scholarly journals Impacts of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on Workplace Presenteeism: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Young Lee ◽  
Jinhwa Lee ◽  
Min Kwon
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Presenteeism refers to the practice of going to work despite poor health, resulting in subpar performance. The problems caused by smoking and drinking alcohol while on company premises have received limited attention despite their health hazards, which are linked to sick leave, occupational injuries, and reduced productivity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of smoking and alcohol drinking on presenteeism. Methods: The study participants were 60,051 wage workers from the database of the second and third Korean Working Conditions Surveys (KWCS) in 2010 and 2011 , respectively. A total of 41,672 workers aged 19 and over who had worked for at least one hour in the previous week answered the survey questions. Chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS 18.0 to determine the impacts of smoking and drinking alcohol on presenteeism. Results: Of the 41,672 Korean workers, 8565 (20.6%) had experienced presenteeism in the past 12 months. Presenteeism was higher among women; the elderly; people with low educational status; people with low income; people with 5-11 days absenteeism; people with more working time; people with health problems; heavy smokers; and high-risk alcohol drinkers than other participants. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, heavy smoking (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI [1.56, 2.82]) and high-risk drinking of alcohol (AOR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.10, 1.31]) were significantly related to presenteeism among workers.Conclusions: Smoking and alcohol drinking are associated with and potentially influence presenteeism; therefore, interventions for employees, and for the general public, may improve workplace productivity and reduce accidents. Companies that encourage employees to receive treatments for reduction of smoking or alcohol consumption may benefit from greater productivity. Hence, we should consider the impact of smoking and alcohol in the workplace and build appropriate strategies and implementation programs to help reduce heavy smoking and high-risk alcohol drinking behaviors.

scholarly journals The Impact of Lifetime Alcohol and Cigarette Smoking Loads on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Progression: A Cross-Sectional Study

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Aliona Cucovici ◽  
Andrea Fontana ◽  
Andrei Ivashynka ◽  
Sergio Russo ◽  
Valentina Renna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Background—Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating and untreatable motor neuron disease; smoking and alcohol drinking may impact its progression rate. Objective—To ascertain the influence of smoking and alcohol consumption on ALS progression rates. Methods—Cross-sectional multicenter study, including 241 consecutive patients (145 males); mean age at onset was 59.9 ± 11.8 years. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption data were collected at recruitment through a validated questionnaire. Patients were categorized into three groups according to ΔFS (derived from the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised and disease duration from onset): slow (n = 81), intermediate (80), and fast progressors (80). Results—Current smokers accounted for 44 (18.3%) of the participants, former smokers accounted for 10 (4.1%), and non-smokers accounted for 187 (77.6%). The age of ALS onset was lower in current smokers than non-smokers, and the ΔFS was slightly, although not significantly, higher for smokers of >14 cigarettes/day. Current alcohol drinkers accounted for 147 (61.0%) of the participants, former drinkers accounted for 5 (2.1%), and non-drinkers accounted for 89 (36.9%). The log(ΔFS) was weakly correlated only with the duration of alcohol consumption (p = 0.028), but not with the mean number of drinks/day or the drink-years. Conclusions: This cross-sectional multicenter study suggested a possible minor role for smoking in worsening disease progression. A possible interaction with alcohol drinking was suggested.

Implication of alcohol consumption on aggregate wellbeing

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Parackal ◽  
Sherly Parackal
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Problematic Drinking ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Beta Coefficient ◽  
The Impact

Aims: The effects of drinking alcohol extend beyond the individuals concerned to the wider community. While there is recognition of such a global implication, currently no study has quantified the impact of alcohol consumption on aggregate wellbeing. This study aims to address this gap and attempts to investigate the impact of various levels of alcohol consumption on aggregate happiness. Methods: The study was carried out on a random selection of participants ( n = 1,817) drawn from the 3Di consumer panel, comprising over 170,000 New Zealanders aged 18 and above. Using a subjective happiness scale (SHS) in conjunction with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), investigation was carried out to find whether drinking behaviour affected aggregate happiness. Results: SHS and AUDIT scores were negatively correlated and the strength of the correlation increased with the intensity of problematic drinking. Regression analysis showed that the beta coefficient was positive for the low-risk (.074) and negative for the high-risk (−.081) category, suggesting approaches to intervene with the growing problem of alcohol consumption in modern societies. Conclusion: Measurements of happiness can explain the global implication of alcohol in wellbeing terms. The findings of this study indicated that low-risk drinkers affected aggregate happiness positively, whereas high-risk drinkers affected aggregate happiness negatively. While the latter observation is not new, the former raises the need to promote moderation in drinking alcohol for the common good of everyone.

scholarly journals Alcohol Quantity and Type on Risk of Gouty tophi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Han ◽  
Renze Li ◽  
Wei Ren ◽  
Jingyuan Pang ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Drinking History ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of drinking alcohol on tophi and its surrounding inflammation in the joints by ultrasound. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 356 gout patients and collected their information of drinking history, clinical biochemical parameters and ultrasound results. Multiple regression analyses including several variables and potential confounders were then performed. Results: Relative to no drinking, more alcohol intake (>200 g/week), longer drinking time (>20 years) and higher frequency of drinking (>2 times/week) had significant positive effects on the size of tophus after controlling for potential confounders (P=0.024; P=0.002; P=0.040). Further subgroup analysis of different ages illustrated that more alcohol consumption had positive effects on the size of tophi only in the younger gout patients (≤50 years old), rather than in older ones (>50 years old). However, alcohol consumption had no significant association with the formation and number of tophus, and the associations between type of drinking and tophi was not observed in the current study. Moreover, except for tophi, there was no relationship between alcohol consumption and other ultrasound signs including double-contour sign (DCS), bone erosion, effusion and synovial hypertrophy.Conclusion: Alcohol consumption is closely associated with ultrasound-detected tophi in gout patients. More alcohol intake, longer drinking time and higher frequency of drinking are crucial factors that positively affect the size of tophus, especially in younger gout patients. However, significant association between type of alcohol and tophi was not observed in the current study.

Welfare Reform and the Delivery of Welfare-to-Work Programs to AAPIs: What Works?

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Chow ◽  
Grace Yoo ◽  
Catherine Vu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Welfare To Work ◽  
Work Program ◽  
What Works ◽  
One Stop ◽  
The Impact

The passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) of 1996 has major implications for low-income Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) populations. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the research currently examining the impact of welfare reform on AAPI recipients and the welfare-to-work services available to this population. This article highlights AAPI participation and their timing-out rates in California’s CalWORKs program and their barriers to transitioning to work. Four welfare-to-work program models and recommendations are presented to illustrate strategies that can be used to address the unique needs of AAPI in order to alleviate their high risk for timing-out: one-stop-shops, transitional jobs programs, providing comprehensive and family focused services, and additional research and evaluation of programs specific to assisting the AAPI population on CalWORKs.

scholarly journals COVID-19 restrictions and changing sexual behaviours in HIV-negative MSM at high risk of HIV infection in London, UK

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054768
Author(s):  
Iain Hyndman ◽  
Diarmuid Nugent ◽  
Gary George Whitlock ◽  
Alan McOwan ◽  
Nicolò Girometti
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Hiv Negative

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions have affected attendance to and delivery of UK sexual healthcare services (SHS). We surveyed the impact on sexual behaviour of men having sex with men (MSM) to inform future SHS provision.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based survey among HIV-negative MSM at high risk of HIV infection who attended 56 Dean Street, a sexual health and HIV clinic. The survey was conducted over a 7-day period in August 2020. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviour and related mental well-being experienced during lockdown (defined as 23 March–30 June 2020) were extracted. Categorical and non-categorical variables were compared according to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use.Results814 MSM completed the questionnaire: 75% were PrEP users; 76% reported they have been sexually active, of which 76% reported sex outside their household. 75% reported fewer partners than prior to lockdown. Isolation/loneliness (48%) and anxiety/stress (27%) triggered sexual activity, and 73% had discussed COVID-19 transmission risks with their sexual partners. While 46% reported no change to emotions ordinarily experienced following sex, 20% reported guilt for breaching COVID-19 restrictions. 76% implemented one or more changes to their sexual behaviour, while 58% applied one or more steps to reduce COVID-19 transmission during sex. 36% accessed SHS and 30% reported difficulties in accessing testing/treatment. Of those who accessed SHS, 28% reported an STI diagnosis. PrEP users reported higher partner number, engagement in ‘chemsex’ and use of SHS than non-PrEP users.ConclusionsCOVID-19 restrictions had a considerable impact on sexual behaviour and mental well-being in our survey respondents. High rates of sexual activity and STI diagnoses were reported during lockdown. Changes to SHS provision for MSM must respond to high rates of psychological and STI-related morbidity and the challenges faced by this population in accessing services.

Do Hospitals with a Higher Level of Maternal Care Designation Have Better Maternal Outcomes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindhu Srinivas ◽  
Katy Kozhimannil ◽  
Peiyin Hung ◽  
Laura Attanasio ◽  
Judy Jou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Background A recent document by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine introduced the concept of uniform levels of maternal care (LMCs). Objective We assessed LMC across hospitals and measured their association with maternal morbidity, focusing on women with high-risk conditions. Study Design We collected data from hospitals from May to November 2015 and linked survey responses to Statewide Inpatient Databases (SID) hospital discharge data in a retrospective cross-sectional study of 247,383 births admitted to 236 hospitals. Generalized logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between hospitals' LMC and the risk of severe maternal morbidity. Stratified analyses were conducted among women with high-risk conditions. Results High-risk pregnancies were more likely to be managed in hospitals with higher LMC (p < 0.001). Women with cardiac conditions had lower odds of maternal morbidity when delivered in level I compared with level IV units (adjusted odds ratio: 0.29; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.99; p = 0.049). There were no other significant associations between the LMC and severe maternal morbidity. Conclusion A higher proportion of high-risk pregnancies were managed within level IV units, although there was no overall evidence that these births had superior outcomes. Further prospective evaluation of LMC designation with patient outcomes is necessary to determine the impact of regionalization on maternal outcomes.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pekerjaan dan Penghasilan dengan Konsumsi Minuman Keras pada Remaja di Ngemplak Seneng Manisrenggo Klaten Jawa Tengah

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Teguh Santoso ◽  
Falasifah Ani Yuniarti ◽  
Rossida Rossida
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Background: Alcohol consumption in the world at 2015 in the amount of 6.3 litter pure alcohol, the consumer average of age around above 15 years old. Drinking alcohol underage has impact on physical and mental disorders. Purpose: Knowing the relation between employment and income with alcohol consumption in adolescents at Ngemplak Seneng Manisrenggo Klaten Cental Java. Research method: This is a quantitative descriptive study with cross-sectional design. In this used total sampling, 35 subjects participating. Data obtained using question and analyzed by using Chi Square and multiple Regression. Result: Employment (31.4%), income (40.0%), and alcohol consumption (62.9%). From statistical analysis, employment with alcohol consumption shows the p value (0.011) and income with alcohol consumption (0.006). The result from employment and income with alcohol consumption shows the r value (0.819). Conclusion: There is a significant relation between employment and income with alcohol consumption in adolescents.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy Among Reproductive Women in West Gojjam Zone of Amhara Region: a Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyayu Kasseye Bayu ◽  
Getaneh Bizuayehu Demeke
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
West Gojjam

Abstract Background: The aims of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes of reproductive women (15-49) towards alcohol consumption during pregnancy in West Gojjam of Amhara region.Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was employed. The structured questionnaires were used to assess the knowledge and attitude of alcohol consumption among reproductive women during pregnancy. The sample size was calculated by using a single population proportion formula. Accordingly, the calculated sample size was 380 after adding 10% for non-response rate.Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regressions was employed. Adjusted Odds Ratios together with corresponding 95% confidence intervals was used to interpret the findings.Results: The majority of women 308(82.4%) were know the problems of drinking alcohol during pregnancy from 374 total study participants. Knowledge of women with regard to problems of drinking alcohol during pregnancy were associated literate women (AOR=0.416; 95%CI=0.207-0.836) and risk of alcohol consumption during pregnancy low (AOR=9.468; 95% CI=3.466-25.868).Addationally,attitude of women for consumption of alcohol have significant effect on health associated with occupation status a housewife ((AOR=4.620; 95% CI= (1.255-17.012), had own business(AOR=17.344;95% CI=1.821165.148), alcohol consumption for 3-4 days a week(AOR=11.278;95%CI =1.231-103.287),relative encourage diriking alcohol (AOR=0.309;95%=0.110-0.868), Women who had previously health problems (AOR=0.330;95% CI=0.152-0.717), women who perceive the risk of alcohol consumption have beneficial effect on health is medium(AOR=7.112; 95% CI =3.108-16.270), attitudes of women towards alcohol consumption have beneficial effect on health is high (AOR= 4.902;95% CI =1.474-16.297),women who agree on the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is valuable(AOR=0.082;95% CI =0.023-0.287).Conclusion: The study revealed that, the knowledge of women on the health effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy high. Their attitude also towards alcohol consumption is low and medium. Interventions focused on creating awareness about the harmful effects of alcohol consumption on pregnancy should implemented.

Impact of Social Isolation on Physical Activity and Factors Associated With Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Giovana Z. Mazo ◽  
Felipe Fank ◽  
Pedro S. Franco ◽  
Bruna da Silva Vieira Capanema ◽  
Franciele da Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Impact

The objective was to analyze the impact of social isolation on moderate physical activity and factors associated with sedentary behavior of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study involving 111 older adults (aged 71.0 ± 6.87 years). The data were collected at two time points: in November 2019 and in June 2020. There was a decline in moderate physical activity when the minutes/week were compared before and during social isolation (p < .001). Sedentary behavior was associated with the condition of living alone. Older adults who lived alone were 3.29 times more likely to spend 4 hr or more in sedentary behavior than those who lived with a partner (95% confidence interval [1.01, 10.74]). Government agencies must establish PA-related health promotion strategies, especially in developing and low-income countries. Therefore, home exercises need to be encouraged to prevent the consequences of this pandemic period.

Pregnancy warning labels on alcohol packaging: results of an exploratory study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Millot ◽  
K Gallopel-Morvan
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
French Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background In 2017, approximately 11% of pregnant women in France consumed alcohol despite its harmful consequences on the fetus (Andler, 2018). Our research aims at exploring the impact of warnings displayed on alcohol packaging: the current pictogram and alternative possible messages that differ regarding content and design will be explored. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 French women, including women who did not drink alcohol during their pregnancy, women who drank alcohol, women in pregnancy planning and breastfeeding mothers. Questions were asked about the participants perception of drinking alcohol during pregnancy, alcohol warnings: the current pictogram, new contents (negative and positive) for warnings and new designs (different pictograms combined with or without text). A thematic content analysis was carried out. Results The current pictogram lacks visibility and has no impact on the behaviour of the women. New suggested contents were on the whole welcomed. It can be noted that some participants felt that specific messages (e.g. intellectual disabilities, facial malformations etc.) were a more effective way of preventing alcohol consumption during pregnancy than general ones. On the contrary, other participants felt that a general message such as ’Zero alcohol during pregnancy’, or positive messages such as a cessation service message, was more effective. The majority of participants believed that pictograms with a better visibility; more eye-catching; vivid images of fetuses, etc., would have a greater impact on alcohol consumption. Conclusions This study highlights the need for changes to pictogram currently used on alcohol packaging in France. Our results show that recent changes proposed by the French government (a slight increase in the size of the current pictogram) will most likely have little effect on preventing alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Key messages The current pictogram on alcohol bottles in France has little or no effect. The French government should implement new warnings both in terms of content and design.

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