scholarly journals Determinants of Contraceptive use on Fertility Reduction in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Muremyi ◽  
David Mutabazi
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
The People ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: Rwanda has shown a rise in the use of contraception from 17% to 52% between 2010 and 2015 due to the promotion of family planning. Despite, the increase in number of contraceptive use there still a high rate of fertility rate which is the increase of population growth in RwandaMethods: In this study, the determinants of contraceptive use on fertility rate reduction in Rwanda was assessed using the data from RDHS 2014/2015 and the sample was constituted with 5,954 household respondents where the targeted population were male between 15-59 years and female between 15-49 years of age, multinomial logistic regression was used to prove the full contribution of contraceptive use to the fertility reduction in the country in order to improve Rwandan’s welfare.Results: The findings from our study, indicated that gender, province, education level are statistically significant , thus (AOR=0.45, CI 95% -.8 561241 to -.6059524 ) indicate that women decreased the adjusted odd ratio on the use of contraceptive use compared to men at 45%., (AOR=1.077, CI95%, 0214347 to .099044) this means that there was an increase of the use of contraceptive use in other provinces compared to those located in Kigali city,( AOR=1.130, CI95%, .0 685488 to .1644038) increase of contraceptive use on the head of household with high level of education compared to those with lower level of education. Conclusion: The people who have higher level of education use contraceptive use compare to other level of education. Finally, policy makers should consider programs to keep girls in schools, at least up to secondary level. Furthermore, sexual and reproductive health programs should be encouraged in the adolescents.

scholarly journals Contraceptive Practice of Married Women: Experience from a Rural Community of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Md Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Mahfuzar Rahman ◽  
Sazia Huq ◽  
Sardar Mahmud Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Level

Bangladesh is a country having high density of population in the world. Its fertility rate ranges from 4.1 to 5.49 and life expectancy is 66years while the total fertility rate of Asia is 2.2 and life expectancy 70 years. This descriptive type of cross sectional survey was carried out among 240 married women of reproductive age from July to December, 2012 in some villages of Keranigonj, Upazila, Dhaka. 73(31%) were practicing some methods of contraception, while 167 (69%) were not using it. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) was the commonest method of contraception followed by Condoms 12(5%), Injectable 12(5%), Implant 12(5%) & Tubectomy 6(3%). None was found using IUCD and Traditional method ( withdrawal, rhythm method ) and emergency contraceptive method. The use of contraceptive was more common in grand multipara (p<0.01), >35 years old ladies (p<0.05). Non users of contraceptives in this study were 167 (69%) and the major reason for the non use was intention to have more children 53(31.46%) followed by pressure from the husband 21(12.35%), prohibition by the religion 18 (10.9%) and desire for son 17 (10.11%). Among the 73 contraceptive users 38 (52%) experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The commonest side effects were menstrual irregularities 17(23.8%) followed by change in body weight 8(11.19%). Frequency of contraceptive use was found comparatively low among rural married women despite high level of awareness. Desire for larger family, religious concerns and fear of side effects were the main factors responsible for non users. Religious scholars must play their role in clarifying many aspects regarding contraceptives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i1.18767 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 1: January 2014, Pages 14-18

scholarly journals Social Capital and Contraceptive Use among Rural Dwellers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
U. A. Asa ◽  
V. V. Nkan
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Abstract The study assessed the relationship between social capital and contraceptive use among rural dwellers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data obtained from one hundred and sixty rural dwellers, using multi-stage sampling procedure, were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results show that 51.3% of the respondents, with an average age of 40 years, were females and 71.3% were married. Majority of the respondents (96.2%) had formal education with an average monthly income of N28,900.50. Results also reveal that a high level of social capital exists among 56.9% of the respondents; and that the most utilized contraceptive methods by the rural dwellers were barrier methods, hormonal contraceptives and abstinence. A simple linear regression shows that social capital positively influences contraceptive use by rural dwellers in the study area. Hence, social capital should be taken cognizance of by policy makers in the study area when formulating policies aimed at controlling the rural populace via contraceptive use.

scholarly journals Healthy Foods as Proxy for Functional Foods: Consumers’ Awareness, Perception, and Demand for Natural Functional Foods in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhter Ali ◽  
Dil Bahadur Rahut
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The People ◽  
And Gender

Using comprehensive primary dataset collected from 400 respondents from all four major provinces of Pakistan, this study assesses consumers’ knowledge, awareness, and perception regarding the use of functional foods. The empirical findings show that the majority of the consumers do not have information and knowledge about the functional foods in Pakistan. Hence, the frequency of consumption of functional food was low especially in rural areas. The result revealed that consumers with ill health were more eager to consume functional foods compared to healthier people. Besides health, the level of education and gender (female) of the respondent also play significant role in the acceptability and consumption of the functional foods in Pakistan. Geographically the people in the cities were more aware and willing to pay more for the functional foods as compared to people living in the villages. Majority of the consumers think that consumption of functional foods can help them to maintain good health, hence the policy makers’ needs to create more awareness.

scholarly journals Upaya Pencegahan Pernikahan Usia Dini pada Remaja di Kelurahan Jember Lor Kabupaten Jember

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Firda Laily Mufid ◽  
Muhammad Hoiru Nail
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Mental Preparation ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Village ◽  
Better Than

Abstrak Pernikahan merupakan suatu peristiwa yang sakral. Pernikahan merubah status seseorang dari bujangan atau janda/duda menjadi berstatus kawin. Dari ikatan pernikahan  yang ada diharapkan tercipta generasi baru yang lebih baik dari generasi sebelumnya. Karena itu diperlukan persiapan yang cukup matang bagi pasangan yang akan memasukinya, baik berupa persiapan fisik dan mental ataupun persiapan lain yang bersifat sosial ekonomi. Usia pernikahan dini menjadi perhatian penentu kebijakan serta perencana program karena berisiko tinggi terhadap kegagalan perkawinan, kehamilan usia muda yang beresiko kematian maternal, serta risiko tidak siap mental untuk membina perkawinan dan menjadi orang tua yang bertanggung jawab. Banyak faktor dan penyebab terjadinya pernikahan dini di desa, selain rendahnya tingkat pendidikan, alasan adat istiadat juga menjadi faktor penyebab tingginya angka pernikahan dini di Kelurahan Jember lor, Kecamatan Patrang, Kabupaten Jember. Perlu adanya upaya pencegahan untuk mengurangi angka pernikahan dini, karena hal ini juga akan dapat menekan laju angka kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dan perceraian.   Kata Kunci : Pernikahan, pernikahan dini, kekerasan, perceraian   Abstract  Marriage is a sacred event. Marriage changes a person's status from single or widowed to married status. From the existing marriage ties, it is hoped that a new generation will be created that is better than the previous generation. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare quite mature for the couple who will enter it, either in the form of physical and mental preparation or other preparations that are socio-economic in nature. Early marriage age is a concern for policy makers and program planners because of the high risk of marriage failure, early pregnancy at risk of maternal death, and the risk of not being mentally prepared to foster marriage and become responsible parents. There are many factors and causes of early marriage in the village, in addition to the low level of education, cultural reasons are also a factor in the high rate of early marriage in Jember lor Village, Patrang District, Jember Regency. Prevention efforts are needed to reduce the number of early marriages, because this will also be able to reduce the rate of domestic violence and divorce.   Keywords: Marriage, early marriage, violence, divorce

Explanations for High Levels of Infant Mortality in Pakistan - A Dissenting View

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Akbar Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Level ◽  
Important Objective

Over the years, as social scientists and economists have become critical of simply using the GNP per capita statistic as the major indicator for the level of development, especially in the case of underdeveloped countries, other more sensitive indicators, which reflect a broader range than does the GNP per capita, have begun to be preferred. One of the most important indicators to replace or supplement the GNP per capita concept is the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) statistic. The importance of this indicator as a reflector of the level of development is further enhanced when one considers the fact that it was one of the three indicators chosen by Morris (1979) for his monumental Physical Quality of Ufe Index. Thus, the careful observation over time of the IMR is an important, albeit still crude, sign for the way a country is progressing. And given this importance, it becomes one of the main targets which needs to be addressed by policy-makers. However, before one is able to implement measures that bring this rate down, i.e., pushing the 'policy package', it is necessary to study carefully the actual causes that result in the high rate. Seeking tlxplanations for a high level of infant mortality, thus, becomes an important objective. The paper by Sathar (1987) is an attempt to do so.

UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AND WOMEN’S PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN INDONESIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN HARDEE ◽  
ELIZABETH EGGLESTON ◽  
EMELITA L. WONG ◽  
IRWANTO ◽  
TERENCE H. HULL
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Small Family Size ◽  
High Level ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Impact

Few studies have examined the impact of unintended pregnancy on women in developing countries. This paper examines the impact of unintended pregnancy on Indonesian women’s psychological well-being. It is hypothesized that experiencing unintended pregnancy is associated with lower psychological well-being and that use of family planning and small family size are associated with higher levels of psychological well-being. Data are drawn from a 1996 survey of 796 women aged 15–49 from two Indonesian provinces, Lampung and South Sumatra. This article focuses on the 71% of women (n=562) who answered all 41 survey items related to psychological well-being. In cluster analysis, women grouped into three clusters, differentiated by their scores on four scales of well-being established through factor analysis (general negative feelings, satisfaction with relationships, satisfaction with economic/family/personal conditions, and negative feelings regarding domestic issues). Women in cluster 3 were characterized mainly by their high level of psychological well-being. Women in cluster 1 had the lowest level of well-being, and women in cluster 2 were in the middle. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess jointly the effect of unintended pregnancy, contraceptive use, number of children and other factors on a woman’s level of psychological well-being. Unintended pregnancy was associated with lower levels of psychological well-being and contraceptive use was associated with higher levels of psychological well-being, while number of children was not associated with level of well-being. Women who had experienced an unintended pregnancy were less likely to be in the high psychosocial well-being cluster versus both the medium and low clusters. In addition, women using contraception were more likely to be classified in the high than in the low or medium well-being clusters.

Choice of processing techniques among rice processors in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omobolaji Olubukunmi Obisesan ◽  
Kabir Kayode Salman ◽  
Kemisola O. Adenegan ◽  
Ghene Oghenerueme Obi-Egbedi
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
High Level ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Rice Processing

PurposeRice processing, an important feature in rice production involving the transformation of harvested paddy into edible rice, is dependent on the type of rice processing techniques used. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the choice of processing techniques among rice processors in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out in Nigeria using structured questionnaires among 410 rice processors selected from four states (Ebonyi, Ekiti, Ogun and Nasarawa) from three geo-political zones (Southeast, Southwest and North-central) of Nigeria. Information on socio-economic characteristics (age, sex, household size, marital status and education) and processing characteristics (experience, paddy source, processing activities, processing techniques, credit and distance) were obtained. Data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression model at 0.05.FindingsThe mean age of processors was 47.8±9.9 years, mean household size was 6.5±4.2 persons and 88.7 percent were married. In total, 73.6 percent had formal education and mean years of experience was 16.4±9.2 years. Main processing activities were parboiling and drying (50.0 percent); milling (40.0 percent); and de-stoning (10.0 percent). In all, 65.7, 20.4 and 13.9 percent used traditional and modern techniques (TMTs), traditional techniques (TTs) and purely modern techniques (PMTs), respectively. The probability of choice of TT relative to TMT reduced by years of education (4.5 percent), paddy source (1.8 percent) and distance to processing center (4.4 percent), while probability of choice of PMT relative to TMT increased for male processors (7.3 percent), membership of association(18.0 percent) and other income sources (6.2 percent).Research limitations/implicationsLevel of education of processors and reduction in the distance taken to paddy source reduced choice of TTs.Practical implicationsOther income sources increased the choice of PMTs of rice processing in Nigeria.Social implicationsProcessors with high level of education, who also engage in other income generating activities, were able to choose modern processing techniques.Originality/valueThis research was an original research carried out among rice processors in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Contribution of Contraceptive Use on Fertility Reduction in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Muremyi ◽  
David Mutabazi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
Adolescent Fertility

Abstract Objectives: In this study, the contribution of contraceptive use on fertility rate reduction in Rwanda was assessed using the data from RDHS 2014/2015 and the sample was constituted with 5,954 household respondents where the targeted population were male between 15-59 years and female between 15-49 years of age, multinomial logistic regression was used to prove the full contribution of contraceptive use to the fertility reduction in the country in order to improve Rwandan’s welfare.Results: Compared to the traditional method and modern method it was found that 48.54% of male use modern method, while 5.39% uses traditional method; otherwise, 33.70% of female use modern method while 1.24% of female use traditional method, finally sexual and reproductive health programs should be encouraged and the parents must teach their children about the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) which will reduce the adolescent fertility which is rising day to day.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DENGAN UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE PADA MASYARAKAT DUKUH KARANGANYAR BUGEL POLOKARTO KARANGANYAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Herminto ◽  
Wiwin Winarni ◽  
Yosan Misoni
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
The People ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Correlation Design

Background : based on survey reported by Public Health Center at Polokarto on 2015,the incidence of DHF was increased accounted for 21.43% including people inKaranganyar. Early interview conducted on June 2015 revealed that there were 4 peoplewho suffered from DHF. The observation showed that the sanitation of the environmentwas much dirty. There were a lot of cans which used as mosquito nests. Some people inthat region reported that they have not yet to do prevention against DHF effectively.The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the education level andlevel of knowledge about DHF of people towards the efforts of DHF preventions.Methods : this research used analytic with correlation design. The total populationinvolved in this research were 150 people of Karanganyar region. Sampling technik usedwas total sampling. Data was collected by using questionnaire and observing thebehaviour of the people to collect data of prevention efforts. The data was analyzed usinglogistic regression aided by SPSS serial 16.Results of this study : 1) The majority people of Karanganyar had high level of knowledgeaccount for 96%. 2)The majority people had high level of education account for 65,33%.3) The majority people in Karanganyar had performed less effective of the efforts of DHFpreventions (76%). 4) Level of knowledge (OR=1,611) has stronger correlation than levelof education (OR=0,034) towards the efforts of DHF prevention.Conclusion : that education level dan knowledge level have significant correlation towardthe efforts of DHF prevention.Keywords: level of knowledge, level of education, the efforts of DHF preventions

Changes in demand for children between 2003 and 2013 in Nigeria: Evidence from survey data

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Stella Babalola ◽  
Joshua O. Akinyemi ◽  
Clifford O. Odimegwu
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Fertility Desire ◽  
The North ◽  
Demand For Children

Abstract Nigeria has one of the highest fertility rates in Africa. Data from 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys indicate a virtual stagnation of fertility rate since 2003. Low contraceptive use and pronatalist attitudes are among the factors contributing to the high fertility rate in Nigeria. In this manuscript, we pooled data from three most recent waves of Demographic and Health Surveys to examine trends in demand for children over time and identify the factors associated with change in demand for children. The data show that demand for children has declined since 2003 although not monotonically so. Variables that were positively associated with increased likelihood of desiring no additional children were residence in the South-West (as opposed to residence in the North-Central), exposure to family planning (FP) messages on the mass media, number of children ever born, educational level, and urban residence. In contrast, uncertainty about fertility desire was more widespread in 2008 compared to 2013 although less widespread in 2003 than in 2013. The likelihood of being undecided about fertility desire was positively associated with discrepancies in family size desires between husband and wife, parity and Islamic religious affiliation. Programs should aim to increase access to effective contraceptive methods and promote demand for contraceptives as a way of fostering a sustainable reduction in demand for children. Furthermore, strategies that address uncertainty by fostering women’s understanding of the social and health implications of large family sizes are relevant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document