scholarly journals Examining the accuracy of trackways for predicting gait selection and speed of locomotion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Marmol-Guijarro ◽  
Robert Nudds ◽  
Lars Folkow ◽  
Jonathan Codd
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Made In ◽  
Require Information ◽  
Bouncing Gaits

Abstract Background Using Froude numbers (Fr) and relative stride length (stride length: hip height), trackways have been widely used to determine the speed and gait of an animal. This approach, however, is limited by the ability to estimate hip height accurately and by the lack of information related to the substrate properties when the tracks were made, in particular for extinct fauna. By studying the Svalbard ptarmigan moving on snow, we assessed the accuracy of trackway predictions from a species-specific model and two additional Fr based models by ground truthing data extracted from videos as the tracks were being made.Results The species-specific model accounted for more than 60% of the variability in speed for walking and aerial running, but only accounted for 19% when grounded running, likely due to its stabilizing role while moving faster over a changing substrate. The error in speed estimated was 0-35% for all gaits when using the species-specific model, whereas Fr based estimates produced errors up to 55%. The highest errors were associated with the walking gait. The transition between pendular to bouncing gaits fell close to the estimates using relative stride length described for other extant vertebrates. Conversely, the transition from grounded to aerial running appears to be species specific and highly dependent on posture and substrate.Conclusion Altogether, this study highlights that using trackways to derive predictions on the locomotor speed and gait, using stride length as the only predictor, are problematic as accurate predictions require information from the animal in question.

scholarly journals Examining the accuracy of trackways for predicting gait selection and speed of locomotion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Marmol-Guijarro ◽  
Robert Nudds ◽  
Lars Folkow ◽  
Jonathan Codd
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Made In ◽  
Require Information ◽  
Bouncing Gaits

Abstract Background Using Froude numbers (Fr) and relative stride length (stride length: hip height), trackways have been widely used to determine the speed and gait of an animal. This approach, however, is limited by the ability to estimate hip height accurately and by the lack of information related to the substrate properties when the tracks were made, in particular for extinct fauna. By studying the Svalbard ptarmigan moving on snow, we assessed the accuracy of trackway predictions from a species-specific model and two additional Fr based models by ground truthing data extracted from videos as the tracks were being made. Results The species-specific model accounted for more than 60% of the variability in speed for walking and aerial running, but only accounted for 19% when grounded running, likely due to its stabilizing role while moving faster over a changing substrate. The error in speed estimated was 0-35% for all gaits when using the species-specific model, whereas Fr based estimates produced errors up to 55%. The highest errors were associated with the walking gait. The transition between pendular to bouncing gaits fell close to the estimates using relative stride length described for other extant vertebrates. Conversely, the transition from grounded to aerial running appears to be species specific and highly dependent on posture and substrate. Conclusion Altogether, this study highlights that using trackways to derive predictions on the locomotor speed and gait, using stride length as the only predictor, are problematic as accurate predictions require information from the animal in question.

Performance of weaning and post-weaned steers fed partial or complete extruded diets

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 72-72
Author(s):  
X. Serrano ◽  
M.D. Baucells ◽  
F. Puchal
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Extrusion Cooking ◽  
Feed Manufacturing ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Extruded Products ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Extrusion Technology ◽  
Made In

Extrusion-cooking has become a well established industrial technology with a number of food and feed applications. In addition to the usual benefits of heat processing, extrusion offers the possibility of modifying the functional properties of feed ingredients and/or of giving them a different texture (Cheftel, 1986). During the last 10-15 years significant advances have been made in the application of extrusion technology to the animal feed manufacturing. However there is a lack of information on the use of extruded products in starter diets for steers. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects on the performance of weaning and post-weaned steers of the inclusion of several extruded ingredients in the diet.Thirty nine 1 to 2 week-old male friesian steers (mean body weight of 54 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments from outcome groups of similar initial weights.

scholarly journals Characterization and transcriptional profiles of Engraulis encrasicolus’ GnRH forms

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Miccoli ◽  
Ike Olivotto ◽  
Andrea De Felice ◽  
Iole Leonori ◽  
Oliana Carnevali
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Engraulis Encrasicolus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Salmon Gnrh ◽  
Stimulation Of

The European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, a member of the Clupeiformes order, holds a great biological and economical importance. In the past, this species was mostly investigated with the aim of assessing its reproductive biology, trophic ecology, population dynamics and the relations existing with the physical environment. At present days, though, an almost complete lack of information afflicts its neuroendocrinology and reproductive physiology. The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis at its highest levels was herein investigated. In this study, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a neuropeptide underlying many reproduction-related processes, the most critical of which is the stimulation of gonadotropin synthesis and secretion from the pituitary gland, was cloned. Three forms (salmon GnRH, chicken-II GnRH and the species-specific type) were characterized in their full-length open-reading frames and, in accordance with other Clupeiformes species, the distinctive one was found to be the herring-type GnRH. We qualitatively and semiquantitatively evaluated the localizations of expressions and the temporal transcription patterns of the three GnRH forms in male and female specimens throughout their reproductive cycle as well as described their phylogeny with regard to teleost GnRH lineages, and, specifically, to other Clupeiformes species.

An Annotated List of the Hemiptera (S.L.) of Alberta

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 193-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Present Writer ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Many ◽  
Made In

Despite the recognized economic inrportance of many members of the order Hemiptera the majority of species in this group are not of great interest either to the economic entomologist or to the general collector. For this reason relatively little is known about the distribution of many species throughout Canada. This lack of information is evident with regard to records of captures which have been made in Alberta. During the many years in which the Entomological Record was published, less than 80 entries referred to Albertan Hemiptera. Of these, only eleven concerned the suborder Homoptera. The order, as a whole, has fared hardly better in the Canadian Entomologist. Apart from a list H. H. Knight, recording Anthochoridae and Miridae collected by J. H. McDunnough at Waterton and Nordegg, and three papers by the present writer discussing Fulgoridae and Chermidae which are native to Alberta, there are only incidental references to the fact that other species of Hemiptera have been captured anywhere in this province.

scholarly journals ¿Cómo Perciben las Competencias Básicas los Docentes? Estudio Cualitativo sobre su Incorporación como Herramienta de Aprendizaje

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hortiguela Alcala ◽  
Ángel Pérez Pueyo ◽  
Víctor Abella García
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Year ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Perception Management ◽  
Participant Observer ◽  
Made In

Actually, it’s so important to articulate procedures that enable to analyze real work made in schools on Key Competences (KKCC). The aim of this study it was studied the perception management teams and teachers of Physical Education (PE) about this curricular element. The sample used in the research covers all the secondary schools in the capital of Burgos (Spain), a total of thirty. It was studied, using the descriptive analysis of a series of questionnaires completed by teachers, the assessment made them on the use of KKCC as an element of learning by the student. It has also conducted a single case study as a participant observer during a school year in a representative sample center, in order to examine in detail in the daily contribution to competencies. Participating teachers, despite favorable consideration to the integration of KKCC in the classroom, demonstrate a lack of information by the public administration, resulting in a lack of teacher training in regard to the possible application tools the classroom.

scholarly journals Sistem Pakar Juru Pemantau Jiwa (Jumanji) Berbasis Web Dengan Metode Forward Chaining

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adil ◽  
Henny Leidiyana
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Forward Chaining ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Box Method ◽  
Made In

Abstract   Through the mass media news is often found about how a family or community handles family members who have mental disorders by mounting, isolating, and even throwing them away. This shows that one of the things that causes the family to handle the problem inappropriately is the lack of information about diagnoses of mental disorders so that they take actions that could make the sufferer worse. The expert system designed by the writer here aims to produce an expert system that can be used by the general public. The system is made in such a way that it can be used easily to provide knowledge to the public about mental disorders and how to deal with it. With this expert system, families and even the surrounding community can take appropriate action if there are people with mental disorders in the vicinity. This expert system uses a method that is quite popular, namely Forward Chaining which is implemented in the form of a web-based application program. Application is made using the PHP programming language then testing based on the Black Box method   Keywords: Expert system, Mental disorder, Forward Chaining.   Abstrak   Melalui media massa sering dijumpai berita tentang bagaimana sebuah keluarga atau masyarakat menangani anggota keluarganya yang mengalami gangguan jiwa dengan cara memasung, mengucilkan, bahkan membuangnya. Ini menunjukkan bahwa salah satu hal yang menyebabkan keluarga kurang tepat dalam menangani permasalahan tersebut adalah kurangnya informasi tentang diagnosa gangguan jiwa sehingga mereka melakukan tindakan yang bisa jadi membuat penderita semakin parah. Sistem pakar yang dirancang penulis di sini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sistem pakar yang dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat secara umum. Sistem yang dibuat sedemikian rupa sehingga dapat digunakan secara mudah untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat tentang gangguan jiwa dan cara menanganinya. Dengan adanya sistem pakar ini, keluarga bahkan masyarakat di sekitarnya dapat melakukan tindakan yang tepat jika ada penderita gangguan jiwa di sekitarnya. Sistem pakar juru pemantau jiwa ini menggunakan metode yang cukup populer yaitu forward Chaining yang diimplementasikan ke dalam bentuk program aplikasi berbasis web. Aplikasi dibuat menggunakan bahasa pemograman PHP kemudian dilakukan pengujian berdasarkan dengan metode Black Box.   Kata Kunci: Sistem pakar, gangguan jiwa, Forward Chaining.

Psychobiology of partnership behaviour

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlev Ploog
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Human Social Behaviour ◽  
Made In

SynopsisAnimal experiments demonstrate that it is not only the quality of transmitted and received social signals that is important, but also their frequency and the timing of the information transmitted. In order for progress to be made in the investigation of human social behaviour and its disorders, methods must be developed which allow the transmission of verbal and non-verbal information to be measured. Experiments carried out with healthy adults and healthy and disturbed children to investigate human eye contact and distance behaviour are reported, along with experiments on the influence of gaze and body posture on spoken communication. Finally, a report on the use of behaviour therapy for an autistic child is outlined in order to explore the psychobiological correlations between social behaviour and language, which concur with extensive experiments on brain stimulation. It is suggested that there is a cerebral representation for species-specific social behaviour and a vocalization system embedded in these brain structures which is a phylogenetically patterned prerequisite for the development of human language.

scholarly journals Challenges faced by small-bus operators in participating in the formal public transport system

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Walters ◽  
Lesiba Manamela
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Statistical ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Made In

Background: Small-bus operators (SBOs) in South Africa operate on the periphery of the economic mainstream of scheduled subsidised commuter transport, and little progress has been made in getting these operators into the more formal subsidised industry. There is also a lack of information about the challenges these operators face in participating in the public transport industry.Objectives of the research: The main objective of the research was to conduct a survey among SBOs to obtain a better understanding of the challenges that they face in participating in the public transport industry.Method: A telephone survey of operators was undertaken to ensure an adequate response to a structured questionnaire. In analysing the data, we made use of Factor Analysis and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to undertake general statistical analysis.Results: The main results of the survey indicate that SBOs face significant financial and operational challenges. There is also a perceived lack of government support for SBOs. Major conclusions are that the Department of Transport (DoT) ought to address issues related to the complex governmental reporting and legal requirements for small business. In addition, government ought to be creating ‘space’ for SBOs in the design of contracts and actively encouraging the formation of consortia’s or partnerships, among the SBOs and/or between SBOs and established bus companies. Government, and especially the DoT, ought to more actively market the governments’ small-business support systems and procedures together with financial aid schemes to assist SBOs in acquiring or replacing buses.

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