scholarly journals Assessment of Lymphocytosis in Patients with Pertussis in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Taye ◽  
Belay Tessema ◽  
Baye Gelaw ◽  
Feleke Moges
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Very High ◽  
Clinical Case Definition

Abstract Background: Pertussis is a severe and prolonged coughing disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. In 2014, an estimated 24.1 million pertussis cases, resulting in 160,700 deaths were reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess lymphocytosis in patients with pertussis in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pertussis patients who met the clinical case definition for pertussis in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. The study was conducted from July 2018 to February 2019 and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 321 participants, and samples were analyzed using real-time PCR. Blood specimens were collected from 321 study participant and total lymphocyte count was conducted using fully automated haematology analyzer.Results: One hundred nine study participants were positive for Bordetella species. Lymphocytosis was found in 15/109 (13.8%) of the PCR confirmed pertussis patients. Of those 15 PCR confirmed participants, 53.3% had lymphocytosis grading ‘high’ (>51%) followed by 20% ‘moderately high’ (>70%) and 26.7% had ‘very high’ (>85%). Amongst participants with lymphocytosis and PCR confirmed pertussis, 11/15 (73.3%) were less than 1 year old.Conclusions: This study revealed the importance of lymphocyte count in the diagnosis of pertussis. Thus, in combination with other laboratory tests, incorporation of lymphocyte count in pertussis suspected patients is recommended.

scholarly journals Hematological Parameters and Hemozoin-Containing Leukocytes and Their Association with Disease Severity among Malaria Infected Children: A Cross-Sectional Study at Pawe General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluken Birhanu ◽  
Yaregal Asres ◽  
Wondimagegn Adissu ◽  
Tilahun Yemane ◽  
Endalew Zemene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hematological Parameter ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants

Hematological parameter changes are the most common complications in malaria. We aimed to determine the hematological parameters and hemozoin-containing leukocytes and their association with disease severity in malaria infected children aged between 1 and 15 years. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Pawe General Hospital from July 31 to December 30, 2014. Demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaire. Blood specimen was collected from each study participant for hematological investigations. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The overall prevalence of anemia was 40.3%, most of which were mildly anemic. Leukocytosis was found in 15.4% of study participants. More than a fourth (27%) of the children had severe malaria. Hemozoin-containing monocytes and neutrophils were found in 80.1% and 58.9% of the study participants, respectively. Under-five years of age (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.83–7.39,P<0.001), leukocytosis (AOR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.65–6.24,P=0.001), mean hemozoin-containing monocytes >5% (AOR = 6.26, 95% CI: 2.14–14.29,P<0.001), mean hemozoin-containing neutrophils >5% (AOR = 7.93, 95% CI: 3.09–16.86,P<0.001), and high density parasitemia (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.13–3.18,P=0.015) were associated with severe malaria. Hemozoin-containing leukocytes, leukocytosis, and other identified associated factors should be considered for proper management of children with severe malaria.

scholarly journals A Cross Sectional Study of Occupational Hazards among Petrol Pump Attendants of Panjim City in Goa

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Akshaya V Naik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Study Participant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Petrol Pump

Introduction: Occupational hazards are the risks to life or functioning of an individual that is inherently associated with his occupation or working environment which can have deleterious effect on the individual’s health and his working efficiency. Petrol pump attendants are one such category of workers who are constantly exposed to various hazards at their workplace. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted from November- December 2018 among 7 petrol pumps located in the Panjim city. Census method was used for sampling. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Data was collected using pre-designed semi structured questionnaire. Data was collected using Epicollect 5 mobile app and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Result: Musculoskeletal pain was the most common health problem perceived by the study participants (49.3%) followed by frequent headaches (26.7%), eye irritation (22.7%) and stuffy nose (18.7%). Fuel spillage over skin (68%), extreme weather conditions (37.3%), fuel spillage in the eyes (32%) were the common hazards reported by the participants. None of the study participant was seen wearing goggles, mask or gloves for their personal safety. 73% of the study participants felt that the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be made available for their safety. 22.7% of the study participants had high blood pressure (>140/90mmHg) at the time of interview. Conclusion: This study highlights the most common illnesses experienced by the study subjects at their work place. Provision of PPE to every worker working on the petrol station with periodic medical checkups is required.

scholarly journals Knowledge about cataract and associated factors among adults in Yirgalem town, Sidama National Regional State, southern Ethiopia, 2020: a community based cross sectional study design

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anteneh Fikrie ◽  
Yonatan G. Mariam ◽  
Elias Amaje ◽  
Henok Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Globally, at least 1 billion people have a vision impairment that could have been easily prevented or easily treated. Cataract is the leading preventable and most treatable causes of blindness and bilateral low vision among adults. Despite being the leading cause of preventable and most treatable blindness, the lack of knowledge about the disease and its option of treatment is still a major barrier in reducing the blindness owing to cataract in the developing countries particularly in Ethiopia. Hence, the aim of this study is to determine the level of knowledge about cataract and associated factors among adults in Yirgalem Town, Sidama National Regional State, Southern Ethiopia, 2020. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among randomly selected 599 adult’s age 18 years and above from May 10–30, 2020. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured face-to-face interview questionnaires. The collected data were entered to Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of knowledge about cataract. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) together with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to declare the statistical association between dependent and independent variables. Results Of the total study participants, 379 (64.7%), [(95% CI: 60.7–68.6%)] of them had good knowledge about cataract. Age (≥40 years) [AOR = 2.29(95% CI 1.18–4.44)], Elementary school completed [AOR = 2.31(95% CI 1.30–4.10)], High school & above [AOR = 5.55(95% CI 2.81–10.89)], governmental and non-governmental employed [AOR = 5.62 (95% CI 2.78–11.38)], Merchant [AOR = 1.72(95% CI 1.03–2.88)], Positive Attitude [AOR = 3.85(95% CI 2.94–6.47)] were positively significantly associated with knowledge about cataract. Whereas, rural residence [AOR = 0.19 (95% CI: 0.12–0.31)] was negatively associated with knowledge about cataract. Conclusions More than one third of the participants still had poor knowledge about cataract. This implies that health facilities should be engaged and raises the awareness of the community and empowers people about eye care needs.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in Amhara regional state city and its’ surrounding rural districts: a community-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2580-2590
Author(s):  
Tadesse Dagget Tesfaye ◽  
Worku Animaw Temesgen ◽  
Ayele Semachew Kasa ◽  
Yeshaneh Seyoum Yismaw
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Regional State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Nowadays, among non-communicable diseases hypertension is a growing public health important disease both in developed and developing nations. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in Amhara Regional State city and its’ surrounding rural districts, Ethiopia. Method: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban and rural communities living in Amhara Regional State city and its’ surrounding rural districts administrations in 2015. The WHO Stepwise approach was used for data collection.Result: A total of 1405 subjects participated and the response rate was 95.5%. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 11.4% either previously diagnosed or undiagnosed and was higher in older ages. Whereas the prevalence of hypertension was 13% for urban and 10% for rural residents. Nearly half of them (46.3%) were newly diagnosed. A family history of hypertension, being underweight, overweight, obese, and raised fasting blood sugar were found to be significantly associated with raised blood pressure.Conclusion: One among every three (37.4 %) and one among every nine study participants were found to have pre-hypertension and hypertension respectively.Keywords: Prevalence of hypertension, blood pressure, Bahir Dar.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to assess the morbidity pattern, healthcare-seeking behavior and its determinants among adults of urban slum dwellers of Chennai

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4375
Author(s):  
Nilofur Banu ◽  
Kalaivani Annadurai ◽  
Karnaboopathy Ranganathan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Health seeking behavior is an important decision in health care management and it becomes more relevant among underprivileged populations like urban slums. The objectives of the study was to find out the morbidity pattern, health care seeking behaviours , the morbidity pattern its determinants among urban slum dwellers in Chennai.Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 400 respondents of Nallakuppam slum in Chennai by systematic random sampling method from October 2017 to October 2019. A semi structured schedule was used to collect information among them after their valid informed consent. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used.  Chi square test was used to assess the association between factors.Results: Almost half of the study participants (53.50%) were female and 30.50% have completed high school education. Hindu was the major religion practiced and most of them belonged to lower middle socio economic class. Though majority of the study population suffered from communicable diseases like ARI and fever which might be due to overcrowding in that area, treatment seeking behavior was found to be good among the study participant suffering from non-communicable disease like DM, HTN and CHD, which showed that the type of disease played an vital role in seeking treatment among the study participants.Conclusions: Though the study participants had different choice in health care such as government, private or some time both facilities for treating their illness, trust on the health care provider played an important role in availing services from particular health care facilities.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19 pandemic among adult population in Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0246283
Author(s):  
Amanuel Yoseph ◽  
Alemu Tamiso ◽  
Amanuel Ejeso
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction COVID-19 incidence is increasing and different measures have been adopted to control the spread of the pandemic in Ethiopia. Among these measures, enhancing the knowledge, positive attitudes, and proper practices of prevention measures about the disease is a basic strategy to control it. However, community compliance to control measures is largely dependent on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. Objective To assess the current level of KAP towards COVID-19 pandemic and predictors among the rural dwellers in Sidama regional state, Southern Ethiopia; 2020. Methods This community-based prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from May 1–30, 2020 on a sample of 1,278 adult populations in Sidama regional state, Southern Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to choice the study participants. The data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. We have entered data using Epi data version 3.1 and all analyses were done using SPSS version 25. KAPs scores of study participants based on their independent variables were compared using Chi-square test, t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) as required. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with KAP. The important assumptions of the logistic regression model were checked to be satisfied. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the existence and strength of associations. Results From a total of 1,214 study participants, the overall attained knowledge, attitude and practice score about COVID-19 were 90%, 82.4% and 65%, respectively. Among these, 43.9%, 37.5%, and 24.4% of the study participants had demonstrated good knowledge, high attitude and proper practice, respectively. The mean knowledge scores were significantly different between sex, categories of marital status, educational levels, main occupation, and the monthly income quintiles of the study participants (p<0.05). Similarly, the mean attitude scores significantly varied across educational levels, main occupations and marital status (p<0.05). Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, main occupation of the government employees, education level of diploma and above, highest and second highest wealth rank were positively associated with COVID-19 prevention and control practice. Conclusions The majority of study participants had showed good knowledge and optimistic attitude toward COVID-19. But, the level of practice lower than that expected to maximize effective control measures. Further public education interventions and community sensitization campaigns are required for rural adult population in the Sidama regional state, Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Covid-19 vaccination coverage and break through infections in urban slums of Bengaluru, India: A cross sectional study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar D.R. ◽  
Srividya J ◽  
Apoorva E Patel ◽  
Vidya R
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Very High

Background: The ongoing pandemic of Corona virus disease 2019(covid 19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2(SAR COV 2). The world health organization declared it as public health emergency of international concern on January 2020 and later declared as pandemic on 11 March 2020.One of the high risk groups for COVID 19 disease are people residing in urban overcrowded slums and as most of the population is migrant, they are less aware of the pandemic and have less access to health care facilities. Vaccinating these high risk groups can decrease disease burden and control the ongoing pandemic. Objectives: 1] To estimate COVID 19 vaccination coverage 2] To assess the factors responsible for COVID 19 vaccination coverage and vaccine hesitancy 3] To study AEFI pattern following COVID 19 vaccination 4] To determine the prevalence of breakthrough infections after COVID 19 Vaccination in urban slums of Bengaluru, India. Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Urban slums belonging to Urban Health and Training Centre, Department of community medicine, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru Rural District, Karnataka, India. After obtaining Institutional ethical clearance and informed consent from study participants, data was collected from 1638 participants, fulfilling inclusion criteria using a predesigned, pretested, structured questionnaire. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Chi square test and Fischers exact test was applied and p <0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: In the present study, 35.5% (583 out of 1638) of the study participants had taken COVID Vaccine, of which 533 (91.42%) were partially vaccinated and remaining 50 (8.5%) were fully Vaccinated. Majority i.e. 98.45% have taken vaccine at Govt health centers. 63.65% vaccinated with Covishield reported adverse events, whereas 18.6% vaccinated with Covaxin reported adverse events. Adverse events were more likely to be reported by women (74.7%) compared to men (58.6%) , this observation was consistent across all age groups. Vaccination coverage was high among 18 to 45 years age group (37.75%), males (64.86%), Christians (47.05%) followed by Hindus (43.56%), graduates (95.67%), clerical and skilled workers (70.75%), Upper middle socioeconomic class (72.41%). This difference was statistically significant. Our study reported Break through infections in 7 out of total 583 vaccinated with a prevalence of 1.2%. The break through infections was very high among partially vaccinated (85.71%) as compared to fully vaccinated individuals (14.28%). This was observed among those vaccinated with Covaxin only. Conclusion: The COVID 19 vaccine coverage was low in urban slums. The prevalence of Break through infections in our study was higher as compared to available data/reports in the country. Break through infections was very high among partially vaccinated as compared to fully vaccinated individuals. This study on break through infections on COVID vaccination is first study in South India on general population. The most important factor for vaccine hesitancy is the occurrence of mild or serious adverse effects following immunization, and this may be the biggest challenge in the global response against the pandemic. Key words: COVID 19 vaccination, Break through infections, Vaccine hesitancy, Adverse events COVID vaccination, Urban slums

HIGH PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITON AND WORM INFECTION AMONG VAN KIEU AND PAKOH CHILDREN AGED 12-36 MONTHS IN DAKRONG DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE

2012 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Thi Lan Tran ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Xuan Ninh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Group Recommendation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

Objectives: Assess the nutritional status, worm infection status and some related factors among children aged 12-36 months of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Subject and method: A cross sectional study was carried out in 2010, in 680 children aged 12-36 months in 4 communes of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Results: The malnutrition rate was 55.0% for underweight, 66.5% for stunting and 16.2% for wasting. The prevalence of malnutrition increases by age group. The prevalence of worm infection was 31.6%, the highest prevalence was belong to Ascaris infection (24.6%), followed by Hookworm and Trichuris (6.5% and 6.2%, respectively). The prevalence of worm infection among children under two is very high (27.0%). The prevalence of worm infection was distributed quite equally between the malnutrition children group and normal children group. Recommendation: Early deworming forchildren from 12 months should be considered as important strategy against the malnutrition of children in Dakrong district, Quang Tri province

scholarly journals Undernutrition and associated factors in orphan children aged 6–59 months in Gambella Southwest, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e045892
Author(s):  
Solomon Feleke ◽  
Gudina Egata ◽  
Firehiwot Mesfin ◽  
Gizachew Yilak ◽  
Abebaw Molla
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orphaned Children ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Children Under 5

ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and associated factors in orphaned children under 5 years old.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingGambella City, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA sample of 419 under 5 orphaned children included in the study. Eligible households with orphans had selected using a systematic random sampling method. The lottery method was used when more than one eligible study participants live in the household. An OR with 95% CI was performed to measure the strength of association between each dependent variable and independent variables. Variables with p<0.05 were declared statistically significant.Primary outcomeThe main outcome of this study was the prevalence of undernutrition among orphaned under 5 and its associated factors.ResultsPrevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in orphan children under 5 were 12.2%, 37.8% and 21.7%, respectively. The prevalnce of wasting peaks among age group of 36–47 months (42.5%), whereas underweight peaks in 48–59 months (27.7%). Food insecurity, wealth index, family size, vitamin A supplementation, diarrhoea, fever 2 weeks before the survey, children under 5 and parents’ death were associated with undernutrition.ConclusionThe prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight among orphan children under 5 was significantly high. Multisectoral collaborative efforts towards access to health services, improving income-generating activities, micronutrient supplementation and social support and protection targeting orphan and vulnerable populations have to be built up.

scholarly journals Association of breastfeeding and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in postmenopausal parous women: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010 ~ 2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusuk Lee ◽  
Taehong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding (BF) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) is important for maternal long-term health benefits and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the association between BF and Mets and its components among postmenopausal parous Korean women. Methods This cross-sectional study on 10,356 Korean women used nationally representative data from the KNHANES from 2010 to 2016. Anthropometric, laboratory data and manual BP were measured. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of BF with Mets and its components after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A p-value < 0.05 was to be considered statistically significant. Results Mets was present in 42% of the study participants. The BF group had low household income and education level. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group was higher than that in the non-BF group (42.69% vs. 34.76%, p <  0.001). BF was associated with increased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.65, p <  0.001). The BF group was at higher risks for diabetes (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.14–1.98), hypertension (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03–1.68), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02–1.99) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65). Conclusion In this study, BF did not affect decreasing the prevalence of Mets and its components.

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