Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome of Han Nationality in Southwest China

Abstract Backgroud To study of gut microbiota in IBS-D of Han nationality in Southwest China, explore its relationship with environmental factors and differential expression function of gut microbiota in patients. Methods 120 cases of IBS-D group and 63 cases of HCs group were recruited, baseline data such as age, height, weight, monthly income, work intensity, eating habits and exercise were collected. HAMA and HAMD scores were performed on the two groups. IBS-D group was scored with IBS-SSS and IBS-QOL, and the differences in gastrointestinal symptoms, mental and psychological status and quality of life were compared. The laboratory tests were performed such as blood routine and liver function. Fresh feces of the two groups were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. Then analyze the differences of gut microbiota between the two groups, and look for typical biomarkers of each. According to the dominant species and differentially expressed species at different classification levels, FAPROTAX was used to predict the functional differences of gut microbiota between the two groups. Taking the above scores and laboratory tests as environmental factors, spearman correlation analysis was conducted at the phylum level to explore the impact of environmental factors on the occurrence and development of gut microbiota and IBS-D. Results IBS-D patients are mostly concentrated in low-medium income people with medium-high labor intensity. The sleep time, exercise time, intake of vegetables and fruits of IBS-D are significantly lower than those of HCs, and the proportion of IBS-D who like to eat pepper is significantly higher than those of HCs. The scores of HAMA and HAMD, Urea nitrogen, AST, ALT , GGT in IBS-D were significantly higher than those in HCs.The richness of gut microbiota in IBS-D was significantly lower than that in HCs, but not diversity and eveness. The beta diversity index of gut microbiota community was significantly different between the two groups. The biomarkers of IBS-D were Prevotella, Clostridiales and Roseburia, the biomarkers of HCs were Veillonellaceae, Bacteroides-coprocola, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriumde, etc. The functions of gut microbiota in IBS-D were significantly up-regulated in cellulolysi, xylanolysis, and significantly down-regulated in fermentation, methanogenesis, nitrite_ammonification, nitrate_reduction. Correlation analysis showed that multiple intestinal microorganisms were closely related to HAMA, IBS-SSS, IBS-QOL, inflammatory indexes and liver enzymes. Conclusion There are significant differences in richness of gut microbiota, flora structure and flora function between IBS-D and HCs in Southwest China. These differences may be closely related to environmental factors such as eating habits, living habits and mental and psychological factors.The trial was registered and approved in China Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No.ChiCTR2100045751)

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The Effect of Host, Habitat and Fasting Time on the Gut Microbiota of Amphibian

10.21203/rs.3.rs-162992/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qing Tong ◽

Li-yong Cui ◽

Zong-fu Hu ◽

Xiao-peng Du ◽

Hong-bin Wang

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Early Stage ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Fasting Time ◽

The Impact ◽

Late Stages

Abstract Wild animals entering captivity experience radical lifestyle changes resulting in microbiota alterations, in large part due to differences in diet. However, little is known about how external environmental factors influences the gut microbiota and the interaction of the environment-host-microbe interactions in host fasting. The gut microbiota in the early stage (amA and dyA groups) and late stage of hibernation in Rana amurensis and R. dybowskii of entering captivity (amL and dyL groups) and wild environments (amS and dyS groups) was determined, and the effects of host, environmental factors and fasting time on the gut microbiota were investigated via high-throughput Illumina sequencing. The Shannon index differed significantly between the amL and dyL groups and between the amA and amS groups. The PD index differed significantly between the dyL and dyS groups. Eight core OTUs were widely distributed between species, habitats and fasting times and were dominant in abundance. Captive and wild environments, host species, and fasting time significantly affected the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. Akaike information criterion (AIC)-based model results suggested that the environment and host were the variables that needed to be included in redundancy analysis (RDA) to explain the variance in taxa. The pairwise distances between the early and late stages of hibernation of were greater in R. amurensis and R. dybowskii entering captivity than in wild. The average of OTUs shared by early and late stages of hibernation of captive frogs was significantly lower than the average of wild frogs. These results can reveal the impact of environmental changes on the gut microbiota, thereby revealing the important interactions between environment-host-microbes, and helping to protect vertebrate hosts.

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Microbial Response to Fungal Infection in a Fungus-Growing Termite, Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki)

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.723508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Chen-Yu Wu ◽

Jing Meng ◽

Austin Merchant ◽

Yi-Xiang Zhang ◽

Mu-Wang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Fungal Infection ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Gut Flora ◽

Metarhizium Robertsii ◽

Susceptibility To Infection ◽

Microbial Response ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

Odontotermes Formosanus ◽

The Impact

The crosstalk between gut microbiota and host immunity has emerged as one of the research foci of microbiome studies in recent years. The purpose of this study was to determine how gut microbes respond to fungal infection in termites, given their reliance on gut symbionts for food intake as well as maintaining host health. Here, we used Metarhizium robertsii, an entomopathogenic fungus, to infect Odontotermes formosanus, a fungus-growing termite in the family Termitidae, and documented changes in host gut microbiota via a combination of bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing, metagenomic shotgun sequencing, and transmission electron microscopy. Our analyses found that when challenged with Metarhizium, the termite gut showed reduced microbial diversity within the first 12 h of fungal infection and then recovered and even surpassed pre-infection flora levels. These combined results shed light on the role of gut flora in maintaining homeostasis and immune homeostasis in the host, and the impact of gut flora dysbiosis on host susceptibility to infection.

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Effect of Sheng-Jiang Powder on Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/6697638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Juan Li ◽

Qian Hu ◽

Dai Xiao-yu ◽

Lv Zhu ◽

Yi-fan Miao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

High Fat ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

The Impact ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Background and Aims. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an alarming global health problem that is predicted to be the major cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation by next decade. Gut microbiota have been revealed playing an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Sheng-Jiang Powder (SJP), an empirical Chinese medicine formula to treat NAFLD, showed great hepatoprotective properties, but the impact on gut microbiota has never been identified. Therefore, we performed this study to investigate the effect of SJP on gut microbiota in NAFLD mice. Methods. NAFLD was induced by 12 weeks’ high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Mice were treated with SJP/normal saline daily for 6 weeks. Blood samples were obtained for serum biochemical indices and inflammatory cytokines measurement. Liver tissues were obtained for pathological evaluation and oil red O staining. The expression of lipid metabolism-related genes was quantified by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Changes in gut microbiota composition were analyzed by the 16s rDNA sequencing technique. Results. HFD feeding induced significant increase in bodyweight and serum levels of TG, TC, ALT, and AST. The pathological examination revealed obvious hepatic steatosis in HFD feeding mice. Coadministration of SJP effectively protected against bodyweight increase and lipid accumulation in blood and liver. Increased expression of PPARγ mRNA was observed in HFD feeding mice, but a steady elevation of PPARγ protein level was only found in SJP-treated mice. Meanwhile, the expression of FASN was much higher in HFD feeding mice. Microbiome analysis revealed obvious changes in gut microbiota composition among diverse groups. SJP treatment modulated the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing bacteria, including norank-f-Erysipelotrichaceae and Roseburia. Conclusions. SJP is efficient in attenuating HFD-induced NAFLD, and it might be partly attributed to the regulation of gut microbiota.

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Assessing the sustainability of the Siberian Federal District regions

Regional Economics Theory and Practice ◽

10.24891/re.18.5.891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 891-908

Author(s):

T.A. Smirnova

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Regional Development ◽

Federal District ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Siberian Federal District ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

The Impact ◽

Empirical Analyses

Subject. This article deals with the issues of functioning of the region as a system. Objectives. The article aims to identify the problems of the region's functioning as a system, develop methodological tools to monitor the sustainable development of the Siberian Federal District territories, and determine the the impact of socio-economic and environmental factors on the sustainable development of the region as a whole. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of theoretical, statistical, and empirical analyses taking into account an integrated approach. Results. The article reveals the impact of some individual components of regional development on the sustainability of the territorial system as a whole. Relevance. The results of the study can be used to analyze the sustainability of regions' development.

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Directions of Accounting Environmental Factors for Forecasting Formation of Agroecosystems

Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises ◽

10.31442/0235-2494-2020-0-8-31-35 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

L.Z. Khalishkhova ◽

◽

A. Kh. Temrokova ◽

I.R. Guchapsheva ◽

K.A. Bogаtyreva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Logical Analysis ◽

Management Decisions ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

The Impact

Ensuring the sustainable development of agroecosystems requires research into the justification of the impact of environmental factors on the formation of territorial agroecosystems and identifies ways to take them into account in order to justify management decisions and ensure environmental safety. The main goal of the research within the article is to identify the most significant environmental factors in predicting the formation of agroecosystems. Provisions are devoted to the study of the laws governing the functioning of agroecosystems in order to increase their stability. The methods of comparative analysis, generalization, abstraction, logical analysis are applied. A number of provisions are formulated regarding ways to account for the influence of factors on the formation of key elements of agroecosystems.

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The Impact of Gut Microbiota in Anastomoses Insufficiency After Resection and Direct Anastomosis for Colorectal Cancer.

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04252560 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Direct Anastomosis ◽

The Impact

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The impact of dietary fiber on gut microbiota in host health and disease.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.733450095.793569645 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eamonn Quigley

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Host Health ◽

Health And Disease ◽

The Impact

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BOARD INVITED REVIEW: The pig microbiota and the potential for harnessing the power of the microbiome to improve growth and health1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (9) ◽

pp. 3741-3757 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nirosh D Aluthge ◽

Dana M Van Sambeek ◽

Erin E Carney-Hinkle ◽

Yanshuo S Li ◽

Samodha C Fernando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Animal Health ◽

Microbial Colonization ◽

Critical Importance ◽

Specific Host ◽

Microbiome Research ◽

Health And Disease ◽

The Impact

Abstract A variety of microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Pioneers in gut microbiology have stressed the critical importance of diet:microbe interactions and how these interactions may contribute to health status. As scientists have overcome the limitations of culture-based microbiology, the importance of these interactions has become more clear even to the extent that the gut microbiota has emerged as an important immunologic and metabolic organ. Recent advances in metagenomics and metabolomics have helped scientists to demonstrate that interactions among the diet, the gut microbiota, and the host to have profound effects on animal health and disease. However, although scientists have now accumulated a great deal of data with respect to what organisms comprise the gastrointestinal landscape, there is a need to look more closely at causative effects of the microbiome. The objective of this review is intended to provide: 1) a review of what is currently known with respect to the dynamics of microbial colonization of the porcine gastrointestinal tract; 2) a review of the impact of nutrient:microbe effects on growth and health; 3) examples of the therapeutic potential of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics; and 4) a discussion about what the future holds with respect to microbiome research opportunities and challenges. Taken together, by considering what is currently known in the four aforementioned areas, our overarching goal is to set the stage for narrowing the path towards discovering how the porcine gut microbiota (individually and collectively) may affect specific host phenotypes.

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Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2020.612875 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Xupeng Yuan ◽

Jiahao Yan ◽

Ruizhi Hu ◽

Yanli Li ◽

Ying Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Control Group ◽

Metabolic Activities ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P < 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

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