scholarly journals Cytotoxicity, Redox and Immune Status in African Catfish, Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Exposed to Bisphenol a (BPA) and its Analogues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi D. Samuel ◽  
Joseph Adeyemi ◽  
Olufemi S. Bamidele ◽  
Fernando Barbosa ◽  
Chris O. Adedire
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Immune Parameters

Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the comparative toxicities and immune dysfunction in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and its two analogues; bisphenol AP (BPAP) and bisphenol P (BPP). Juveniles of C. gariepinus were exposed to sublethal concentrations (70 and 140 μg/L) of BPA, BPAP and BPP for 7, 14, or 21 days after which various endpoints which are indicative of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, haematological and innate immune parameters were determined in the liver homogenates or blood plasma. The exposure of C. gariepinus to BPA and its analogues caused significant increased activities of lactate dehydrogenase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. The exposed fish had increased levels of DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation, white blood cells, nitric oxide and respiratory burst while the red blood cells counts and the percentage packed cell volume decreased significantly in the exposed fish compared to control. The toxic effects elicited by the bisphenols were both concentration- and duration-dependent. Generally, BPA exerted the most toxic effects on the fish, followed by BPAP while BPP exerted the least toxic effect effects to C. gariepinus. Summarily, the findings indicated that BPA and its two analogues studied in the research are capable of causing cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and immune dysfunction in C. gariepinus.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary administration of the herbal additive siamweed (Chromolaena odorata) on growth performance and haematological changes in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adekunle Ayokanmi Dada ◽  
Oladoye Francis Sonibare
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata

This work was conducted to study the effect of diets supplemented with different levels of aqueous extract of siamweed (Chromolaena odorata) leaf powder on growth performance, feed utilization and some blood parameters of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings in 2014 at the Federal University of Technology, Nigeria. Fingerlings of about 6.84-6.86 g were fed diets supplemented with four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g) of C. odorata leaf extract powder for eight weeks. The highest specific growth rate (0.96±1.16 % day–1) and best food conversion ratio (2.87±0.26) were obtained in fish fed 0.5 g 100 g−1 C. odorata leaf extract powder diet treatment. There were significant differences in fish carcass protein, lipid or ash content among the treatments (p<0.05). No differences occurred in white blood cells among the treatments (p>0.05) but there were greater improvement in the white blood cells of fish fed on dietary C. odorata leaf extract powder compared to the fish fed the control diet. The results suggest that dietary supplementation with C. odorata leaf extract powder improved growth rate, feed utilization, white blood cells and survival of C. gariepinus fingerlings.

scholarly journals Hematological, Biochemical and Biometric Changes in Clarias Gariepinus Exposed to Antipsychotic Drug Chlorpromazine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martins Nnamdi Okpe ◽  
Christabel Chukwuebuka Eze ◽  
Hope Chinwe Ezinwa ◽  
Uduak Aletan ◽  
Henrietta Ijeoma Kelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Utmost Care

Abstract Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is a neuroleptic and antipsychotic medication for individuals suffering from schizophrenia and other medical conditions. This study investigated the effects of CPZ on the hematological, biochemical, and biometric characteristics in juvenile Clarias gariepinus. The fish were exposed to 0.53, 1.06 and 2.11 mgl−1 CPZ for 15 days after which they were withdrawn from the toxicant and allowed to recover for 5 days. Blood were sampled from the fish on day 1, 5, 10, 15 and during the 5-day recovering for hematological and biochemical analysis and thereafter, the fish were sacrificed for the morphometric analysis. While the values of the white blood cells significantly increased in the exposed fish, the hemoglobin, erythrocytes and packed cell volume decreased. Compared with the control, there were no significant differences in the values of the blood derivatives in the exposed fish. The values of protein and glucose reduced but that of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated. Though there was no significant difference in the condition factor, a significant increase in hepatosomatic index occurred on day-15 at 5.28 mg/L CPZ. After the 5-day withdrawal from the drug, most of the studied parameters returned to the control values. The present study indicated that CPZ is toxic to fish and should be used with utmost care to guard against toxicological effect on non-target organisms.

scholarly journals Haematological and Histopathological Examinations of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Exposed to Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Paraquat

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
I. B. Okey ◽  
J. J. Ekpenyong ◽  
F. U. Inya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Gill Filament ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
African Catfish

The study was designed to investigate the sub-lethal effects of paraquat on haematological parameters and histopathology of the gills, skin and liver of Clarias gariepinus juveniles of mean weight (38.26±1.20g) and length (17.50±1.55cm). The fish were exposed to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of the 96hrsLC50 value of 107mg/l estimated from the 96 hours acute toxicity test. Blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes for the analyses of some haematological parameters, while the gills, skin and liver were also removed for histological examinations following standard procedures. The result revealed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hgb), packed cell volume (PCV) and erythrocytes indices from the control. The white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets (Plt) were however increasing significantly (P < 0.05) from those of the control as the test concentrations increased. The histology of the gills revealed some alterations such as epithelial proliferation, vacuolation of the mucus, hyperplasia of epithelial tissue of the gill filament, lifting and necrosis of the secondary lamellae. The exposed skin showed mucous cell proliferation, erosion of the epithelial lining, hypertrophy, necrosis of epithelial cells and widening of the epidermal and dermal layers. The liver exhibited cellular proliferation, sinusoid enlargement, congestion of the central vein, paranchymatous degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, pyknotic nucleic degeneration, legions and necrosis with severity as concentration of paraquat increases. The gills and skin were observed to be the most affected tissues in this study. The study also revealed that paraquat was toxic to C. gariepinus and causes some haematological and histopathological alterations in the fish blood and tissues at concentrations higher than 30mg/l. Therefore, the use of paraquat by farmers should be regulated particularly in area close to the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Effect of aspartame on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in rat blood

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Prokic ◽  
Milica Paunovic ◽  
Milos Matic ◽  
Natasa Djordjevic ◽  
Branka Ognjanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Antioxidative Status

Aspartame (ASP) is one of the most widely used nonnutritive sweeteners. This study investigates the chronic effects of ASP on hematological and biochemical parameters, and its effects on the oxidative/antioxidative status in the red blood cells of Wistar albino rats. Rats were provided with ASP (40 mg/kg/daily for six weeks) in drinking water. Increased food and fluid intake was observed in the ASP-treated rats. Total body mass was significantly decreased in the ASP-treated rats. Treatment with ASP caused an increase in the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as a decrease in the levels of HDL-cholesterol in the serum. A significant decline in the number of white blood cells (WBC) was observed after ASP uptake. Based on the results we conclude that ASP induces oxidative stress, observed as an alteration of the glutathione redox status, which leads to increased concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxides (LPO) in the red blood cells. Changes in biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, as well as changes in the levels of oxidative stress markers and the appearance of signs of liver damage indicate that chronic use of ASP can lead to the development of hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and associated diseases.

scholarly journals Haemathological and histological evaluation of African catfish Clarias gariepinus following acute exposure to Methanolic extract of Khaya senegalensis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-482
Author(s):  
Matouke Matouke Moise ◽  
Obadiah Audu Abui
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis

Haematological and histopatholoical effects of methanolic extract of K. senegalensis leaves was investigated on Clarias gariepinus over a period of 96h exposure. The median lethal concentration of the extract was 199.69mg/L. The extract caused decreased in total erythrocytes (TEC) and Packed Cell volume (PCV) respectively and increased of total leukocytes (TLC). Histopathological lesions in the liver, cytoplasmic degeneration, less intracellular space, mild necrosis, sinusoidal blood congestion and marked blood congestion in hepathocytes were recorded. However the severity but not the type of lesions was concentration-dependent. Though, the degree of tissue change (DTC) varied with the methonolic extract used. There was significant association (P<0.05) between the DTC and K. senegalensis methanolic concentration. The cumulative DTC indicated a moderate damage in the liver. The extract was considered toxic to the exposed fish and therefore deleterious on the organs of C. gariepinus.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(3): 475-482, December 2015

Negative impacts of ultraviolet-A radiation on antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers of African catfish Clarias gariepinus

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1337-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Th. A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The present study was carried out to evaluate the ultraviolet-A (UVA) effects on biochemical, oxidative stress and antioxidant changes using aquatic species.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Potassium Dichromate-induced Haematoxicity and Oxidative Stress in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
O. I. Azeez ◽  
S. F. Braimah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Effect of potassium dichromate was studied experimentally in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with and without vitamin E in induced haematoxicity and oxidative stress. Blood samples were collected for haematology and plasma biochemical parameters while gills, liver and kidney samples were collected for evaluation of markers of oxidative stress. Exposure to potassium dichromate led to a significant decrease in PCV, RBC, haemoglobin concentration, MCV, MCH and total WBC when compared with the unexposed     control and those fed with vitamin E-supplemented feed. Nephrotoxicity was also observed as evidenced by increases in plasma creatinine levels. Exposure to potassium dichromate also led to increased oxidative stress as the concentrations of antioxidant endogenous enzymes - GPx, GST and GSH were depleted while potentiating lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radical generation. The changes in the haematological, biochemical and antioxidant parameters were restored in the fish fed with vitamin E-supplemented feed. The study showed exposure to potassium dichromate to be toxic to African catfish, causing anaemia and kidney damage with free radical generation and depletion of GSH and other antioxidant defence system but the toxic effect can be minimised along with weight gain in fish supplemented by vitamin – E in aquaculture.

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