scholarly journals Establishment of a Diagnostic Model to Distinguish Coronavirus Disease 2019 From Influenza a Based on Laboratory Findings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyang Xing ◽  
Suyan Tian ◽  
Yukun Chen ◽  
Jinmei Wang ◽  
Xuejuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Influenza A are common disease caused by viral infection. The clinical symptoms and transmission routes of the two diseases are similar. This study established a model of laboratory findings to distinguish COVID-19 from influenza A perfectly. MethodsIn this study, 56 COVID-19 patients and 54 influenza A patients were included. Laboratory findings, epidemiological characteristics and demographic data were obtained from electronic medical record databases. Elastic network models, followed by a stepwise logistic regression model were implemented to identify indicators capable of discriminating COVID-19 and influenza A. ResultsA monogram is diagramed to show the resulting discriminative model. The majority of hematological and biochemical parameters in COVID-19 patients were significantly different from those in influenza A patients. In the final model, albumin/globulin, total bilirubin and erythrocyte specific volume were selected as predictors. This model has been demonstrated to have a satisfactory predictive performance to discriminate between COVID-19 and influenza A (AUC=0.844) using an external validation set. ConclusionThe establishment of a diagnostic model on laboratory findings is of great significance for the identification of COVID-19 and influenza A.

scholarly journals Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) in Humans: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Júnior Borges do Nascimento ◽  
Nensi Cacic ◽  
Hebatullah Mohamed Abdulazeem ◽  
Thilo Caspar von Groote ◽  
Umesh Jayarajah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A growing body of literature on the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is becoming available, but a synthesis of available data has not been conducted. We performed a scoping review of currently available clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and chest imaging data related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Scopus and LILACS from 01 January 2019 to 24 February 2020. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted using the clinical and laboratory data, and random-effects models were applied to estimate pooled results. A total of 61 studies were included (59,254 patients). The most common disease-related symptoms were fever (82%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 56%–99%; n = 4410), cough (61%, 95% CI 39%–81%; n = 3985), muscle aches and/or fatigue (36%, 95% CI 18%–55%; n = 3778), dyspnea (26%, 95% CI 12%–41%; n = 3700), headache in 12% (95% CI 4%–23%, n = 3598 patients), sore throat in 10% (95% CI 5%–17%, n = 1387) and gastrointestinal symptoms in 9% (95% CI 3%–17%, n = 1744). Laboratory findings were described in a lower number of patients and revealed lymphopenia (0.93 × 109/L, 95% CI 0.83–1.03 × 109/L, n = 464) and abnormal C-reactive protein (33.72 mg/dL, 95% CI 21.54–45.91 mg/dL; n = 1637). Radiological findings varied, but mostly described ground-glass opacities and consolidation. Data on treatment options were limited. All-cause mortality was 0.3% (95% CI 0.0%–1.0%; n = 53,631). Epidemiological studies showed that mortality was higher in males and elderly patients. The majority of reported clinical symptoms and laboratory findings related to SARS-CoV-2 infection are non-specific. Clinical suspicion, accompanied by a relevant epidemiological history, should be followed by early imaging and virological assay.

scholarly journals Clinical features of 162 fatal cases of COVID-19: a multi-center, retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianlong Zhou ◽  
Guoyong Ding ◽  
Qing Fang ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Luyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Moderate Condition

Abstract Understanding the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of fatal cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 is import to develop appropriate preventable intervention programs in hospitals. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, clinical course, co-morbidities, laboratory findings, CT scans, treatments and complications of 162 fatal cases were retrieved from electric medical records in 5 hospitals of Wuhan, China. The median age was 69.5 years old (IQR: 63.0-77.25; range: 29-96). 112 (69.1%) cases were men. Hypertension (45.1%) was the most common co-morbidity, but 59 (36.4%) cases had no co-morbidity. At admission, 131 (81.9%) cases were assessed as severe or critical. However, 39 (18.1%) were assessed as moderate. Moderate cases had a higher prevalence of hypertension and chronic lung disease comparing with severe or critical cases (P<0.05, respectively). 126 (77.8%) and 132 (81.5%) cases received antiviral treatment and glucocorticoids, respectively. 116 (71.6%) cases were admitted to ICU and 137 (85.1%) cases received mechanical ventilation. Respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome (93.2%) was the most common complication. The young cases of COVID-19, without co-morbidity and in a moderate condition at admission could develop fatal outcome. We need to be more cautious in case management of COVID-19 for preventing the fatal outcomes.

scholarly journals A novel diagnostic model based on differences in clinical characteristics of influenza A and B

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang WeiPeng ◽  
Che Li ◽  
Zhang Miao ◽  
Gao WuTong ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to construct a clinical distinction model to help determine the type of influenza by analyzing the clinical characteristics and hematological indicators of influenza patients during the influenza season. Demographic characteristics and clinical data of 726 influenza patients aged 7 years and older from September 2018 to July 2019 were collected, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the impact of different clinical manifestations and hematological examination indicators on the determination of the value of the flu type. The common clinical manifestations of influenza patients were fever (99.2%), pharyngeal congestion (97.1%), cough (80.4%), sore throat (57.2%), muscle aches (48.8%), and runny nose (45.2%). Those with onset of illness were 19-49 years of age (OR= 0.335, 95% CI: 0.196-0.573), nasal congestion (OR= 0.566, 95% CI: 0.349-0.919), and fever for more than 3 days (OR= 0.368, 95% CI: 0.214-0.632) tend to diagnosed as influenza B, while those with symptoms of cough (OR=2.119, 95% CI: 1.322-3.389), headache (OR=1.834, 95% CI: 1.157-2.908), muscle pain (OR=1.811, 95% CI: 1.139-2.880), and blood CPR>8mg/L (OR=2.315, 95%CI: 1.501-3.589) and the percentage of neutrophils >70% (OR=2.361, 95%CI: 1.171-4.759) are prone to have influenza A. Combining clinical manifestations and laboratory findings, we plotted a nomogram by lasso regression. The distinction model was discriminated using a C-index（0.765,95% CI 0.716-0.819) and an AUC value (0.772,95% CI 0.696-0.848), showing good prognostic accuracy and clinical applicability. This distinction model can distinguish well between the types of influenza,which can provide assistance in early treatment and prognosis of influenza.

scholarly journals A novel diagnostic model based on differences in clinical characteristics of influenza A and B

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang WeiPeng ◽  
Che Li ◽  
Zhang Miao ◽  
Gao WuTong ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Lasso Regression ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to construct a clinical distinction model to help determine the type of influenza by analyzing the clinical characteristics and hematological indicators of influenza patients during the influenza season. Demographic characteristics and clinical data of 726 influenza patients aged 7 years and older from September 2018 to July 2019 were collected, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the impact of different clinical manifestations and hematological examination indicators on the determination of the value of the flu type. The common clinical manifestations of influenza patients were fever (99.2%), pharyngeal congestion (97.1%), cough (80.4%), sore throat (57.2%), muscle aches (48.8%), and runny nose (45.2%). Those with onset of illness were 19-49 years of age (OR= 0.335, 95% CI: 0.196-0.573), nasal congestion (OR= 0.566, 95% CI: 0.349-0.919), and fever for more than 3 days (OR= 0.368, 95% CI: 0.214-0.632) tend to diagnosed as influenza B, while those with symptoms of cough (OR=2.119, 95% CI: 1.322-3.389), headache (OR=1.834, 95% CI: 1.157-2.908), muscle pain (OR=1.811, 95% CI: 1.139-2.880), and blood CPR>8mg/L (OR=2.315, 95%CI: 1.501-3.589) and the percentage of neutrophils >70% (OR=2.361, 95%CI: 1.171-4.759) are prone to have influenza A. Combining clinical manifestations and laboratory findings, we plotted a nomogram by lasso regression. The distinction model was discriminated using a C-index（0.765,95% CI 0.716-0.819) and an AUC value (0.772,95% CI 0.696-0.848), showing good prognostic accuracy and clinical applicability. This distinction model can distinguish well between the types of influenza,which can provide assistance in early treatment and prognosis of influenza.

scholarly journals A novel astrovirus species in the gut of yaks with diarrhoea in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 3672-3680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Hua Yue ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Fang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Viral Communities

The yak (Bos grunniens) is an iconic symbol in the high-altitude region of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Diarrhoea is a common disease in yaks, resulting in major economic losses. To investigate the diversity of viral species, we reported the metagenomics-derived virome in a pooled faecal sample of 20 diarrhoeic yaks. The nine viruses found in the pooled diarrhoeic samples, in order of abundance of nucleic acid sequence, were influenza A virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), rotavirus, ungulate tetraparvovirus 1 (bovine hokovirus), astrovirus (AstV), bovine enterovirus, hepatitis E virus, kobuvirus and woodchuck hepatitis virus. Compared with healthy yaks, only AstV had a significantly higher prevalence rate in diarrhoeal samples, indicating a correlation with the clinical symptoms of diarrhoea in yaks. To further investigate the molecular characterization of yak AstV, a near-full genome was obtained from a diarrhoeic sample. It was 6243 bp in length and shared 46.4–66.2 % similarity with other related bovine AstVs from faeces. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome demonstrated that the yak AstV fell within the bovine AstVs cluster, but was located in a unique lineage, suggesting a novel AstV species was identified in yaks. Interestingly, the ORF2 region of yak AstV had closer similarity and genetically relationship with deer AstV strain CcAstV-2 than that of the bovine AstVs. Further analysis showed that one possible interspecies recombination event occurred in ORF2. In summary, this study expanded our understanding of the viral communities of diarrhoeal yaks and identified a novel AstV that was associated with diarrhoea in yaks.

scholarly journals Comparison of Clinical Characteristics for Distinguishing COVID-19 From Influenza During the Early Stages in Guangdong, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhi Li ◽  
Huan He ◽  
Yuhan Gao ◽  
Zejin Ou ◽  
Wenqiao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables

Background: To explore the differences in clinical manifestations and infection marker determination for early diagnosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and influenza (A and B).Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was designed. Patients with COVID-19 and inpatients with influenza at a sentinel surveillance hospital were recruited. Demographic data, medical history, laboratory findings, and radiographic characteristics were summarized and compared between the two groups. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables, and Kruskal–Wallis H-test was used for continuous variables in each group. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to differentiate the intergroup characteristics. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the predisposing factors.Results: About 23 patients with COVID-19 and 74 patients with influenza were included in this study. Patients with influenza exhibited more symptoms of cough and sputum production than COVID-19 (p &lt; 0.05). CT showed that consolidation and pleural effusion were more common in influenza than COVID-19 (p &lt; 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with influenza had high values of infection and coagulation function markers, but low values of blood routine and biochemical test markers than patients with COVID-19 (mild or moderate groups) (p &lt; 0.05). In patients with COVID-19, the ROC analysis showed positive predictions of albumin and hematocrit, but negative predictions of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Multivariate analysis revealed that influenza might associate with risk of elevated CRP, PCT, and LDH, whereas COVID-19 might associated with high HBDH.Conclusion: Patients with influenza had more obvious clinical symptoms but less common consolidation lesions and pleural effusion than those with COVID-19. These findings suggested that influenza likely presents with stronger inflammatory reactions than COVID-19, which provides some insights into the pathogenesis of these two contagious respiratory illnesses.

scholarly journals Influenza, Malaria parasitaemia and Typhoid fever Coinfection in Children: Seroepidemiologic Investigation in Four Healthcare Centres in Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
AbdulAzeez Adeyemi Anjorin ◽  
Shola R Babalola ◽  
Oluwaseun P Iyiade
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Malaria Parasitaemia

Abstract Background : According to WHO, out of about one billion individuals usually infected with influenza virus, children from developing countries account for 99% of deaths due to related infections. There is dearth of clinical-epidemiological information on the trio of influenza, malaria, and typhoid fever co-infection in Nigeria. Similarity of their clinical symptoms coupled with lack of vaccine and all year-round circulation in sub-Saharan Africa cause serious paediatric morbidity and mortality. This study therefore investigated influenza, malaria and typhoid fever coinfection among children in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods : A sero-epidemiologic hospital-based study was designed. Blood from 364 children tested by RDT for malaria HRP-II/pLDH (Accessbio or Medicon BioCheck, USA) and typhoid (CTKBiotech, USA or Omega, UK) were screened by ELISA (Demeditec, Germany) for influenza virus specific IgM antibody. Descriptive statistics was used and p-values were determined with Chi-square. Results : Demographic data showed median age of 3 (mean 3.8, mode 2, range 0-14) years. Out of the 364 samples tested, 76/364 (20.9%) were seropositive for influenza A virus. Of the 76 seropositive patients, 47/76 (61.8%) had malaria parasitaemia, 42/76 (55.3%) had typhoid, and 21/76 (27.6%) were co-infected with malaria parasitaemia and typhoid fever. Furthermore, 2/76 (2.6%) children having underlying health condition of sickle cell anaemia recorded influenza seropositivity. Ojo primary healthcare centre had the highest seroprevalence of 48.7% (37/76), age group 1-4 years recorded the highest seroprevalence of 55.3% (42/76), the highest serologic evidence of 61.8% (47/76) was detected among male children, while fever 27.6% (21/76) was the most common of all the clinical symptoms recorded. Although, the month of March had the highest seroprevalence of 20/76 (26.3%), seropositivity was recorded in all other months considered for this study. Conclusions : We hereby report the first paediatric co-infection of influenza, malaria and typhoid fever with a percentage seroprevalence of 27.6% among all age group round the months. Low co-infection was however recorded in children having sickle cell anaemia. Annual vaccination is strongly recommended for children of all ages in order to prevent co-infection of influenza with other deadly diseases.

scholarly journals Clinical and laboratory findings of patients with the possible diagnosis of influenza hospitalized in affiliated hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2015-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Javanian ◽  
Arefeh Babazadeh ◽  
Soheil Ebrahimpour ◽  
Mehran Shokri ◽  
Masomeh Bayani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract The clinical and para clinical manifestations of influenza in various patients have range from an autoimmune disease to a life-threatening respiratory infection. In addition, the severity of the disease is influenced by factors such as demographic factors, underlying diseases, and immune response. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological characteristics of patients with this type of influenza in Babol (north of Iran). This study was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study from October 2015 to March 2016. Subsequently, in this study, records of 123 patients with clinical signs of the influenza-like disease who have undergone the clinical sign in hospitals affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences were reviewed. Of 123 patients admitted to a possible diagnosis of influenza, 58 patients (47.2%) were PCR positive for H1N1, while seventy nine (64.2%) participants were women and 21 (17.1%) had diabetes or underlying lung disease. Most of the involved age groups were of individuals above the age of 50. These were followed by the 21-35 years-old. Fever (78%), cough (65.9%), shivering (58.5%) and myalgia (56.1%) were the most common clinical symptoms. Increased levels of transaminases (43.1%), leukocytosis (35.8%) and thrombocytopenia (34.2%) were as well reported in patients as the most frequently reported para clinical findings. In the present study, the most usual clinical symptoms were fever, cough, chill, and myalgia, while gastrointestinal symptoms were also noticeably observed in patients. In an experimental study, a significant number of patients showed leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia and increased transaminases.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Cardiovascular Implications of 116 Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A single-Centered, Retrospective, Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqiang Xiong ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Feng Lin ◽  
Jinhu Shi ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Aged Population ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. Aged population with cardiovascular diseases are more likely be to infected with SARS-CoV-2 and result in more severe outcomes and elevated case-fatality rate. Meanwhile, cardiovascular diseases have a high prevalence in the middle-aged and elderly population. However, despite of several researches in COVID-19, cardiovascular implications related to it still remains largely unclear. Methods 116 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled, who admitted to the General Hospital of Central Theater Command (Wuhan, China) from January 20 to March 8, 2020. The demographic data, underlying comorbidities, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, chest computed tomography, treatment measures, and outcome data were collected from electronic medical records. Data were compared between non-severe and severe cases.Results Of 116 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the median age was 58.5 years (IQR, 47.0-69.0), and 36 (31.0%) were female. Hypertension (45 [38.8%]), diabetes (19 [16.4%]), and coronary heart disease (17 [14.7%]) were the most common coexisting conditions. Common symptoms included fever [99 (85.3%)], dry cough (61 [52.6%]), fatigue (60 [51.7%]), dyspnea (52 [44.8%]), anorexia (50 [43.1%]), and chest discomfort (50 [43.1%]). Lymphopenia (lymphocyte count, 1.0 × 109/L [IQR, 0.7-1.3]) was observed in 66 patients (56.9%), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (245.5 U/L [IQR, 194.3-319.8]) in 69 patients (59.5%). Compared with non-severe cases, severe cases were older (64.0 years [IQR, 53.0-76.0] vs 56.0 years [IQR, 37.0-64.0]), more likely to have comorbidities (35 [63.6%] vs 24 [39.3%]), and more likely to develop acute cardiac injury (19 [34.5%] vs 4 [6.6%]), acute heart failure (18 [32.7%] vs 3 [4.9%]), and ARDS (20 [36.4%] vs 0 [0%]). During hospitalization, the prevalence of new onset hypertension was significantly higher in severe patients (55.2% vs 19.0%) than in non-severe ones. Conclusions We found that the infection of SARS-CoV-2 was more likely to occur in aged population with cardiovascular comorbidities. Cardiovascular complications, including new onset hypertension and heart injury were common in severe patients. More detailed researches in cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19 are urgently needed to further understand the disease.

scholarly journals Comparison of Clinical Symptoms and Cardiac Lesions in Children with Typical and Atypical Kawasaki Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Maryam Behmadi ◽  
Behzad Alizadeh ◽  
Abdolreza Malek
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Coronary Aneurysm ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cardiac Lesions ◽  
Atypical Kawasaki Disease

The present study was performed to evaluate the clinical symptoms and cardiovascular complications in patients with typical and atypical Kawasaki disease (KD). This retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of 176 patients with KD for three years. The study population was divided into two groups of typical and atypical based on the KD clinical criteria. The two groups were compared in terms of demographic data, clinical symptoms, cardiac lesions, and laboratory markers. Based on the diagnostic criteria, 105 (60%) and 71 (40%) patients were diagnosed with typical and atypical KD, respectively. The mean age of the typical patients (38.16 months) was higher than that of the atypical group (24.03 months) at the time of diagnosis (p < 0.05). The results revealed no significant difference between the two groups regarding the seasonal distribution of KD onset (p = 0.422). However, the most common season for the diagnosis of the disease was spring, followed by winter. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of fever duration (p = 0.39). Furthermore, vomiting was more common in the atypical patients than in the typical group (p = 0.017). In terms of the cardiac lesions, ectasia (p = 0.005) and lack of tapering of the distal coronary vessels (p = 0.015) were more frequently detected in the atypical group than in the typical group. Considering the laboratory findings, thrombocytosis (p = 0.010) and anemia (p = 0.048) were more common in the atypical group, compared to those in the typical group. On the other hand, the typical group had a higher serum alanine aminotransferase level (adjusted for age) (p = 0.012) and Hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration ≤130 mmol/L) (p = 0.034). Based on the findings of the current study, the fever duration from onset to diagnosis was slightly more in atypical KD patients than in the typical group, but not statistically significant, possibly due to more timely diagnosis of atypical KD. There was no difference in coronary aneurysm between the two groups at the time of diagnosis. The atypical group had a higher frequency of coronary ectasia and lack of tapering, indicating cardiac involvement. Consequently, these conditions should be given more attention in the atypical patients. Furthermore, the higher frequency of anemia and thrombocytosis in the atypical patients can be useful for diagnosis of this kind of KD.

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