scholarly journals Single Adsorption of Diclofenac and Ronidazole from Aqueous Solution on Commercial Activated Carbons: Effect of Chemical and Textural Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana I. Moral-Rodríguez ◽  
Roberto Leyva-Ramos ◽  
Esmeralda Mendoza-Mendoza ◽  
Paola Elizabeth Díaz-Flores ◽  
Damarys H. Carrales-Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Acidic Site ◽  
Π Stacking ◽  
Acidic Sites

Abstract The importance of the textural and physicochemical characteristics upon the adsorption capacity of the commercial activated carbons (ACs) Coconut, Wood, Merck, Darco and Norit towards ronidazole (RNZ) and diclofenac (DCF) from water solution was investigated thoroughly in this work. At pH = 7, Coconut AC and Wood AC presented the highest adsorption capacity towards RNZ (444 mg/g) and DCF (405 mg/g), correspondingly. The maximum mass of RNZ adsorbed onto Coconut AC was higher in this study than those outlined previously in other works. Besides, the maximum capacity of Wood AC for adsorbing DCF was comparable to those found for other ACs. The findings disclosed that the adsorption capacity of all the ACs was remarkably increased by surface area and was favored by incrementing the acidic site concentration. The π-π stacking interactions were the predominant adsorption mechanism for the RNZ and DCF adsorption on ACs, and the acidic sites favored the adsorption capacity by activating the π-π stacking. Electrostatic interactions did not influence the adsorption of RNZ on Coconut AC, but electrostatic repulsion decreased that of DCF on Wood AC. In the range of 15–25°C, the adsorption of RNZ and DCF on the Coconut and Wood ACs was endothermic, but the capacity remained essentially constant by elevating the temperature from 25 to 35°C.

scholarly journals Pinecone-Derived Activated Carbons as an Effective Medium for Hydrogen Storage

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2237
Author(s):  
Sara Stelitano ◽  
Giuseppe Conte ◽  
Alfonso Policicchio ◽  
Alfredo Aloise ◽  
Giovanni Desiderio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Hydrogen Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry

Pinecones, a common biomass waste, has an interesting composition in terms of cellulose and lignine content that makes them excellent precursors in various activated carbon production processes. The synthesized, nanostructured, activated carbon materials show textural properties, a high specific surface area, and a large volume of micropores, which are all features that make them suitable for various applications ranging from the purification of water to energy storage. Amongst them, a very interesting application is hydrogen storage. For this purpose, activated carbon from pinecones were prepared using chemical activation with different KOH/precursor ratios, and their hydrogen adsorption capacity was evaluated at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K) at pressures of up to 80 bar using a Sievert’s type volumetric apparatus. Regarding the comprehensive characterization of the samples’ textural properties, the measurement of the surface area was carried out using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, the chemical composition was investigated using wavelength-dispersive spectrometry, and the topography and long-range order was estimated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The hydrogen adsorption properties of the activated carbon samples were measured and then fitted using the Langmuir/ Töth isotherm model to estimate the adsorption capacity at higher pressures. The results showed that chemical activation induced the formation of an optimal pore size distribution for hydrogen adsorption centered at about 0.5 nm and the proportion of micropore volume was higher than 50%, which resulted in an adsorption capacity of 5.5 wt% at 77 K and 80 bar; this was an increase of as much as 150% relative to the one predicted by the Chahine rule.

scholarly journals Characterization and comparison of walnut shells-based activated carbons and their adsorptive properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 450-463
Author(s):  
Xiya Li ◽  
Jieqiong Qiu ◽  
Yiqi Hu ◽  
Xiaoyuan Ren ◽  
Lu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The production of low-cost biologically activated carbons (BACs) is urgent need of environmental protection and ecological sustainability. Hence, walnut shells were treated by traditional pyrolysis, direct KOH impregnation and combined activation composed of hydrothermal carbonization and two-step H3PO4- and pyrolysis-activation process to obtain porous carbon with high adsorption capacity. It was found that the best adsorption capacity for iodine and organic dye methylene blue (MB) can be obtained using the KOH impregnation at impregnation ratio of 1:1 or combined activation comprising of 2 h H3PO4 activation and 1 h pyrolysis activation at 1000°C. The produced KOH, H3PO4/pyrolysis activated BACs at the optimum conditions are superior to that of commercial ACs, 9.4 and 1.3 times for MB removal, 4 and 4.5 times for iodine number respectively. Characterization results demonstrated their porous structure with very good textural properties such as high BET surface area (1689.1 m2/g, 1545.3 m2/g) and high total pore volume (0.94 cm3/g, 0.96 cm3/g). The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of H3PO4/pyrolysis activated hydrochar suggested the co-existence of micro and meso-pores. Moreover, they are more effective for the removal of Fe(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution than the commercial AC, suggesting a promising application in the field of water treatment.

scholarly journals CO2 and CH4 Adsorption Behavior of Biomass-Based Activated Carbons

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deneb Peredo-Mancilla ◽  
Imen Ghouma ◽  
Cecile Hort ◽  
Camelia Matei Ghimbeu ◽  
Mejdi Jeguirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Physical Activation

The aim of the present work is to study the effect of different activation methods for the production of a biomass-based activated carbon on the CO 2 and CH 4 adsorption. The influence of the activation method on the adsorption uptake was studied using three activated carbons obtained by different activation methods (H 3 PO 4 chemical activation and H 2 O and CO 2 physical activation) of olive stones. Methane and carbon dioxide pure gas adsorption experiments were carried out at two working temperatures (303.15 and 323.15 K). The influence of the activation method on the adsorption uptake was studied in terms of both textural properties and surface chemistry. For the three adsorbents, the CO 2 adsorption was more important than that of CH 4 . The chemically-activated carbon presented a higher specific surface area and micropore volume, which led to a higher adsorption capacity of both CO 2 and CH 4 . For methane adsorption, the presence of mesopores facilitated the diffusion of the gas molecules into the micropores. In the case of carbon dioxide adsorption, the presence of more oxygen groups on the water vapor-activated carbon enhanced its adsorption capacity.

scholarly journals Adsorption Capacity and Mechanism of Expanded Graphite for Polyethylene Glycol and Oils

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1258-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Yan Pang
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Deviation Analysis ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

Expanded graphite (EG) shows higher adsorption capacity for oils such as salad oil and SD300 oil than polyethylene glycol (PEG) with different MW (4000, 10000, 20000). To illustrate their different adsorption mechanism, adsorption capacities of EG for these pollutants are firstly detected. And then stepwise adsorption for oils is carried out with EG which has been saturated first by PEG with different MW. Then difference between stepwise adsorbance of oil is checked with deviation analysis. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis is used to show structure difference of EG adsorbed different adsorbates. It is testified adsorption isotherms of PEG are all type I, PEG molecules lay flat on EG surface and equilibrium adsorbance decrease with the increase of PEG MW. Adsorbance for SD 300 oil and salad oil can reach 131.3 g/g and 127.8 g/g respectively. Deviation analysis for stepwise adsorbance of oil shows no statistical significance. EG saturated firstly by PEG, still has an average adsorption capacity of 98 g/g for SD300 oil and 85 g/g for salad oil and it does not change with the initial PEG concentration. SEM photos illustrate the adsorption of oil on EG is mainly filling. In the adsorption of PEG water solution, there is severe breakage of the V-type pore and shrinkage of the particle.

scholarly journals Adsorption mechanism and modelling of hydrocarbon contaminants onto rice straw activated carbons

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Abdel daiem ◽  
Manuel Sánchez-Polo ◽  
Ahmed S. Rashed ◽  
Nehal Kamal ◽  
Noha Said
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Volume Diffusion ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Abstract The adsorption of Diphenolic acid (DPA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) were examined in aqueous solution using activated carbon rice straw. The rice straw was activated by using two reagents, zinc chloride and phosphoric acid and named as RSZ, RSP, respectively. The results showed that both carbons have a relatively high adsorption capacity. Concerning the adsorption kinetic, the second-order model has better fit than the first model to experimental data. The adsorption yield of both carbons increased in the order: DPA < 2,4-D < MCPA. The pore volume diffusion model satisfactorily fitted the experiment on both carbons. Furthermore, solution pH has a high influence on the adsorption capacity for both carbons. The adsorption mechanism of selected pollutants onto carbon samples has been controlled by dispersion interaction π-π electrons and electrostatic interaction, moreover, the contribution of pore volume diffusion is the controlling mechanism of the overall rate of adsorption.

Adsorption capacity of bone char for removing fluoride from water solution. Role of hydroxyapatite content, adsorption mechanism and competing anions

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 4014-4021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Medellin-Castillo ◽  
R. Leyva-Ramos ◽  
E. Padilla-Ortega ◽  
R. Ocampo Perez ◽  
J.V. Flores-Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Bone Char ◽  
Competing Anions

scholarly journals Purification of Wastewater from Biomass-Derived Syngas Scrubber Using Biochar and Activated Carbons

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4247
Author(s):  
Enrico Catizzone ◽  
Corradino Sposato ◽  
Assunta Romanelli ◽  
Donatella Barisano ◽  
Giacinto Cornacchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Phenol Adsorption ◽  
Common Strategy

Phenol is a major component in the scrubber wastewater used for syngas purification in biomass-based gasification plants. Adsorption is a common strategy for wastewater purification, and carbon materials, such as activated carbons and biochar, may be used for its remediation. In this work, we compare the adsorption behavior towards phenol of two biochar samples, produced by pyrolysis and gasification of lignocellulose biomass, with two commercial activated carbons. Obtained data were also used to assess the effect of textural properties (i.e., surface area) on phenol removal. Continuous tests in lab-scale columns were also carried out and the obtained data were processed with literature models in order to obtain design parameters for scale-up. Results clearly indicate the superiority of activated carbons due to the higher pore volume, although biomass-derived char may be more suitable from an economic and environmental point of view. The phenol adsorption capacity increases from about 65 m/g for gasification biochar to about 270 mg/g for the commercial activated carbon. Correspondingly, service time of commercial activated carbons was found to be about six times higher than that of gasification biochar. Finally, results indicate that phenol may be used as a model for characterizing the adsorption capacity of the investigated carbon materials, but in the case of real waste water the carbon usage rate should be considered at least 1.5 times higher than that calculated for phenol.

Screening of powdered activated carbons to remove 2-methylisoborneol for drinking water

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Watanabe ◽  
Y. Amano ◽  
M. Machida
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Bulk Oxygen ◽  
Drinking Water Purification

A 95% confidence interval was estimated from 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) numbers, as an index of adsorption capacity described in this article, for 31 different powdered activated carbons (PACs) used for drinking water purification. The seven PACs selected in this study were chosen as five of them were within the 95% confidence interval and the other two PACs were not. The PACs were assessed based on previous studies, which represented the relationships between 2-MIB adsorption capacity and surface area, pore distribution, bulk oxygen content and surface oxygen functional groups. From the results, we assumed the 2-MIB adsorption mechanism and studied relationships between 2-MIB number and ash content of PAC or pH value of PAC slurry. It was shown that the 2-MIB number correlated with the ash content and the pH value. Easily measurable ash content and pH values would help a water supplier briefly screen PACs for removing 2-MIB at a water purification facility.

Textural and Fractal Characteristics of KOH-Activated Microporous Carbon Materials and their Carbon Dioxide Storage Performances

2015 ◽  
Vol 1118 ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Feng ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
Wei Chu
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Pristine Sample ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Fractal Characteristics

Commercial activated carbon has been activated with KOH in order to investigate the effect of textural characteristics on CO2storage behaviors. The KOH activation has significantly enhanced the textural properties of the adsorbents, as compared to the pristine sample. CO2adsorption tests on the activated carbons were measured at 298 K and pressures up to 5.0 MPa, and the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm was used to fit the adsorption data. The CO2uptake for the resulting adsorbents was significantly higher than that of the starting adsorbent in the studied pressure range. To better understand the structures and their influences on the CO2uptake, fractal analysis was conducted for the adsorbents on the basis of Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) equation. Fractal dimensions (D1and D2) that calculated from N2adsorption data were discussed. The results showed that the two fractal dimensions have different influences on CO2adsorption capacity. There was a negative linear correlation between CO2maximum uptake and D1, while CO2adsorption capacity increased with fractal dimension D2increasing. Therefore, it was concluded that appropriate pore structure fractal dimension with narrower PSDs within the microporous range had higher CO2adsorption capacity for the adsorbents.

Activated Carbon Prepared from Date Pits for the Retention of NO2 at Low Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohra Belala ◽  
Meriem Belhachemi ◽  
Mejdi Jeguirim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Date Pits

Abstract Activated carbons were prepared from date pits by physical activation with CO2 and the textural properties were investigated by BET and D-R methods with N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherms. The interaction of the NO2 with activated carbon was examined at ambient temperature and the effect of operating conditions such as temperature and inlet gas compositions was also examined. It was observed that the development of porosity with increasing time of activation favours the adsorption capacity of NO2. The maximum adsorption capacity reached was about 107 mg/g, which is higher than several activated carbon prepared from classical lignocellulosic biomass. However, a slight decrease of NO2 adsorption capacity was observed with increasing temperature. The addition of oxygen into the inlet gas gave rise to an increase in amount adsorbed of NO2.

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