scholarly journals Cobalt Exposure in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease in the United States General Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Zhu ◽  
Shengen Liao ◽  
Xinyi Lu ◽  
Shi Shi ◽  
Dexing Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cobalt Exposure ◽  
Cubic Spline Curve

Abstract Cobalt exposure has adverse health effects on the cardiovascular system in occupational and laboratory studies, but these effects have not been assessed in the general population. We aimed to determine whether serum cobalt levels had relationship with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2015–2016), we performed the cross-sectional study. We analyzed the baseline chrematistics of 3,389 participants (1623 men and 1766 women). Generalized linear models and restricted cubic spline plots curve were undertaken to elucidate the relationship. Stratified subgroup analysis was tested to exclude interaction between different variates and cobalt. Our results showed that the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD prevalence across the quartiles of cobalt were 0.94 (0.68, 1.30), 1.58 (1.17, 2.13), and 1.84 (1.37, 2.48) compared with lowest quartile. The restricted cubic spline curve also suggested nonlinear and positive association between cobalt and CVD (P for nonlinearity = 0.005). In summary, our cross-sectional results verify that higher cobalt levels are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals The Relationships Between Serum DHEA-S and AMH Levels in Infertile Women: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Li-Te Lin ◽  
Kuan-Hao Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels has not been fully established. Therefore, we performed a large-scale cross-sectional study to investigate the association between serum DHEA-S and AMH levels. The study included a total of 2155 infertile women aged 20 to 46 years who were divided into four quartile groups (Q1 to Q4) based on serum DHEA-S levels. We found that there was a weak positive association between serum DHEA-S and AMH levels in infertile women (r = 0.190, p < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, serum DHEA-S levels positively correlated with serum AMH levels in infertile women (β = 0.103, p < 0.001). Infertile women in the highest DHEA-S quartile category (Q4) showed significantly higher serum AMH levels (p < 0.001) compared with women in the lowest DHEA-S quartile category (Q1). The serum AMH levels significantly increased across increasing DHEA-S quartile categories in infertile women (p = 0.014) using generalized linear models after adjustment for potential confounders. Our data show that serum DHEA-S levels are positively associated with serum AMH levels.

Daytime napping is associated with retinal microcirculation: a large population-based study in China

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Guowei Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Yueye Wang ◽  
Yan Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Retinal Microcirculation ◽  
Cubic Spline Curve

Abstract Study Objectives To investigate the association between daytime napping and retinal microcirculation. Methods This is a cross-sectional study from a prospective population-based cohort. 2,662 participants were recruited after quota sampling. Information on napping was collected through face-to-face interviews. Retinal vascular calibers (RVCs), including central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), and arterio-to-venous ratio (AVR), were obtained from fundus photography. Multivariate regression and restricted cubic spline curve were performed to determine the association between RVCs and daytime napping duration. Results 56.4% participants reported daytime napping regularly. Compared to no nap, daytime nap was related to higher CRAE, with nap duration of 0.5–1 h showing the most significant association. 0.5–1 h daytime nappers displayed an average of 4.18 µm (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.45–5.91, p &lt; 0.001) wider CRAE than non-nappers after adjustment. No significant association was found between CRVE and daytime napping. Moreover, individuals with 0.5–1 h daytime napping had a lower risk for AVR reduction (odds ratio [OR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.86, p = 0.001) than non-nappers. Similar association persisted in non-hypertensive population. Restricted cubic spline indicated a J-shaped relationship between AVR reduction and nap duration. Conclusion Retinal microcirculation was positively associated with self-reported 0.5–1 h daytime napping. Better indicators of retinal microcirculation were probably related to nap duration in a J-shaped manner. Also, the possibly beneficial role of 0.5–1 h daytime napping on retinal microcirculation might be independent of clinically diagnosed vascular diseases.

scholarly journals Comorbidities in Mycosis Fungoides and Racial Differences in Co-Existent Lymphomatoid Papulosis: A Cross-Sectional Study of 580 Patients in an Urban Tertiary Care Center

Medicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subuhi Kaul ◽  
Micah Belzberg ◽  
John-Douglas Matthew Hughes ◽  
Varun Mahadevan ◽  
Raveena Khanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Mycosis Fungoides ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lymphomatoid Papulosis

Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Previous reports have suggested MF is associated with inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, increased cardiovascular risk factors as well as secondary neoplasms. Methods: A cross-sectional study of MF patients seen from 2013 to 2019 was performed. Comorbidities were selected based on the 2015 Medicare report highlighting the most common chronic medical illnesses in the United States. Lifetime comorbidity occurrence in patients with MF were compared with that in patients with atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and patients without MF. Additional analyses were performed with patients sub-stratified by race. Results: Compared to control groups, MF was strongly associated with lymphomatoid papulosis and Hodgkin’s disease, but not significantly associated with lung, breast or colon cancer. Interestingly, the association with lymphomatoid papulosis was observed in Caucasians (CI 1062-4338; p < 0.001) and not African Americans (p = 0.9). Patients with MF had a greater association with congestive heart failure, hypertension (HT) and hyperlipidemia (HLD) compared with the general population. However, they were significantly less likely to have HT and HLD when compared with psoriasis patients (HT CI: 0.6–0.9; p < 0.001, and HLD CI: 0.05–0.07; p < 0.001). MF patients were also significantly less likely to have concomitant vitamin D deficiency compared with atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the association of MF with lymphomatoid papulosis varies by race. Compared to the general population, hypertension and hyperlipidemia were positively associated with MF, however, these were significantly less likely on comparison to psoriasis. Unlike previously described, vitamin D deficiency was found to be significantly less in patients with MF.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Comorbidities in Children and Young Adults With Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuoghi Edens ◽  
Maria Antonelli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
General Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Metabolic Comorbidities

Background: Adult-onset psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have been associated with diabetes, hypertension (HTN), and obesity in addition to other diagnoses. The relationship of these comorbidities in children and young adults with PsO and PsA is not well known. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic comorbidities and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in those ≤19 years of age with PsO and PsA. Method: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients ≤19 years of age from the United States with PsO and PsA using a pooled deidentified health-care system database. Comorbidities of interest included diabetes mellitus (DM), HTN, IBD, and obesity. The χ2 test and odds ratio (OR) were calculated. Results: A total of 6470 patients ≤19 years of age with PsO and 520 with PsA were identified. Both cohorts were largely Caucasian; PsA had a female predominance. Almost half of those with PsO and PsA were obese. There was a statistical difference between PsA and PsO and the general population in regard to DM, HTN, and IBD ( P < 0.01). Childhood and adolescent PsA was associated with DM, HTN, and obesity compared to PsO (OR: 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-4.12, OR: 5.60, 95% CI: 3.61-8.67, OR: 1.31 95% CI: 0.95-1.35, OR: 2.91, 95% CI: 2.04-4.15), respectively. Conclusions: Metabolic comorbidities and IBD are pervasive in children and young adults with PsA and PsO. Diabetes mellitus and HTN were more prevalent in PsA than PsO, the converse found with IBD. Children and young adults diagnosed with psoriatic diseases are more likely to be obese than the general population.

scholarly journals Educational Attainment Better Reduces Disability for Non-Hispanic than Hispanic Americans

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severity Of Disability

Objectives: Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) refers to the weaker protective health effects of socioeconomic status (SES) for minorities, particularly educational attainment for racial and ethnic minorities, compared to the general population. This pattern has been documented among African-Americans compared to Whites, however, we know very little about MDRs for educational attainment on disability among Hispanics compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Aims: This cross-sectional study explored ethnic variation in the effects of educational attainment on severity of disability in the United States of America (USA). Materials and Methods: The 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) was a national survey of the general population in the USA. The total sample was 1021 American adults that reported some disability. Of the 1021 participants, 855 identified as Non-Hispanic and 165 identified as Hispanic. The independent variable was educational attainment. The main outcome was severity of disability measured using self-reported data. Age, gender, and race were covariates. Ethnicity was the effect modifier. Results: Among individuals with a disability, higher levels of educational attainment were associated with fewer disabilities, independent of all confounders. When ethnicity and educational attainment were interacted on severity of disability, the results indicated a smaller protective effect for Hispanics than for Non-Hispanics with a disability. Ethnicity-stratified models showed an effect for Non-Hispanics but not for Hispanics. Conclusions: The protective effects of educational attainment against severity of disability are smaller for Hispanics than for Non-Hispanics. To prevent health disparities, there is a need to minimize MDRs of SES for ethnic minorities. To do so, there is a need for innovative economic, public, and social policies that are not limited to equalizing educational attainment but that also help minorities leverage their resources and gain tangible outcomes.

Discrimination and Sleep among Asians and Pacific Islanders Adults

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Townsend Ogbenna ◽  
Soomin Ryu ◽  
Sunmin Lee ◽  
Natalie Slopen
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Sleep Difficulty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Discrimination

Abstract Study Objectives To examine the association between discrimination and sleep duration and difficulty among Asians and Pacific Islanders (APIs) in the United States, and to test nativity and ethnic identity (EI) as effect modifiers. Methods This cross-sectional study of 1,765 adults from the National Epidemiology Study of Alcohol and Related Conditions III, assessed discrimination using the Experiences of Discrimination scale. Discrimimation was classified as low, moderate, and high. Regression models were used to examine self-reported sleep duration and difficulty. Results In bivariate analyses, individuals with high discrimination had the shortest sleep and reported sleep difficulty most often. Using linear models adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics, moderate and high discrimination were associated with 9 minutes (standard error [SE]: 4.8, p &lt;0.10) and 14.4 minutes (SE: 6.0, p &lt;0.05) less sleep, respectively, relative to low discrimination. Individuals with moderate and high discrimination had higher prevalence of sleep difficulty compared to those with low discrimination (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.99 and PR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.33-2.24, respectively). Interaction effect was observed in sleep difficulty by nativity and EI, but not duration. The association between discrimination and sleep difficulty was stronger among US-born relative to foreign-born participants. Among participants with low EI, moderate and high discrimination were associated with sleep difficulty, whereas among those with high EI, only high discrimination displayed this association. Conclusions Discrimination is associated with sleep duration and difficulty, and varies by nativity and EI. Research is needed to improve sleep among APIs that experience discrimination.[

scholarly journals Sex Discordance and Risk of Breast Cancer, A Twin Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livingstone Aduse-Poku ◽  
Shayesteh Jahanfar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
The Usa

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to perform an analysis of the relationship between sex discordance and risk of breast cancer in female twins in the United States.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 14,462 female twins was conducted using data from Washington State Twin Registry (WSTR) in the USA. The variables collected included, BMI, age, race and zygosity. This study used Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) modeling to determine the relationships between twin pairs and variables of interest such as breast cancer and sex concordance. Zygosity, BMI, age and race were used for adjustment. Proband wise concordance was done to ascertain the heritability of breast cancer in twins.ResultsBeing a female-female twin pair increased the odds of breast cancer by 34% (95%CI: 1.18-1.53). After adjusting for zygosity, age, BMI, race, and childbirth, the odds of breast decreased by 31% in female-female twin pairs [AOR (95%CI):0.69 (0.53-0.90)]. The proband wise concordance was higher in monozygotic twins as compared to dizygotic twins. The values for dizygotic and monozygotic twins were 4 and 17 respectively.ConclusionThe findings of the study show that there is a positive association between sex concordance and breast cancer in female twins though other factors such as zygosity, BMI and age can influence breast cancer diagnosis. From our study, the proband wise concordance for monozygotic twins was higher than that of dizygotic twins. Breast cancer is therefore considered heritable.

scholarly journals College Students’ Knowledge of Risk Factors Related to Cardiovascular Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Christine Andrew ◽  
Deborah Hiles-Gaddy ◽  
Mikayla Lauren MacRitchie ◽  
Sam Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a prevalent health issue, accounting for a large proportion of deaths worldwide. Despite the high prevalence of this potentially detrimental condition, many college students are not fully aware of its contributing risk factors. The purpose of the current study was to determine college students’ knowledge of risk factors related to CVD. Methods: This was a quantitative, cross-sectional study with a descriptive design. A survey with 5 demographic questions and 20 Likert-type statements was administered to 118 students in a Midwestern college in the United States. Results: The majority of the students displayed knowledge of risk factors such as smoking tobacco, inactive lifestyle, hypertension, low intake of fruits and vegetables, elevated cholesterol levels, high dietary sodium and obesity. However, a knowledge deficit existed regarding gender and ethnicity, which are non-modifiable risk factors, albeit important considerations.Conclusions: Although students appeared knowledgeable about areas such as cholesterol in cardiovascular health, further education could be beneficial to improve this knowledge base.

scholarly journals Nonlinear association between blood lead and hyperhomocysteinemia among adults in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghui Li ◽  
Lihua Hu ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Lingjuan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Evidence regarding the association between blood lead levels (BLL) and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in US adults was limited. We aimed to investigate the association of BLL with the risk of HHcy, and to examine possible effect modifiers using US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. We performed a cross-sectional study using data from up to 9,331 participants aged ≥ 20 years of NHANES from 2001 to 2006. BLL was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. HHcy was defined as plasma homocysteine level > 15 µmol/L. The weighted prevalence of HHcy was 6.87%. The overall mean BLL was 1.9 μg/dL. Overall, there was a nonlinear positive association between Ln-transformed BLL (LnBLL) and the risk of HHcy. The Odds ratios (95% CI) for participants in the second (0.04–0.49 μg/dL), third (0.5–0.95 μg/dL) and fourth quartiles (> 0.95 μg/dL) were 1.12 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.76), 1.13 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.77), and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.61), respectively, compared with those in quartile 1. Consistently, a significantly higher risk of HHcy (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.88) was found in participants in quartile 4 compared with those in quartiles 1–3. Furthermore, a strongly positive association between LnBLL and HHcy was observed in participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min−1/1.73 m−2. Our results suggested that a higher level of BLL (LnBLL > 0.95 μg/dL) was associated with increased risk of HHcy compared with a lower level of BLL (LnBLL ≤ 0.95 μg/dL) among U.S. adults, and the association was modified by the eGFR.

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