scholarly journals Effects of China's Ecological Restoration on Economic Development Based on Night-Time Light and NDVI Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Xueyi Shi ◽  
Qing Qing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Night Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Night Lights ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Correctly understanding and handling the relationship between economic development and environment protection is an eternal subject for human society. Based on the panel data of 31 provincial administrative units in China from 2000 to 2013, this study used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Night-Time Light data to characterize the effect of ecological restoration practices and economic development respectively, and made an empirical study on the impact of ecological restoration on economic development by means of trend analysis, panel regression model and sub-sample analysis. The results showed that the spatial distribution of Night-Time Light was high in the east and low in the west, and the NDVI in the northwest of the Hu Line was generally low, while the southeast was higher. During the 14 years from 2000 to 2013, the overall vegetation coverage showed an upward trend, and the area with stable night lights accounted for the largest proportion. The influence of NDVI on Night-Time Light presented an inverted U-shaped relationship, which meant that the negative influence of the former on the latter was not an inevitable result but its periodic performance. In the process of economic development, there was an optimal value of vegetation coverage. The increase in vegetation coverage had a negative impact on the economic development of the eastern region, but it was beneficial to the central and western regions. In the future, the government should strengthen protection and restoration of ecosystem, promote high-level protection of environment and high-quality development with efficient environmental and economic policies, and differentiate the relationship between development and ecology in the eastern, central and western regions.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Environmental Regulations and Green Economic Efficiency: A Study Based on the Provinces in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Gongli Luo ◽  
Xiaotong Wang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yanlu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
National Level ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between environmental regulations (ER) and green economic efficiency (GEE) based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2017. Firstly, GEE was calculated and evaluated using the super-efficiency SBM model with undesirable outputs. Secondly, the impact of ER on GEE was studied with the Tobit model. Finally, this article draws conclusions based on the above analysis and offers some suggestions for government and enterprise. The results show that the GEE of China is generally low. The GEE of the eastern region is much higher than that of the middle and western regions, with the western region performing slightly better than the middle. From west to east, there is a V shape, with high efficiency in the west and east and low efficiency in the middle. The impact of ER on GEE has the characteristics of nonlinearity and spatial heterogeneity. At the national level, as well as in the middle and western regions, the impact of ER on GEE shows an inverted U shape that first rises and then falls. ER are currently within the range conducive to the development of GEE. If the intensity of ER exceeds the critical value, they will have a negative impact on GEE. In the eastern region, the impact of ER on GEE is shown as a U shape that first falls and then rises. At present, the ER are not of sufficient intensity to contribute to the improvement of GEE. Only when the intensity of the ER exceeds the critical value will they have a positive influence on the GEE.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Education and Economic Development Based on PVAR Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zhenzi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Theoretical Relationship ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In order to effectively analyze the dynamic relationship between education and economic development, an empirical study on the relationship between education and economic development based on the PVAR model is proposed. This article expounds on the principles, assumptions, identification, and estimation methods of the PVAR model, takes the education level and economic development level as the research object, explains the corresponding variables, and selects the indicators. Using Cobb–Douglas production function as a theoretical model, this article analyzes the theoretical relationship between the education level and economic development level. Based on this theoretical relationship, this article makes an empirical analysis on the relationship between education level and economic development level using the PVAR model. The results show that, on the whole, economic development can drive the development of education, but there are obvious regional differences in the impact of economic growth on the development of education. The impact of economic growth in the eastern region on education is significantly higher than that in the central and western regions. There is an interactive relationship between education level and economic development level, and there is a certain incubation period for education level and economic development level to play their role.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic and Quality of Life among Romanian Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4065
Author(s):  
Germina-Alina Cosma ◽  
Alina Chiracu ◽  
Amalia Raluca Stepan ◽  
Marian Alexandru Cosma ◽  
Marian Costin Nanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Personality Item ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to analyze athletes’ quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved 249 athletes between 15 and 35 of age, M = 21.22, SD = 5.12. The sample was composed of eight Olympic Games medalists, three European medalists, 67 international medalists, and 63 national medalists. The instruments used were: (1) COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, (2) Athlete Quality of Life Scale, (3) Impact of Pandemic on Athletes Questionnaire, and (4) International Personality Item Pool (IPIP Anxiety, Depression, and Vulnerability Scales). The results indicate significant differences in COVID-19 anxiety depending on the sport practiced, F (9239) = 3.81, p < 0.01, showing that there were significant differences between sports. The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic mediates the relationship between trait anxiety and the athletes’ quality of life. The percentage of mediation was 33.9%, and the indirect effect was −0.11, CI 95% (−0.18, −0.03), Z = −2.82, p < 0.01. Trait anxiety has an increasing effect on the intensity of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, 0.23, CI 95% (.10, 0.35), Z = 3.56, p < 0.01, and the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has a decreasing effect on quality of life, −0.47, CI 95% (−0.67, −0.27), Z = −4.62, p < 0.01. Gender and age did not moderate the relationship between the negative impact of COVID-19 and athletes’ quality of life. The results of the study highlighted the impact that social isolation and quarantine have on athletes’ affective well-being.

Effect of international labor mobility on social-economic development of countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
E.I. Huseinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Social Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

The goal of the research is the specification of the effect of international mobility of labor resources on the social-economic development of a country, as well as the impact on the GDP volume. The main purpose set in the investigation is the study of international experience of the problem solution. Another goal of the research work is the international mobility of labor resources in conditions of national economy. The methods of analysis, grouping and analogy were used in the investigation. In the research work carried out by the author, the properties of international mobility of labor resources were commented, the factors and reasons of their occurrence specified as well. The analysis has been conducted and the system of effect mobility of labor resources on GDP growth in some countries and their impact on the state of labor market developed. Due to the research surveys, the reasons for development of international mobility of labor resources and direction of labor migration streams in Azerbaijan have been identified. The impact of international mobility of labor resources on social-economic development has been evaluated. Positive and negative impact of international mobility of labor resources on social-economic development of Azerbaijan, as well as setting measures on migrant admission as contributing country in case of negative effect have been specified in the innovation of research. Practical significance of the investigation lies in the regulation of international mobility of labor resources, introduction with experience of difference countries by the system of statistical figures and formation of their resources, grouping and using the data for problem solution in our country.

Inequality Overhang: A Heterogeneous Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-133
Author(s):  
Francesco Grigoli ◽  
Adrian Robles
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Debt Overhang ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Income Concentration

The linearity of the relationship between income inequality and economic development has been long questioned. While theory provides arguments for which the shape of the relationship may be positive for low levels of inequality and negative for high ones, most of the empirical literature assumes a linear specification finding conflicting results. Employing an innovative empirical approach, robust to endogeneity, we find pervasive evidence of nonlinearities. In particular, similar to the debt-overhang literature, we identify an inequality-overhang level, in that the slope of the relationship between income inequality and economic development switches from positive to negative at a net Gini coefficient of about 27 per cent. We also find that in an environment characterized by widespread financial inclusion and high income concentration, rising income inequality has a larger negative impact on economic development because banks may curtail credit to customers at the lower end of the income distribution. On the positive side, a sufficiently high female labor participation can act as a shock absorber reducing such a negative impact, possibly through a more efficient allocation of resources.

Financial and social efficiency analysis of Islamic microfinance institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Fersi ◽  
Mouna Bougelbène
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Islamic Microfinance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of credit risk-taking on financial and social efficiency and examine the relationship between credit risk, capital structure and efficiency in the context of Islamic microfinance institutions (MFIs) compared to their conventional counterparts.Design/methodology/approachThe stochastic frontier approach was used to estimate the financial and social efficiency scores, in a first step. In a second step, the impact of risk-taking on efficiency was evaluated. The authors also took into account the moderating role of capital structure in this effect using the fixed and random effects generalized least squares (GLS) with a first-order autoregressive disturbance. The used dataset covers 326 conventional MFIs and 57 Islamic MFIs in six different regions of the world over the period of 2005–2015.FindingsThe overall average efficiency scores are less than 50%, where CMFIs could have produced their outputs using 48% of their actual inputs. IMFIs record the lowest financial (cost) efficiency that is equal to 28% on average. The estimation results also reveal a negative impact of nonperforming loan on financial and social efficiency. Finally, the moderating effect of leverage funding on the relationship between credit risk-taking and financial efficiency was confirmed in CMFIs. However, leverage seems to moderate the effect of risk-taking behavior on social efficiency for IMFIs.Originality/valueThis paper makes an initial attempt to evaluate the effect of risk-taking decision and its implication on efficiency and MFIs' sustainability. Besides, it takes into consideration the role played by the mode of governance through the ownership structure. In addition, this research study sheds light on the importance of the financial support for the development and sustainability of these institutions, which in return, contributes to a sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals Taxing impact of terrorism on global economic openness of developed and developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-335
Author(s):  
Abubakr Saeed ◽  
Yuhua Ding ◽  
Shawkat Hammoudeh ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between terrorism and economic openness that takes into account both the number and intensity of terrorist incidents and the impact of government military expenditures on trade-GDP and foreign direct investment-GDP ratios for both developed and developing countries. It uses the dynamic GMM method to account for endogeneity in the variables. Deaths caused by terrorism have a significant negative impact on FDI flows, and the number of terrorist attacks is also found to be significant in hampering the countries’ ability to trade with other nations. The study also demonstrates that the developing countries exhibit almost similar results to our main analysis. The developed countries exhibit a negative impact of terrorism, but the regression results are not significant.

The impact of the German frontier on the economic development of the countryside of Roman Gaul

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 131-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Reddé
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
European Programme ◽  
Population Numbers

In a series of studies about settlement density in the Rhine area from protohistoric to modern times, K.-P. Wendt and A. Zimmermann try their hand at the difficult task of evaluating the palaeodemography of a region. Their task is all the more complex because these are times and spaces for which written sources are lacking, as a result of which reasoning relies very broadly on interpretation of the archaeological record. The two researchers also attempt to characterize the density of rural settlements and their spatial distribution. I shall not dally on the methods employed, which involve quite complex statistics and geomatics (anyway, they lie outside my area of scientific competence), and shall take the figures at face value, even if I might question some of them. I shall contemplate the economic impact of population growth on the countryside of Gaul in Imperial times. It is a subject that has often been addressed, but one which I intend to reconsider in the context of a European programme on this issue. The relationship between population numbers, agricultural yield, gross domestic product and taxation has certainly been one key to our understanding of the Roman economy ever since the model suggested by K. Hopkins. Here, however, I do not wish to proceed in terms of theory, but intend to review critically the archaeological sources, which, for want of written evidence, are our mainspring for evaluating the key components of economic development on the regional scale of NE Gaul.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TAX GAPS ON THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Tiutiunyk ◽  
Julia Belous
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
The Impact

Trends in the development of the main components of financial and economic security of the country indicate their significant variability and dependence on a combination of internal and external factors. An important place among the drivers of influence on the level of financial and economic security is occupied by tax revenues. Given the prolonged national and transnational market turbulence, which is observed in most sectors of the economy, one of the biggest threats to the financial and economic security of most countries is the presence of a significant volume of shadow operations. The consequences of their implementation are the lack of tax revenues in the budget and the reduction of the country's financial viability in financing economic development programs. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of tax gaps on the level of financial and economic security of the country. In the paper, the essence of the financial and economic security of the country, which is proposed to be understood as a complex concept, integrates the features of economic and financial development of the economic system. Based on the systematization of scientific literatures, the main tasks and functions of financial and economic security of the country including realization of goals and objectives of financial policy and formation of favorable conditions for economically sustainable development and growth, highlights the characteristics of this concept are substantiated. The paper identifies three characteristic features of the financial and economic security of the country: as an indicator of its ability to protect the interests of society in a volatile external and internal environment; economically sustainable development and growth; leveling threats to the internal and external environment. The role of tax gaps in reducing the level of financial and economic security of the country is substantiated, the probability of formation of tax gaps in the economy is predicted, measures to minimize tax evasion as components of increasing its financial and economic security are proposed. The established interdependencies should serve as a basis for the transformation of state economic and financial policy in Ukraine in terms of minimizing the negative impact of the shadow sector of the economy on the indicators of economic development of the state.

scholarly journals Cultural and Social Diversity as an Economic Resource

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Damian S. Pyrkosz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Social Diversity ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
The Relationship

The paper seeks to identify the role of cultural and social diversity in economic development. It starts by defining the terms that are critical to the analysis, including diversity, fractionalization, polarization, social diversity, cultural diversity and economic resources, as well as providing the most significant indexes thereof. The main body of the paper interprets the notions of cultural and social diversity in terms of being a valuable economic resource. Furthermore, it collects a vast body of literature to demonstrate the relationship between the cultural/social diversity and economic development with regard to adverse or positive impact on the latter. In regard to the negative impact of diversity, the paper identifies it in the area of social communication, social capital and networks, as it effectively causes a decrease in productivity and increase in social conflict and isolation. The positive link is demonstrated with examples in the areas of innovation, creativity, usage of complementary abilities and experiences, and their role in increasing productivity. The paper refers to numerous data sources, studies and indexes illustrating how the economic systems of various countries perform in the context of the paper’s subject-matter.

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