomegranate juice was studied by introducing the juice into cyclophosphamide induced swiss albino mice. Before the administration, the platelet count, White Blood Cells (WBC) and Red Blood Cells (RBC) was analysed, after the induction of cyclophosphamide platelet count and white blood cells decreased from 9,74,200, 11380 to 8,42,400, 6140 and no significance for RBC. The blood samples were rechecked after introduction of pomegranate juice extract. It was observed that platelet count, WBC increased significantly, but there was no significant increase in RBC. Therefore, it can be concluded that pomegranate juice significantly increases the platelet count and WBC.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF VERNONIA DIVERGENS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
LAXMIDHAR MAHARANA ◽  
MANOJ KUMAR SETHI ◽  
RUDRA NARAYAN DASH ◽  
SNIGDHA PATTNAIK
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Screening Methods

Objective: The current investigation for antidiabetic activity of the plant Vernonia divergens (DC.) Edgew. has not been reported till date. However, to enlighten the folkloric claim of the plant, the study was carried out on various animal models such as albino mice, albino rabbits, Wistar rats, rabbits, hamsters, dogs, and monkeys. Methods: The whole plant of V. divergens was studied on various animal models. Screening methods generally have been carried out on rodents and non-rodents, respectively. Various biochemical and hematological parameters such as serum glucose, plasma insulin, lipid profile and activities of liver enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, and differential counts were measured to assess the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities as well as safety profile of the extract. Results: Among all experimental extracts of V. divergens, it was found that the aqueous and methanolic extracts had maximum control of blood glucose in diabetic Wistar rats. While comparing with normoglycemic animals, it was observed that reduction of blood sugar level and increase in plasma insulin level are maximum with test extract. Among the study, the effects of the methanolic extract of V. divergens (MEVD) and aqueous extract of V. divergens (AEVD) were done through oral route in both the models, i.e., normoglycemic and hyperglycemic animal models. The safety profile was evaluated by toxicological evaluation and observed that, even at a higher dose level of 3000 mg/kg body weight, the MEVD and AEVD were safe and retain normal physiological and behavioral effect. The whole protein, whole cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity of streptozotocin-administered rats showed significantly higher than normal rats, and the test extract-treated rats significantly reduced the elevated levels. Conclusion: It is concluded that the MEVD and AEVD (DC.) Edgew. might be beneficial in effectively reducing the blood glucose concentration and managing the various complications of diabetes. However, in comparison between both the extracts, the methanol extract was found to be significantly more potent than that of the A.E. in all aspects.

Evaluation of the Properties of Encapsulated Stavudine Microparticulate Lipid-based Drug Delivery System in Immunocompromised Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-247
Author(s):  
Salome A. Chime ◽  
Godswill C. Onunkwo ◽  
Anthony A. Attama
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Homogenization Method ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

Background: Lipid based formulations have been confirmed to lower some side effects of drug and can be tailor made to offer sustained drug release of drugs with short half-life like stavudine. Aim: To evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of stavudine-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) using immunocompromised Wistar rats. Methods: The SLMs were formulated by homogenization method. The optimized batches were used for further in vivo studies. The effect of formulation on the CD4 count and the haematological properties of immunocompromised Wistar rats were studied. Results: The particle size range of 4 -8 µm, EE range of 85-93 % and maximum drug release at 10 h. The CD4 cells increased from 115 ± 3.17 cell/mm3 at day zero to 495 ± 5.64 cell/mm3 at day 14 of treatment and 538 ± 6.31 cell/mm3 at day 21. The red blood cells increased from 2.64 ± 1.58 (x 106 /mm3 ) at day zero to 6.96 ± 3.47 (x 106 /mm3 ) at day 14 and 7.85 ± 3.64 (x 106 /mm3 ) at day 21. PCV increased significantly (p < 0.05) to about 42 – 50 % at day 21 in the groups that received the SLMs formulations. The white blood cells (WBC) also were 12 x 103 /mm3 , for SLM formulations, while the rats that received plain stavudine exhibited WBC of 9.6 x 103 /mm3 at day 21. The histopathological studies revealed that oral stavudine-loaded SLMs had no significant damage to the kidney, liver, spleen and the brain of Wistar rats. Conclusion: Formulations exhibited significantly higher immunomodulatory properties than plain stavudine (p<0.05) and showed good properties for once daily oral administration and could be a better alternative to plain stavudine tablets for the management of patients living with HIV.

Proposed Mechanism of Action of Topically Applied Autologous Blood Clot Tissue: A Quintessential Cellular and Tissue Based Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Snyder ◽  
Gregroy Schultz ◽  
Chinenye Wachuku ◽  
Arij M Rashid ◽  
J. Karim Karim Ead
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Autologous Blood Clot

Background: Chronic wounds, especially in patients with diabetes, oftenrepresent clinical challenges. Recently the use of a topically applied blood clot has garnered significant interest. This stromal matrix contains viable cells that are autologous, biocompatible, biological and consistent with a metabolically active scaffold. It has been shown to be safe, effective, and cost efficient. However, the mechanism of action of this modality remains elusive. The objective of this manuscript is to identify a potential mechanism of action of an autologous blood clot.Methods: Review of clinical and scientific literature hypothesizes on how autologous blood clots may stimulate healing and facilitate the movement of critical substrates while lowering bioburden and fostering angiogenesis.Results: Blood serves as a carrier for many components: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, proteins, clotting factors, minerals, electrolytes, and dissolved gasses. In response to tissue injury, the hemostatic mechanism employs a host of vascular and extravascular responses initiating primary, secondary, and tertiary hemostasis. The scaffold created by the autologous blood clot tissue provides a medium in which the body can transform the wound from a non-healing chronic condition into a healing "acute" condition. The autologous blood clot tissue also creates a protective setting for the body to utilize its own mechanisms to promote wound healing in an organized manner. This transient scaffold recruits surrounding fibroblasts and promotes cell ingrowth to foster granulation tissue remodeling. Cells in this matrix not only sense soluble factors, but also their physical environments. This well-orchestrated mechanism includes signals from soluble molecules, from the substrate/matrix to which the cell is adherent, from the mechanical or physical forces acting on it, and from contact with other cells. Topically applied autologous blood clot tissue can lower bacterial bioburden while stimulating angiogenesis and fostering the movement of keratinocytes and fibroblasts.Conclusions: Topically applied autologous blood clot tissue represents a formidable cellular and tissue based therapy that has been shown to be safe and effective. Although the central component of this therapy is blood, the autologous clot tissue creates a scaffold that performs as a biologic delivery system that functions to control the release of growth factors and cytokines over several days.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Haematological Effects and Histopathological Changes caused by Moringa oleifera on Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Elmuaiz Gasmalbari ◽  
◽  
Hatil H. EL-Kamali ◽  
Osama S. Abbadi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Renal Histology

Background: Of the plant family Moringaceae, Moringa oleifera is the most popular. It draws researchers’ attention by its nutritional and phytochemical properties. The potential effects of this plant are still to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifiera in the blood glucose, serum lipids, hemoglobin, hematologic values of blood cells, and the possible organ toxicity of this plant by measuring liver and kidney functions and histology. Materials and method: Moringa olifiera leaves were pounded to powder using a pestle. 100mg for each kilogram of bodyweight (mg/kg/bw) were weighted for each rat. Sera for blood glucose, lipid profile, blood parameters, and histology slides for liver and kidneys were prepared and studied after the above dose administration-orally, for three weeks. Results: Administration of aqueous Moringa leaves100mg/kg/bw to rats for 21days caused a significant decrease in the triglycerides level, plasma cholesterol, blood glucose, platelets count, plasma proteins and albumin. There was a significant increase in the body weight. White blood cells (WBCs) and packed cell volume (PCV) increased significantly, but the changes in Red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin level, blood urea and creatinine were not statistically significant. Features of tissue injury were seen in the liver and renal histology slides. Conclusion: The effects of Moringa olifiera in albino rats in this study agrees with most of the previous researches, but contradicts the literature with regards to the cholesterol and renal function results.

Ultrastructural changes in murine lymphoma cells exposed to ultraviolet-A radiation

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Delma P. Thomas ◽  
Dianne E. Godar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Murine Lymphoma ◽  
Transmission Electron

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from all three waveband regions of the UV spectrum, UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (200-290 nm), can be emitted by some medical devices and consumer products. Sunlamps can expose the blood to a considerable amount of UVR, particularly UVA and/or UVB. The percent transmission of each waveband through the epidermis to the dermis, which contains blood, increases in the order of increasing wavelength: UVC (10%) < UVB (20%) < UVA (30%). To investigate the effects of UVR on white blood cells, we chose transmission electron microscopy to examine the ultrastructure changes in L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells.

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