An adaptive and abductive approach to develop community capability for environmental conservation in Lake Biwa (Japan)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhisa Kondo ◽  
Eiichi Fujisawa ◽  
Kanako Ishikawa ◽  
Satoe Nakahara ◽  
Kyohei Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Point System ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Community Capability

Abstract In the south basin of Lake Biwa, Shiga, Japan, overgrown aquatic weeds (submerged macrophytes) impede cruising boats, and cause unpleasant odors and undesirable waste when washed ashore. To address this socio-ecological problem, Shiga Prefectural Government implemented a public program to remove overgrown weeds and compost them ashore to conserve the lake environment, while coastal inhabitants and occasional volunteers remove weeds from the beaches to maintain the quality of the living environment. However, these effects are limited because of the disjointed social networks. We evaluate an adaptive and abductive approach to develop community capability to jointly address this problem by sharing the academic knowledge with local actors and empowering them to adopt initiatives. The initial multifaceted academic reviews, including interviews and postal questionnaire surveys revealed that the agro-economic value of composted weeds declined in historical and socio-psychological contexts and that most of the unengaged public relied on local governments to address environmental problems. These findings were synthesized and assessed with workshop participants, including local inhabitants, governmental agents, businesspeople, social entrepreneurs, and research experts, to unearth the best solution. The workshops resulted in the development of an e-point system, called Biwa Point , to promote and acknowledge voluntary environmental conservation activities, including beach cleaning. It may contribute to enhancing the socio-ecological capability of communities. Additionally, ethical issues, such as publication of inconvenient truths or undesired interpretation by the researchers as well as social constraints in research methods, arose through our research practice.

scholarly journals Community capability building for environmental conservation in Lake Biwa (Japan) through an adaptive and abductive approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhisa Kondo ◽  
Eiichi Fujisawa ◽  
Kanako Ishikawa ◽  
Satoe Nakahara ◽  
Kyohei Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Point System ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Community Capability

AbstractIn the south basin of Lake Biwa, Shiga, Japan, overgrown aquatic weeds (submerged macrophytes) impede cruising boats and cause unpleasant odors and undesirable waste when washed ashore. To address this socio-ecological problem, Shiga Prefectural Government implemented a public program to remove overgrown weeds and compost them ashore to conserve the lake environment, while coastal inhabitants and occasional volunteers remove weeds from the beaches to maintain the quality of the living environment. However, these effects are limited because of disjointed social networks. We applied an adaptive and abductive approach to develop community capability to jointly address this problem by sharing academic knowledge with local actors and empowering them. The initial multifaceted reviews, including interviews and postal questionnaire surveys, revealed that the agro-economic value of composted weeds declined in historical and socio-psychological contexts and that most of the unengaged public relied on local governments to address environmental problems. These findings were synthesized and assessed with workshop participants, including local inhabitants, governmental agents, businesspeople, social entrepreneurs, and research experts, to unearth the best solution. The workshops resulted in the development of an e-point system, called Biwa Point, to promote and acknowledge voluntary environmental conservation activities, including beach cleaning. It may contribute to enhancing the socio-ecological capability of communities. Additionally, ethical issues, such as publication of inconvenient truths, undesired interpretation by the researchers, and social constraints in research methods, arose through our research practice.

The Changing Nature of Knowledge and Service Work in the Age of Intelligent Machines

2020 ◽  
pp. 343-368
Author(s):  
Crispin Coombs ◽  
Donald Hislop ◽  
Stanimira Taneva ◽  
Sarah Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Service Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Impact

One of the most significant recent technological developments concerns the application of intelligent machines to jobs that up to now have been considered safe from automation. These changes have generated considerable debate regarding the impacts that the widespread adoption of intelligent machines could have on the nature of work. This chapter provides a thematic review, across multiple academic disciplines, of the current state of academic knowledge regarding the impact of intelligent machines on knowledge and service work. Adopting a work-practice perspective, the chapter reviews the extant literature concerning changing relations between workers and intelligent machines, the adoption and acceptance of intelligent machines, and ethical issues associated with greater machine human collaboration. A key finding is that much of the research discusses intelligent machines complementing and extending human capabilities rather than removing humans from work processes. The concept of augmentation of humans and human work, rather than wholesale replacement from automation, flows through the literature across a range of domains. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the main gaps in existing knowledge and ways in which future research may provide a deeper understanding of how people (currently and in the near future) experience intelligent machines in their day-to-day work practice. These include the need for multi-disciplinary research, the role of contexts, the need for more and better empirical research, the changing relationships between humans and intelligent machines, the adoption and acceptance of the technology, and ethical issues.

How the social entrepreneurship business model designs in South Africa create value: a complex adaptive systems approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olu Oludele Akinloye Akinboade ◽  
Trevor Taft ◽  
Johann Friedrich Weber ◽  
Obareng Baldwin Manoko ◽  
Victor Sannyboy Molobi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social

Purpose This paper aims to understand social entrepreneurship (SE) business model design to create values whilst undertaking public service delivery within the complex environments of local governments in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach Face-to-face semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 purposively selected social entrepreneurs in Gauteng and Western Cape provinces. The interview guide consisted of main themes and follow-up questions. Themes included SEs’ general history, the social business model; challenges faced and how these were overcome; scaling and growth/survival strategies. These enabled the evaluation of SEs in terms of identifying key criteria of affordability, availability, awareness and acceptability, which SEs must achieve to operate successfully in low-income markets. Social enterprise owners/managers within the electricity distribution, water reticulation and waste management services sectors were surveyed. Findings Most respondents focus on building a network of trust with stakeholders, through communication mechanisms that emphasize high-frequency engagements. There is also a strong focus on design-thinking and customer-centric approaches that strengthen value creation. The value creation process used both product value and service value mechanisms and emphasized quality and excellence to provide stakeholder, as well as societal value, within their specific contexts. Practical implications This study builds upon other research that emphasizes SEs’ customer-centric approaches to strengthen value creation and on building a network of trust with multiple stakeholders. It contributes to emphasizing the business paradigm shift towards bringing social values to the business practice. Social implications Social good, but resource providers are demanding more concrete evidence to help them understand their impact (Struthers, 2013). This is because it is intrinsically difficult for many social organizations to document and communicate their impact in more than an anecdotal way. The research has contributed to the understanding of how SEs can provide evidence of value creation. Originality/value This study contributes to the understanding of how business models are designed to create value within the context of the overwhelming complexity of local government services in South Africa.

Conclusion

War Tourism ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
Bertram M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Second World

The study of memory tourism to war sites should not exclude the study of tourism during wartime. Both are components of war tourism, imparting meaning to war for both victors and vanquished. Both reflect their eras, whether through the gazes of the curious individual or the political and economic configurations sustaining the tourism industry. Germans who described a newfound appreciation of their homeland after touring occupied France show how tourism worked in two directions, impacting not only on the sites visited but also the self-image of the visitor. Local governments in France now reach a larger tourism public with new technology. A powerful hold of Second World War imagery in France continues to face ethical issues of sustainability and trivialization.

scholarly journals KEWENANGAN BADAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DALAM PEMBERIAN SANKSI ADMINISTRATIF TERHADAP PELANGGARAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
I Made ari Permadi
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Administrative Sanctions ◽  
Relationship Of

National economic development as mandated by the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 organized by the principles of sustainable development and environmentally friendly. Development activities by various human activities have a direct impact on the capacity of the environment, resulting in a shift in the balance of the environment and use of natural resources that is disproportionate and inefficient, lack of awareness of the company as the private sector in environmental management program, causing environmental problems. The environment is a very important part in the human life cycle. Good environment and health is a human right process outlined in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 (1945), in Article 28H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution to formulate any person entitled prosperous life physically and mentally, residing, and earn a good living environment and healthy and receive medical care. Spirit of regional autonomy in the governance of the Republic of Indonesia has brought changes and the relationship of authority between the central and local governments, including in the field of environmental protection and management. That environmental quality is declining has threatened the survival of life of humans and other living creatures so that should be the protection and management of the environment seriously and consistently by all stakeholders. Pollution is one of the problems that arose from the development of these technologies. To maintain the preservation of the environment, criminal and administrative sanctions is one deterrent effect in order to preserve the environment.Pembangunan ekonomi nasional sebagaimana diamanatkan oleh Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 diselenggarakan berdasarkan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan dan berwawasan lingkungan. Kegiatan pembangunan dengan berbagai aktivitas manusia mempunyai pengaruh langsung terhadap daya dukung lingkungan, sehingga terjadi pergeseran keseimbangan lingkungan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam yang tidak proporsional dan tidak efisien, kurangnya kesadaran perusahaan sebagai sektor swasta dalam program pengelolaan lingkungan hidup, menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan hidup. Lingkungan merupakan bagian yang sangat penting dalam siklus kehidupan manusia. Lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat merupakan hak asasi manusia sesuai yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD 1945), dalam Pasal 28H ayat (1) UUD 1945 merumuskan setiap orang berhak hidup sejahtera lahir dan batin, bertempat tinggal, dan mendapatkan lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat serta berhak memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan. Semangat otonomi daerah dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia telah membawa perubahan hubungan dan kewenangan antara Pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah, termasuk di bidang perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Bahwa kualitas lingkungan hidup yang semakin menurun telah mengancam kelangsungan perikehidupan manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya sehingga perlu dilakukan perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup yang sungguh-sungguh dan konsisten oleh semua pemangku kepentingan. Pencemaran merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang timbul akibat perkembangan teknologi tersebut. Untuk menjaga kelestarian fungsi lingkungan hidup, sanksi administrasi dan sanksi pidana merupakan salah satu efek jera guna menjaga kelestarian fungsi lingkungan hidup.

scholarly journals Exclusion as urban policy: The Dutch ‘Act on Extraordinary Measures for Urban Problems’

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2337-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter van Gent ◽  
Cody Hochstenbach ◽  
Justus Uitermark
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Dutch Government ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
Temporary Relief ◽  
Urban Problems

The Dutch government introduced the Act on Extraordinary Measures for Urban Problems in 2006 to bolster local regeneration efforts. The act enables local governments to stop specific groups of deprived households from moving into designated neighbourhoods. More specifically, the Act allows local governments to refuse a residence permit to persons who have lived in the metropolitan region for less than six years and who do not receive an income from work, pensions or student loans. The policy is based on the idea that reducing the influx of poor newcomers improves liveability by providing a temporary relief of the demand for public services and by making neighbourhoods demographically ‘balanced’ or ‘socially mixed’. This review examines the socio-spatial effects of the Act in Rotterdam between 2006 and 2013. While the Act produces socio-demographic changes, the state of the living environment in designated areas seems to be worsening rather than improving. Our findings show that the policy restricts the rights of excluded groups without demonstrably improving safety or liveability. The review concludes with a reflection on how the Act may signify a broader change in European statecraft and urban policy.

A Study on Actual Conditions of Residential Environment in Western Region of China Part 1. A Survey on Environmental Actual Conditions of the Residence in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 670-673
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yasuko Yoshino ◽  
Jia Ping Liu ◽  
Koichi Ikeda ◽  
Tatsunobu Ichiyanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Western China ◽  
Apartment House ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Natural Energy

We declare the intensity of solar radiation, UV strength, inside temperature, humidity, illumination intensity, IAQ field measurements for traditional houses and apartment house in order to evaluate their levels in the living environment in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County of Zhangye City, Gansu Province, China. This study has been conducted together with Professor Jiaping Liu, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. We have directed at the climatic and residential environments and local residents of western China. It is founded on Japan-China joint research, built on physical measurements and questionnaire surveys that enable healthy and sustainable development, on the basis of assessment of the climate and environmental characteristics of western China. Additionally, the project aims at proposing convenient methods to protect people against the adverse health effects of climate change, looking at inhabitants. Focusing our attention on the state of housing in rural parts of Sunan County and on the characteristic abundance of natural energy resources, we set out to develop a new model for energy-efficient housing adapted to available natural energy sources. We are aiming to reduce household energy consumption and to promote greater environmental conservation.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC FACTORS AND PREVALENCE OF THE DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Paul F. Kiku ◽  
S. N. Beniova ◽  
V. G. Moreva ◽  
T. V. Gorborukova ◽  
O. A. Izmaylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Point System ◽  
Primorsky Krai ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Bioclimatic Zone

The most important medical and social problem of modern health care are diseases of the circulatory system, the high incidence of which is due to the interaction of a number of factors, among which a certain place is occupied by the living environment. The purpose and objectives of the study - to lead ecological and hygienic assessment of the prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system in the population of Primorsky Krai. Material and methods. Ecological and hygienic assessment of the prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system in the population of Primorsky Krai was carried out for the period 2000-2017, depending on the bioclimatic zone, environmental situation and habitat factors. Characteristics of the habitat were carried out according to 8 sanitary-hygienic and 7 natural-climatic modular factors, based on a 10-point system in accordance with the developed assessment scale. The dependences between environmental factors and the level of circulatory diseases were assessed by regression analysis, and the statistical significance was assessed by Chi - square (Pearson) criterion. Results. During the period 2000-2017 in Primorsky Krai there was an increase in the incidence of diseases of the circulatory system by 38%, and since 2006 they have come to the first place in the structure of morbidity and amounted to 43-49%. Among the diseases of the circulatory system is dominated by hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease. It is established that the prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system in the population is influenced by the following sanitary and hygienic parameters: the level of air pollution, the characteristic of chemical pollution, adverse physical factors, transport loads. The prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system has a strong relationship with a number of climatic parameters: the number of days with the biological activity of solar radiation, latitude, air speed. Discussion. Climatic and ecological factors of the region, social and demographic features can cause deviations of the health status of the population from the all-Russian trends. Conclusion. The dependence of the prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system on the bioclimatic zone, the degree of stress of the environmental situation in the Primorsky territory, as well as environmental factors.

scholarly journals A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR DEVELOPING THE BANDA ARCHIPELAGO AS AN ECOTOURISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-711
Author(s):  
Rudianto ◽  
Armyn Atlanta Putra ◽  
Zulqi Fahreza Akbar ◽  
Audina Putri
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
The Third ◽  
Alternative Livelihoods ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Banda Islands ◽  
Coastal Land ◽  
Cmp Model

Banda Islands is located in the eastern part of Indonesia. These islands are rich in coral reefs and fish. This archipelago has been designated by the Indonesian Government as a tourist area. However, the Banda Islands are facing several economic, social and environmental problems. This study aims to provide policy input to local governments in the form of a strategic plan to develop the Banda Islands as ecotourism and environmental conservation. The method used is “Ecotourism Opportunity Spectrum” (ECOS) and the “Conservation Measures Partnership" (CMP) model. The results of this study produce five strategic plans: a) The first priority is to create a working forum; b) the second is the integration of tasks between the parties involved; c) the third priority is the regulation for changes in coastal land; d) fourth priority is mapping of fishing and; e) the fifth priority is alternative livelihoods.

scholarly journals PROBLEM OF INSTITUTIONAL PROVISION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1(63)) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
A.M. Araftenii
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The People ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
Determining Factor

This article is devoted to the problem of institutional provision of socio-economic development of territorial communities in Ukraine, analysis of the peculiarities of administrative and territorial modernization at the regional level, streamlining of the system and structure of local authorities, as well as substantiation of the basic principles that are intended to ensure the effectiveness of institutional modernization of territorial communities in Ukraine . The system of local self-government does not meet the needs of society. Local governments do not have the necessary levers of influence, properly fulfill their functions in most of the territorial communities, do not ensure the creation and maintenance of a suitable living environment, which is necessary for the full development of the person, the protection of his rights, self-realization and providing the population with local self-government available administrative, social And other services in certain areas. The formation of self-sufficient, active and active territorial communities in Ukraine is a determining factor in the democratization of Ukrainian society and the realization of the constitutionally enshrined right of the people as the only source of power in our state. It is important for communities to create appropriate government institutions that are accountable to them and are in control, and which are actually effective. A territorial community is a collection of citizens of Ukraine who live together in a rural or urban settlement, have their collective interests and legal status, which is determined by law. Unlike a simple territorial unit, a settlement that has the status of a territorial community is given certain rights. First of all, this is the right to self-government. The united territorial communities will become a territorial unit of regional subordination. The institutional provision of territorial communities in Ukraine requires not only theoretical reflection and substantiation. Any theories are only worth something when they are tested in practice.

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