scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in Gut Microbiota Composition: Comparative Analysis of Siberian Musk Deer (Moschus moschiferus) and Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Su ◽  
Myagmarsuren Erdenedalai ◽  
Menggen Dalai ◽  
L Batkhuu ◽  
Chimedragchaa Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Musk Deer ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Musk deer is famous for its secretion of musk, but due to various factors that the musk deer population has dropped sharply and it is difficult to expand herd sizes. In light of the rapid development of agriculture and technology, as well as the urgent need for wildlife conservation, research on the gut microbiota of musk deer is warranted. The gut microbiota impacts host health is shaped by dietary, environmental, and host factors.Results: We studied the gut microbiota in Siberian musk and Forest musk deer using high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Fecal samples were collected during two seasons to determine associations between community diversity, composition, and seasonal factors. The results show that the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla in both species, their relative abundance was significantly different with species and seasonal factors. The Siberian musk deer population sampled in this study had a wider feeding range and no dietary limitations. Affected by the richness and type of food sources, the microbial α-diversity is higher in summer than winter. In the siberian musk deer have only Tenericutes significant difference with the season change. Conclusions:The gut bacterial composition of these two musk deer is significantly different, and the abundance of core bacteria is affected by seasonal factors. This study is the first to analyze the composition of the gut microflora in Siberian musk deer, and these results provide a foundation for improving feeding for musk deer populations and further studies investigating the environmental impact of musk deer.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in Gut Microbiota Composition: Comparative Analysis of Siberian Musk Deer (Moschus moschiferus) and Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Su ◽  
Myagmarsuren Erdenedalai ◽  
Menggen Dalai ◽  
L Batkhuu ◽  
Chimedragchaa Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Musk Deer ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Α Diversity

Abstract Background: Musk deer is famous for its secretion of musk, but due to various factors that the musk deer population has dropped sharply and it is difficult to expand herd sizes.In light of the rapid development of animal husbandry and scientific technology, as well as the urgent need for wildlife conservation, research on the gut microbiota of musk deer is warranted. The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that is regulated by many factors, such as dietary, environmental, host factors, and seasonal changes. Results: We studied the gut microbiota in Siberian and Forest musk deer using high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Fecal samples were collected during two seasons to determine associations between community diversity, composition, and seasonal factors. The results showed that the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla in Siberian and Forest musk deer , their relative abundance was significantly different with species and seasonal factors. The Siberian musk deer population sampled in this study had a wider feeding range and no dietary limitations. Affected by the type of food sources and the feed intake , the microbial α-diversity is higher in summer than winter. Conclusions: The gut bacterial composition of these two musk deer is significantly different, and the abundance between core bacteria is affected by seasonal factors. This study is the first to analyze the composition of the gut microflora in Siberian musk deer, and these results provide a foundation for improving feeding for musk deer populations and further studies investigating the environmental impact of musk deer.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Korean Navy Trainees following a Healthy Lifestyle Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1265
Author(s):  
YeonGyun Jung ◽  
Setu Bazie Tagele ◽  
HyunWoo Son ◽  
Jerald Conrad Ibal ◽  
Dorsaf Kerfahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference

Environmental factors can influence the composition of gut microbiota, but understanding the combined effect of lifestyle factors on adult gut microbiota is limited. Here, we investigated whether changes in the modifiable lifestyle factors, such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, physical exercise, and body mass index affected the gut microbiota of Korean navy trainees. The navy trainees were instructed to stop smoking and alcohol consumption and follow a sleep schedule and physical exercise regime for eight weeks. For comparison, healthy Korean civilians, who had no significant change in lifestyles for eight weeks were included in this study. A total of 208 fecal samples were collected from navy trainees (n = 66) and civilians (n = 38) at baseline and week eight. Gut flora was assessed by sequencing the highly variable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The α-and β -diversity of gut flora of both the test and control groups were not significantly changed after eight weeks. However, there was a significant difference among individuals. Smoking had a significant impact in altering α-diversity. Our study showed that a healthy lifestyle, particularly cessation of smoking, even in short periods, can affect the gut microbiome by enhancing the abundance of beneficial taxa and reducing that of harmful taxa.

scholarly journals Abnormalities in Gut Microbiota and Metabolism in Patients With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Wanyu Yi ◽  
Liting He ◽  
Shuaihantian Luo ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis of allergy and autoimmunity. The association between abnormalities in the gut microbiota and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) remains largely undefined.MethodsFecal samples were obtained from 39 patients with CSU and 40 healthy controls (HCs). 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing (39 patients with CSU and 40 HCs) and untargeted metabolomics (12 patients with CSU and 12 HCs) were performed to analyze the compositional and metabolic alterations of the gut microbiome in CSU patients and HCs.ResultsThe 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed a significant difference in the β-diversity of the gut microbiota, presented as the Jaccard distance, between CSU patients and HCs. No significant differences were found in the α-diversity of the gut microbiota between patients and HCs. At the phylum level, the major bacteria in the gut microbiome of patients with CSU were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, and Lachnobacterium were significantly increased and Phascolarctobacterium was decreased in patients with CSU. PICRUSt and correlation analysis indicated that Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, and Phascolarctobacterium were positively related to G protein-coupled receptors. Metabolomic analysis showed that α-mangostin and glycyrrhizic acid were upregulated and that 3-indolepropionic acid, xanthine, and isobutyric acid were downregulated in patients with CSU. Correlation analysis between the intestinal microbiota and metabolites suggested that there was a positive correlation between Lachnobacterium and α-mangostin.ConclusionsThis study suggests that disturbances in the gut microbiome composition and metabolites and their crosstalk or interaction may participate in the pathogenesis of CSU.

scholarly journals Diversity, Composition and Functional Inference of Gut Microbiota in Indian Cabbage white Pieris canidia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jianqing Zhu ◽  
Jie Fang ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Shuojia Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Inference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Insect Fitness

We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of Pieris canidia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on P. canidia bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in P. canidia. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in P. canidia.

scholarly journals A Combined Analysis of Gut and Skin Microbiota in Infants with Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Ewa Łoś-Rycharska ◽  
Marcin Gołębiewski ◽  
Marcin Sikora ◽  
Tomasz Grzybowski ◽  
Marta Gorzkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Α Diversity

The gut microbiota in patients with food allergy, and the skin microbiota in atopic dermatitis patients differ from those of healthy people. We hypothesize that relationships may exist between gut and skin microbiota in patients with allergies. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between gut and skin microbiota in patients with allergies, hence simultaneous analysis of the two compartments of microbiota was performed in infants with and without allergic symptoms. Fifty-nine infants with food allergy and/or atopic dermatitis and 28 healthy children were enrolled in the study. The skin and gut microbiota were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. No significant differences in the α-diversity of dermal or fecal microbiota were observed between allergic and non-allergic infants; however, a significant relationship was found between bacterial community structure and allergy phenotypes, especially in the fecal samples. Certain clinical conditions were associated with characteristic bacterial taxa in the skin and gut microbiota. Positive correlations were found between skin and fecal samples in the abundance of Gemella among allergic infants, and Lactobacillus and Bacteroides among healthy infants. Although infants with allergies and healthy infants demonstrate microbiota with similar α-diversity, some differences in β-diversity and bacterial species abundance can be seen, which may depend on the phenotype of the allergy. For some organisms, their abundance in skin and feces samples may be correlated, and these correlations might serve as indicators of the host’s allergic state.

scholarly journals Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise Affects the Exercise Performance and Gut Microbiota of Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqian Yang ◽  
Yuqian Liu ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Binglin Meng ◽  
Zhicheng Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Significant Difference

The gut microbiota is closely associated with the health of the host and is affected by many factors, including exercise. In this study, we compared the gut microbial changes and exercise performance over a 14-week period in mice that performed exercise (NE; n = 15) and mice that did not perform exercise (NC; n = 15). Mice were subjected to stool collection and exercise tests one week prior to adaptive training and after 2, 6, 10, and 14 weeks of exercise. Bacteria associated with the stool samples were assessed via Illumina-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing. While there was no significant difference in body weight between the groups (p > 0.05), the NE group had a significantly higher exercise performance from weeks 2–14 (p < 0.01) and lower fat coefficient (p < 0.01) compared with the NC group. The Shannon index of the gut microbiota in the NC group was higher than that in the NE group at weeks 6 and 10, and the Chao1 index was higher than that in the NE group at week 14. Exercise performance positively correlated with the relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium. Grouped time series data analysis demonstrated that Bifidobacteria, Coprococcus, and one unnamed genus in the Clostridiales order were significantly increased in the NE group, which correlated with increased glucose, flavonoid, arginine, and proline metabolism. In conclusion, moderate-intensity treadmill exercise significantly increased the exercise performance of mice and changed the core bacteria and bacterial metabolic activity. These results provide a reference for studying the effects of exercise intervention and exercise performance on the gut microbiota of mice.

scholarly journals Deciphering Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Corresponding Genetic and Metabolic Dysregulation in Psoriasis Patients Using Metagenomics Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiju Xiao ◽  
Guangzhong Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Jiang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xiaoxu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

BackgroundIncreasing evidence has shown that alterations in the intestinal microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The existing relevant studies focus on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, but in-depth research on gene functions and comprehensive identification of microbiota is lacking.ObjectivesTo comprehensively identify characteristic gut microbial compositions, genetic functions and relative metabolites of patients with psoriasis and to reveal the potential pathogenesis of psoriasis.MethodsDNA was extracted from the faecal microbiota of 30 psoriatic patients and 15 healthy subjects, and metagenomics sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, cluster of orthologous groups (COG) annotations, and metabolic analyses were used to indicate relative target genes and pathways to reveal the pathogenesis of psoriasis.ResultsCompared with healthy individuals, the gut microbiota of psoriasis patients displayed an alteration in microbial taxa distribution, but no significant difference in microbial diversity. A distinct gut microbial composition in patients with psoriasis was observed, with an increased abundance of the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia and genera Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Megamonas and Roseburia and a decreased abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota and Proteobacteria and genera Prevotella, Alistipes, and Eubacterium. A total of 134 COGs were predicted with functional analysis, and 15 KEGG pathways, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, WNT signaling, apoptosis, bacterial secretion system, and phosphotransferase system, were significantly enriched in psoriasis patients. Five metabolites, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), isovalerate, isobutyrate, hyaluronan and hemicellulose, were significantly dysregulated in the psoriatic cohort. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota, enriched pathways and dysregulated metabolites are relevant to immune and inflammatory response, apoptosis, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, gut-brain axis and brain-skin axis that play important roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.ConclusionsA clear dysbiosis was displayed in the gut microbiota profile, genetic functions and relative metabolites of psoriasis patients. This study is beneficial for further understanding the inflammatory pathogenesis of psoriasis and could be used to develop microbiome-based predictions and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals The effects of gestational age on the composition and predicted function of gut microbiota in neonates and early infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-573
Author(s):  
Kaiyu Pan ◽  
Lianfang Yu ◽  
Chengyue Zhang ◽  
Jianhua Zhan ◽  
Rongliang Tu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Predicted Function

Gut microbiota can influence cell differentiation, metabolism, and immune function and is key for the normal development and future health of early infants. Several factors have been reported to be related to the microbiota composition of neonates, such as gestational age, delivery mode, feeding method, antibiotics consumption, and ethnicity, among others. So we investigated the relationship between gestational age and the composition and predicted function of the gut microbiota of neonates and early infants by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene present in stool samples obtained from 100 prospectively enrolled full-term and preterm newborns. In the 3-day-old neonates samples, the prominent genera in the full-term group were Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides, while in the preterm group, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia-Shigella and Clostridium were the most abundant genera identified. There were statistical difference between two groups(P<0.05). Moreover, the predominant genera in the full-term group were Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Clostridium , whereas the main genera in the preterm group were Escherichia-Shigella, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, in stool samples from 30-42-day-old infants. We found the α-diversity in 3-day-old group was significantly lower than in the 30-42-day-old group whether it’s full-term or preterm (P<0.001). Functional inference analysis revealed higher levels of biodegradation and metabolism of carbohydrates, vitamins in the full-term group than in the preterm group, both in neonates and early infants, which may contribute to the stability of the microbiota in the full-term group. There were significant differences in the composition and predicted function of the gut microbiota of early infants due to gestational age. The 16S sequencing technology was an effective and reliable tool in the detection of gut microbiota in early infants.

scholarly journals Gut bacterial microbiota in patients with myasthenia gravis: results from the MYBIOM study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628642110356
Author(s):  
Andreas Totzeck ◽  
Elakiya Ramakrishnan ◽  
Melina Schlag ◽  
Benjamin Stolte ◽  
Kathrin Kizina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease, with gut microbiota considered to be a pathogenetic factor. Previous pilot studies have found differences in the gut microbiota of patients with MG and healthy individuals. To determine whether gut microbiota has a pathogenetic role in MG, we compared the gut microbiota of patients with MG with that of patients with non-inflammatory and inflammatory neurological disorders of the peripheral nervous system (primary endpoint) and healthy volunteers (secondary endpoint). Methods: Faecal samples were collected from patients with MG ( n = 41), non-inflammatory neurological disorder (NIND, n = 18), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP, n = 6) and healthy volunteers ( n = 12). DNA was isolated from these samples, and the variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced and statistically analysed. Results: No differences were found in alpha- and beta-diversity indices computed between the MG, NIND and CIDP groups, indicating an unaltered bacterial diversity and structure of the microbial community. However, the alpha-diversity indices, namely Shannon, Chao 1 and abundance-based coverage estimators, were significantly reduced between the MG group and healthy volunteers. Deltaproteobacteria and Faecalibacterium were abundant within the faecal microbiota of patients with MG compared with controls with non-inflammatory diseases. Conclusion: Although the overall diversity and structure of the gut microbiota did not differ between the MG, NIND and CIDP groups, the significant difference in the abundance of Deltaproteobacteria and Faecalibacterium supports the possible role of gut microbiota as a contributor to pathogenesis of MG. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to develop possible treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Microbial signature in IgE-mediated food allergies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Goldberg ◽  
Hadar Mor ◽  
Dafna Magid Neriya ◽  
Faiga Magzal ◽  
Efrat Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Multiple studies suggest a key role for gut microbiota in IgE-mediated food allergy (FA) development, but to date, none has studied it in the persistent state. Methods To characterize the gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) profiles associated with major food allergy groups, we recruited 233 patients with FA including milk (N = 66), sesame (N = 38), peanut (N = 71), and tree nuts (N = 58), and non-allergic controls (N = 58). DNA was isolated from fecal samples, and 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed. SCFAs in stool were analyzed from patients with a single allergy (N = 84) and controls (N = 31). Results The gut microbiota composition of allergic patients was significantly different compared to age-matched controls both in α-diversity and β-diversity. Distinct microbial signatures were noted for FA to different foods. Prevotella copri (P. copri) was the most overrepresented species in non-allergic controls. SCFAs levels were significantly higher in the non-allergic compared to the FA groups, whereas P. copri significantly correlated with all three SCFAs. We used these microbial differences to distinguish between FA patients and non-allergic healthy controls with an area under the curve of 0.90, and for the classification of FA patients according to their FA types using a supervised learning algorithm. Bacteroides and P. copri were identified as taxa potentially contributing to KEGG acetate-related pathways enriched in non-allergic compared to FA. In addition, overall pathway dissimilarities were found among different FAs. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a link between IgE-mediated FA and the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota.

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