Zero-Power PEMS System with Full-Bridge PWM Inverter: from Mechanism to Algorithm

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.21203/rs.3.rs-558587/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zeyi ZHANG

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuit ◽

High Speed ◽

Pulse Width Modulation ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

Magnetic Suspension ◽

Iron Core ◽

Pwm Inverter ◽

Compensation Algorithm ◽

Electro Magnetic ◽

Control Stability

Abstract The permanent-electro magnetic suspension (PEMS) technology takes advantage of the attractive magnetic force between the magnet and the iron core and reduces the power consumption eventually to zero. However, the current of the zero-power PEMS system fluctuates around zero due to disturbances and suffers from the electronic nonlinearity. This work presents that the 2 µs turn-off delay (one electronic defect) of the integrated circuit (IC) L298N (one commercial full-bridge pulse-width-modulation (PWM) inverter produced by STMicroelectronics) leads to the nonlinear current-duty cycle characteristic, which undermines the control stability and limits the PWM frequency of the zero-power PEMS system. Moreover, the nonlinear mechanism is experimentally and theoretically analyzed for the critical PWM frequency and the sensitivity transition. Furthermore, this work proposes the compensation algorithm to overcome the electronic nonlinearity. It is demonstrated that the three-piece linearization approach stabilizes the PEMS system with only a few milliampere current and outperforms the two-piece counterpart with stronger robustness and smoother dynamics under the current-step-change test, especially for the PWM frequency higher than the critical value. Besides, the breakthrough of the critical PWM frequency by the compensation algorithm is of great significance for the dynamic performance of the high-speed PEMS transportation system.

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Sensorless LC Filter Implementation for Permanent Magnet Machine Drive Using Observer-Based Voltage and Current Estimation

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21113596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 3596

Author(s):

Chia-Ming Liang ◽

Yi-Jen Lin ◽

Jyun-You Chen ◽

Guan-Ren Chen ◽

Shih-Chin Yang

Keyword(s):

Permanent Magnet ◽

High Speed ◽

Pulse Width Modulation ◽

Output Current ◽

Current Harmonics ◽

Pwm Inverter ◽

Current Estimation ◽

Filter Output ◽

Lc Filter ◽

Parameter Error

For pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter drives, an LC filter can cascade to a permanent magnet (PM) machine at inverter output to reduce PWM-reflected current harmonics. Because the LC filter causes resonance, the filter output current and voltage are required for the sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) drive. However, existing sensors and inverters are typically integrated inside commercial closed-form drives; it is not possible for these drives to obtain additional filter output signals. To resolve this integration issue, this paper proposes a sensorless LC filter state estimation using only the drive inside current sensors. The design principle of the LC filter is first introduced to remove PWM current harmonics. A dual-observer is then proposed to estimate the filter output current and voltage for the sensorless FOC drive. Compared to conventional model-based estimation, the proposed dual-observer demonstrates robust estimation performance under parameter error. The capacitor parameter error shows a negligible influence on the proposed observer estimation. The filter inductance error only affects the capacitor current estimation at high speed. The performance of the sensorless FOC drive using the proposed dual-observer is comparable to the same drive using external sensors for filter voltage and current measurement. All experiments are verified by a PM machine with only 130 μH phase inductance.

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Multiphysics analysis of a hybrid suspension system for middle-low-speed maglev trains

The European Physical Journal Applied Physics ◽

10.1051/epjap/2020200015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 10903

Author(s):

Guoqing Liu ◽

Jingchi Wu ◽

Song Xiao ◽

Yuanpei Luo ◽

Can Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hybrid System ◽

High Speed ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Element Model ◽

Suspension System ◽

Magnetic Suspension ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Guidance Force ◽

Low Speed ◽

Electro Magnetic

The suspension force − a critical factor in the operation of middle-low-speed maglev trains − is provided by electromagnets. However, the eddy current effect produced by the relative motion between electromagnets and the steel track causes a reduction of the suspension force, especially under high speed. A novel type of permanent-electro-magnetic suspension system is proposed to improve performance by considering the variation of material characteristics with temperature. A 3D dynamic finite element model of this hybrid system − accounting for the influence of temperature − has been created to study the variation of magnetic flux distribution, suspension force and guiding force under different operational speeds of the train, in comparison with the electromagnetic version. Verified by simulations, the hybrid system has superior performance offering a powerful suspension force and a reliable guidance force even at high speeds of the train.

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Deadbeat PQ Control for Islanded Smart Grids

European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.24018/ejece.2020.4.5.242 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Ehab Bayoumi ◽

Mostafa Soliman ◽

Hisham Soliman

Keyword(s):

Distributed Generation ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Pulse Width Modulation ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

Power Sharing ◽

System Stability ◽

Pwm Inverter ◽

Three Phase ◽

Micro Grids ◽

Selection Of

The dynamic performance of smart (micro)grids depends on the proper selection of the controller gains and power-sharing parameters. This manuscript describes the control design to achieve a deadbeat desirable performance in terms of: i) Zero steady-state error. ii) Minimum rise time. iii) Minimum settling time. iv) Less than 2% overshoot/undershoot. This paper considers an Islanded microgrid system composed of two distributed generation (DG) units. Each DG unit includes three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter. The proposed controllers are proportional- integral (PI) type. The Controllers gains of the inverters and the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) parameters are designed to guarantee deadbeat dynamic performance in terms of minimal overshoot and system stability. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to tune the controller parameters of the current, PQ loops, and the PLL. The proposed controllers are compared with the traditional (Ziegler and Nichols), auto-tuned, and interior-point methods to shows the excellence of the proposed technique. Results authenticate and endorse the effectiveness of the proposed controllers and PLL design technique to achieve the desired deadbeat response of the study microgrid system.

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A Study on the Shape of Iron-Core for a Hybrid Electro-Magnetic Suspension System

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity ◽

10.1109/tasc.2011.2180280 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 3600204-3600204

Author(s):

Young Jin Hwang ◽

Jae Young Jang ◽

Sukjin Choi ◽

Jin Bae Na ◽

Hyun Chul Jo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suspension System ◽

Magnetic Suspension ◽

Iron Core ◽

Magnetic Suspension System ◽

Electro Magnetic

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Study on Magnetic Induced Polarization Technology and Instruments

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.100 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 336-338 ◽

pp. 100-105

Author(s):

Jian Hua Li ◽

Pin Rong Lin ◽

Fu Sheng Shi ◽

Cai Jun Zheng

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Integrated Circuit ◽

High Speed ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Pulse Width Modulation ◽

Performance Testing ◽

Original Data ◽

Induced Polarization ◽

Constant Current ◽

Logic Device

In order to solve the difficult-ground areas of electromagnetic prospecting, we study magnetic induced polarization technology and instruments. Adopting the techniques such as GPS synchronization, CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device), digital PWM(Pulse-Width Modulation) constant current, VHDL(Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language) programming, a magnetic induced polarization instruments have been developed, which include transmitter, receiver, and three components magnetic field compensator. Instruments have functions such as high-power constant-current supplying, frequency-selective anti-interference receiving, GPS high-precision synchronizing, and amplitude-frequency response of magnetic sensor is flat. Using gradient configuration to obser the original data include magnetic field strength, magnetic polarization rate, phase, and get the magnetometric resistivity, the percent frequency efficiency by the further processing. For magnetic induced polarization instruments, we develop performance testing and the field experiments.

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TEM study of phosphorus-implanted pseudomorphic Si0.88Ge0.12 on Si(100)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100138713 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 468-469

Author(s):

N. David Theodore ◽

Donald Y.C Lie ◽

J. H. Song ◽

Peter Crozier

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ◽

Integrated Circuit ◽

High Speed ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Strain Relaxation ◽

Bipolar Transistors ◽

Sige Hbt ◽

Integrated Circuit Manufacturing ◽

Microstructural Behavior

SiGe is being extensively investigated for use in heterojunction bipolar-transistors (HBT) and high-speed integrated circuits. The material offers adjustable bandgaps, improved carrier mobilities over Si homostructures, and compatibility with Si-based integrated-circuit manufacturing. SiGe HBT performance can be improved by increasing the base-doping or by widening the base link-region by ion implantation. A problem that arises however is that implantation can enhance strain-relaxation of SiGe/Si.Furthermore, once misfit or threading dislocations result, the defects can give rise to recombination-generation in depletion regions of semiconductor devices. It is of relevance therefore to study the damage and anneal behavior of implanted SiGe layers. The present study investigates the microstructural behavior of phosphorus implanted pseudomorphic metastable Si0.88Ge0.12 films on silicon, exposed to various anneals.Metastable pseudomorphic Si0.88Ge0.12 films were grown ~265 nm thick on a silicon wafer by molecular-beam epitaxy. Pieces of this wafer were then implanted at room temperature with 100 keV phosphorus ions to a dose of 1.5×1015 cm-2.

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The Radio Probe™: A New Measurement Tool for High Speed Integrated Circuits

ISTFA 2005: Conference Proceedings from the 31st International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0224 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Kimball

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Integrated Circuit ◽

High Speed ◽

Attenuation Factor ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Frequency Measurement ◽

Single Frequency ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Probe Design ◽

Differential Measurement

Abstract This article presents a novel tool designed to allow circuit node measurements in a radio frequency (RF) integrated circuit. The discussion covers RF circuit problems; provides details on the Radio Probe design, which achieves an input impedance of 50Kohms and an overall attenuation factor of 0 dB; and describes signal to noise issues in the output signal, along with their improvement techniques. This cost-effective solution incorporates features that make it well suited to the task of differential measurement of circuit nodes within an RF IC. The Radio Probe concept offers a number of advantages compared to active probes. It is a single frequency measurement tool, so it complements, rather than replaces, active probes.

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Dynamic Performance of High-Speed Electric Multiple Unit within Multi-Body System Simulation

Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.2174/2666145412666190923104415 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 339-349

Author(s):

Junguo Wang ◽

Daoping Gong ◽

Rui Sun ◽

Yongxiang Zhao

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

Body System ◽

High Speed Railway ◽

Evaluation Indexes ◽

Actual Operation ◽

Multiple Unit ◽

The Stability ◽

Multi Body

Background: With the rapid development of the high-speed railway, the dynamic performance such as running stability and safety of the high-speed train is increasingly important. This paper focuses on the dynamic performance of high-speed Electric Multiple Unit (EMU), especially the dynamic characteristics of the bogie frame and car body. Various patents have been discussed in this article. Objective: To develop the Multi-Body System (MBS) model of EMU, verify whether the dynamic performance meets the actual operation requirements, and provide some useful information for dynamics and structural design of the proposed EMU. Methods: According to the technical characteristics of a typical EMU, a MBS model is established via SIMPACK, and the measured data of China high-speed railway is taken as the excitation of track random irregularity. To test the dynamic performance of the EMU, including the stability and safety, some evaluation indexes such as wheel-axle lateral forces, wheel-axle lateral vertical forces, derailment coefficients and wheel unloading rates are also calculated and analyzed in detail. Results: The MBS model of EMU has better dynamic performance especially curving performance, and some evaluation indexes of the stability and safety have also reached China’s high-speed railway standards. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the proposed MBS model is verified, and the dynamic performance of the MBS model can meet the design requirements of high-speed EMU.

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