scholarly journals Identification of comparability indicators of the pulp mill discharged treated effluents quality with the technological parameters of the production nature intensity

2021 ◽  
pp. 256-269
Author(s):  
А.И. Шишкин ◽  
М.С. Строганова
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Sulfate Pulp ◽  
Pulp Production

В соответствии с изменением природоохранного законодательства проблема минимизации природоёмкости сульфат-целлюлозного производства, влияющего на экосистему озера, неразрывно связана с изучением вопроса трансформации и превращения загрязняющих веществ в воде с учетом гидрологических характеристик водоема. Природоёмкость целлюлозного производства определяется следующими показателями: количество и качество используемого сырья – древесина, щепа, химические реагенты, вода; технологический процесс производства целлюлозы, бумаги, картона, побочных продуктов – скипидар, талловое масло; эффективность систем очистки сбросов и выбросов предприятия, а также применяемые природоохранные технологии по их управлению. Решались задачи снижения негативного воздействия сульфат-целлюлозного производства на водную экосистему. Совместно с лабораторией отдела охраны окружающей среды целлюлозного завода в летне-осенний период 2020 г. проведен ряд лабораторных исследований сточных вод разной степени очистки после варки разных марок целлюлозы с целью изменения показателей экологичности состава сточных вод ЦБП по критериям региональной экологической техноёмкости. Реализована модель исследования трансформации загрязняющих веществ очищенных и неочищенных сточных вод сульфат-целлюлозного производства при различных разбавлениях природной водой. Представлены целевые и репрезентативные показатели щелокосодержащих сточных вод с учетом наилучших доступных технологий (НДТ) в области производства целлюлозы. Проведены исследования параметров кинетики биохимического окисления при пяти кратностях разбавления водой, имитирующих зону начального и основного разбавления. Произведено соизмерение определяющих технологических характеристик производственно-территориального комплекса в рамках решения задачи эколого-технологического нормирования. In accordance with the changes in environmental legislation the issue of minimizing the nature intensity of sulfate-pulp production, which affects the ecosystem of the lake, is inextricably linked with the study of the transformation and transformation of pollutants in the water, taking into account the hydrological characteristics of the reservoir. The natural intensity of pulp production is determined by the quantity and quality of the raw materials used – wood, wood chips, chemical reagents, water; the technological process of production of pulp, paper, cardboard, as well as by-products such as turpentine, tallow oil and efficiency and applied environmental technologies for the management of discharges, emissions and waste of production and consumption. The tasks of reducing the negative impact of sulfatecellulose production on the aquatic ecosystem were solved. Together with the laboratory of the environmental protection department of the pulp mill, a number of laboratory studies of treated and untreated waste water after cooking of different grades of pulp were carried out in the summer-autumn period of 2020 in order to implement the procedure for rationing waste water of the pulp and paper mill according to the criteria of regional environmental technology intensity. A model is presented for studying the transformation of pollutants in treated and untreated wastewater from sulfate-pulp production at various dilutions with natural water. Target and representative indicators of alkaline-containing wastewater are presented, taking into account the best available technologies (BAT) in the field of pulp production. The parameters of the biochemical oxidation kinetics were studied at five water dilution multiplicities simulating the initial and main dilution zones. The main characteristics of the production and territorial complex were measured within the framework of the tasks of environmental rationing.

scholarly journals Minimizing the Chlorine Content in Bleached Sulfate Pulp for Sanitary Tissue products and Food Packaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Ekaterina D. Sofronova ◽  
◽  
Vadim А. Lipin ◽  
Vladimir К. Dubovy ◽  
Tatyana А. Sustavova
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Pulp Bleaching ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Elemental Chlorine ◽  
Sulfate Pulp ◽  
Pulp Production

The increasing consumption of pulp for chemical processing, including production of sanitary tissue products and other medical products, food packaging, as well as fillers for food products leads to new requirements for the quality of raw materials. The task of improving the characteristics of pulp has become particularly acute in connection with the COVID-19 epidemic: the demand for disposable nonwoven materials in direct contact with the human skin has increased several times over. The elemental chlorine free (ECF) sulfate pulp bleaching process, which uses chlorine dioxide as a bleaching agent, dominates bleached pulp production worldwide. The chlorine-containing compounds formed as a result of bleaching pollute not only waste water, but also the product itself. In the near future, it is expected that paper products made with chlorine-based bleaches may be banned for the production of sanitary tissue products and food packaging. If the products of the pulp and paper industry do not meet international consumer requirements, the pulp market for these purposes may face undesirable results. The most promising direction of modernization the existing bleaching schemes, both in terms of the process consumption parameters and the quality of the produced pulp, is the use of oxygen-alkaline bleaching in the first stage. Determination of total and organically bound chlorine content in pulp materials in accordance with ISO 11480:2017 on the advanced plant has shown, that the introduction of bleaching schemes using oxygen-alkaline agents will ensure the recommended content of chlorine compounds while maintaining the necessary characteristics of pulp for the manufacture of medical and sanitary tissue products, food packaging. However, high quality of finished products that meet consumers’ requirements is possible only if the chlorine content is controlled at all stages of pulp production, since the quantitative indicators of this substance content remain close to the upper allowable limit. For citation: sofronova e.D., Lipin v.A., Dubovy v.K., Sustavova t.A. Minimizing the Chlorine Content in bleached sulfate pulp for sanitary tissue products and food packaging. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 186–195. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-186-195

scholarly journals Refining of crude sulfate turpentine obtained from a kraft pulp mill: A pilot scale treatment

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 8098-8110
Author(s):  
Ahsen Ezel Bildik Dal
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
Sulfurous Compounds ◽  
Refining Processes

Crude sulfate turpentine (CST), a by-product of the kraft process, has commercial value that depends on the removal of sulfur compounds. The current study investigates desulfurization of CST using basic process steps for a paper mill at a pilot scale treatment. In another aspect, the sulfurous compounds in CST were removed by passing to the aqueous phase with terpin hydrate production, followed by α-terpineol conversion with citric acid catalysis. The goal was to design an environmentally friendly, low-cost, zero waste process and thereby refine the CST or byproducts to a quality that can produce chemical raw materials. Refining processes included hypochlorite oxidation, air oxidation, washing with water, and distillation. The sulfur content was decreased to 170, 106, and 29 ppm from respectively by 1260 ppm initial sulphur content of CST. The chlorine amount, due to treatment with hypochlorite oxidation, did not decrease with refining processes, even in distilled fraction. By obtaining α-terpineol from terpin hydrate, the sulfur compounds were completely removed. According to the GS-MS analysis results, distilled sulfate turpentine (DST) as the final product of the refining process of the CST sample increased the ratio with pinenes. On the other hand, with two reaction steps by obtaining terpin hydrate from CST and then α-terpineol, pinenes were converted to α-terpineol.

Adsorption Characteristics of a Biotreated Pulp Mill Effluent

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferhan. Çeçen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Carbon Addition ◽  
Adsorption Characteristics ◽  
Freundlich Equation ◽  
Sulfate Pulp ◽  
Carbon Treatment

Spent bleaching effluents from the chlorination and extraction steps of a sulfate pulp mill were subjected to activated carbon treatment to investigate the elimination of nonbiodegradable matter. For this purpose the biotreated waste water containing mainly nonbiodegradable matter was treated with different activated carbon types. The elimination degree of nonbiodegradable matter was determined and adsorption isotherms were generated in terms of the parameters COD, DOC, Color436 and UV254. The removal level was over 90% when the carbon dosage exceeded 10 000 mg/l. AOX compounds could be eliminated over 90%. The isotherms could be expressed by the Freundlich equation. It was shown that the shape of the isotherms was strongly dependent on the carbon dosage employed. According to carbon dosage three different adsorption regions were distinguished and for each region the corresponding Freundlich constants K and n were determined. Carbon addition led to a change in the composition of wastewater as shown by decreasing COD/DOC, UV254/DOC and Color436/DOC ratios. Further it was shown that the relatively fast color and UV analyses were accurate enough to characterize the adsorptivity.

scholarly journals Characteristics of local wastewater quality in the sulphate production of fibre semi-finished products

2021 ◽  
pp. 232-249
Author(s):  
К.Г. Боголицын ◽  
Е.А. Москалюк ◽  
Н.М. Костогоров ◽  
Е.В. Шульгина ◽  
Н.Л. Иванченко
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Sulfate Production ◽  
Wastewater Quality

Федеральным законом «Об охране окружающей среды» и отдельными законодательными актами России в области экологии основным направлением развития экономики определена гармонизация технологических и экологических решений с внедрением наилучших доступных технологий. Производство целлюлозы, бумаги, картона относится к наиболее водоемким производствам и в силу образования значительных объемов сточных вод, содержащих различные по химической природе компоненты, оказывает негативное воздействие на окружающую среду. Поэтому задача создания эффективной системы эколого-аналитического контроля качества сточных вод на всех стадиях технологического производства, очистки и выпуска в природные водоемы остается наиболее востребованной и актуальной. Обоснованы принципы построения системы внутрипроизводственного контроля интегрированного целлюлозно-бумажного предприятия по производству картона на основе обобщенных показателей качества локальных стоков. Показаны специфические особенности формирования и характеристики состава сточных вод сульфатцеллюлозного производства при совместном упаривании «черных» и «красных» щелоков. The main direction of the development of economic is harmonization of technological and ecological solutions with the introduction of the best available technologies as stated by the Federal law “On environmental protection” and legislative acts of the Russian Federation. The production of cellulose, paper, and cardboard is one of the most water-consuming industries and due to the formation of the significant volumes of wastewaters containing various chemical components have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, the aim of the creating of a system of the effective ecological and analytical control of wastewaters’ quality at all stages of technological production; their purification and release into natural waters remains the most in demand and urgent. In the present article the principles of creation of the system in-house control of an integrated pulp and paper mill producing the cardboard based on the generalized indicators of local effluents’ quality. The specific features of the formation and characterization of the composition of wastewaters from cellulose sulfate production with the joint evaporation of the “black” and “red” liquors.

Experimental Study on the Control of Nutrients in Activated Sludge Treatment

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reijo Saunamäki
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Phosphorus Addition ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mill Waste

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the need for addition of phosphorus during the treatment of pulp and paper mill waste waters by the activated sludge method. The study also included the testing of different modifications of the activated sludge method (a completely mixed, three completely mixed reactors in series, anaerobic/aerobic) to see how different forms of phosphorus and nitrogen (total-N, NH+4 - N, NO-2 - N, NO-3 - N) are present in the influent and effluent. The tests were conducted using waste water from two newsprint/magazine paper mills and from a bleached sulphate pulp mill. Different loadings and levels of phosphorus addition were applied. When paper mill waste water was treated at normal loading (sludge load was c. 0.3 kgBOD/(kgMLVSS*d)), a small phosphorus addition was needed to secure efficient operation. The optimum BOD:P ratio was about 100:0.4, in which case the treated effluent had a total phosphorus content of c. 0.5 mg/l (about 70% reduction), a soluble phosphorus content of c. 0.3 mg/l and a phosphate phosphorus content of well below 0.1 mg/l. Larger phosphorus additions produced no further improvement in treatment results (BOD reduction c. 90% and COD c. 75%). Doubling the loading gave poorer results and the situation could not be rectified by adding phosphorus. Addition of phosphorus was not needed when treating pulp mill waste water, as has also been found when running activated sludge treatment plants at several mills. The BOD reduction (c. 95%) was excellent under all conditions. The COD reduction was 30-55%, AOX 30-35% and chlorophenols 90-95%. The total phosphorus content of the treated effluent was 0.3-0.7 mg/l when no phosphorus was added. This treatment also resulted in extremely low phosphate phosphorus levels. The biosludge contained 0.5-1.9% phosphorus, 0.5-0.8% when pulp mill waste waters were treated and occasionally around 2% for the paper mill. The experiments showed that it might be possible to operate the pulp mill treatment plant with even less phosphorus in relation to BOD compared with the BOD level of waste waters to which no phosphorus has been added. The mill could consider removing the excess phosphorus originating from lime mud neutralization before the waste water arrives at the treatment plant. In treating both these waste waters there is the risk of really high phosphorus discharges if care is not taken with the phosphorus addition. A typical situation of this type arises if the plant is run on the old "textbook rule" of BOD:P=100:1. The nitrogen was added as urea resulting in the BOD:N ratio of 100:(2.5-4.5). Total-N in the paper mill untreated waste water was in the range of 8.5-13 mg/l and in the effluent 2.5 - 5.0 mg/l, i.e. the removal was 55-75%. NH+4 - N in the influent was in the range of 1.5-3.0 mg/l and was totally removed in most of the runs. The concentration of (NO-2 - N + NO-3 - N) was only 40-50 µg/l, the removal was 0-85 % depending on the conditions. The activated sludge modification "three completely mixed reactors in series" yielded the best results when all parameters were taken into account.

scholarly journals Multi-criteria analysis of road bitumen production processes by oxidation of refined petroleum products

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Yuliya E. Pleshivtseva ◽  
Artem V. Kazarinov ◽  
Мaksim Yu. Derevyanov
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
The Road ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
Mathematical Programming Problems

Based on the DEA method, an approach has been developed for the multivariate analysis of the road bitumen production processes, allowing obtaining integral comparative assessments that ensure the ranking of processes according to various heterogeneous criteria. The main quantitative characteristics, qualitative indicators, and technological parameters of the oxidation processes are selected to form target functions when solving mathematical programming problems. Based on the CCR and Super Efficiency models of the DEA method, the problems of multivariate analysis of the efficiency of road bitumen production processes for the actual values ​​of the characteristics of raw materials and parameters of technological processes were formulated and solved, a comparative analysis of the estimates obtained for 64 bitumen samples was carried out. The results of the studies carried out make it possible to significantly expand the scope of the DEA method application and create on its basis a software package for multivariate analysis and optimization of bitumen production processes by improving the quality of the final product, reducing the resources for its production and reducing the negative impact on the environment.

scholarly journals Preparation, Properties and Use of Nanocellulose from Non-Wood Plant Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerii Barbash ◽  
Olga Yaschenko
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pulp Production

The chapter describes the chemical structure and hierarchical organization of cellulose fibers, characteristics of non-wood plant raw materials (NWPM), and methods for preparing pulp and nanocellulose (NC). NWPM have the necessary reserves and properties to make up for a possible shortage of wood fiber for pulp production. The methodology for evaluating the efficiency of the delignification processes of plant raw materials is presented. A two-stage technology for producing pulp for the preparation of NC by environmentally friendly organosolvent methods of NWPM delignification is proposed. Methods for preparing nanocellulose are described. The technological parameters of the extraction of NC from pulp are discussed. The influence of NC on the properties of composite materials is analyzed. Areas of use for NC from NWPM are shown.

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

Commissioning brownstock washing controls for an evaporator limited mill

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
RICARDO SANTOS ◽  
PETER HART
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Separation Point ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Oxygen Delignification ◽  
Percentage Points

An automated shower water control system has been implemented to reduce the volume and variability of weak black liquor being sent from the pulp mill to the evaporators. The washing controls attempt to balance the need for consistent and low soda carryover to the bleach plant with consistently high weak black liquor solids being sent to the evaporators. The washer controls were implemented on two bleachable grade hardwood lines (one with oxygen delignification, one without oxygen delignification) and one pine line. Implementation of the control program resulted in an increase in black liquor solids of 0.6 percentage points for the hardwood lines. Significant foam reduction was realized on the pine line since the pine black liquor solids were able to be consistently maintained just below the soap separation point. Low black liquor solids excursions to the evaporators were eliminated. Bleach plant carryover was stabilized and no negative impact on chemical consumption was noticed when controlling weak black liquor solids to recovery.

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