scholarly journals Early Response of High-density Peaches in Sod to Different Irrigation and Fertilizer Treatments

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 792E-792
Author(s):  
Richard E.C. Layne ◽  
Chin S. Tan ◽  
David M. Hunter ◽  
Robert A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Early Response ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Low Rate

Seven high-density (606 trees/ha) management systems for peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Harrow Beauty/Bailey] were compared on Fox sand in southwestern Ontario. Each system had an irrigation component (N = none D = drip, M = microsprinkler) and a fertilizer placement component (B = banded, L= low-rate fertigation, H = high rate fertigation). NB (nonirrigated, banded fertilizer) and DB (drip-irrigated) are commonly used systems in Ontario, while the other five treatment combinations were experimental. Trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) was generally greatest for DH and DB systems, smallest for ML and NB systems, and intermediate for the other three. No symptoms of N or K deficiency or excess were noted for any of the fertilizer treatments. The seven management systems each had similar cumulative yield efficiencies for the first 4 cropping years However, total marketable yields for the 4 years were highest for MB (58.7 t·ha–1), followed in descending order by DB (56.8 t·ha–1), DH (56.6 t·ha–1), MH (53.9 t·ha–1), DL (50.6 t·ha–1), ML (49.8 t·ha–1), and NB (47.5 t·ha–1). Each of the irrigated treatments outyielded the nonirrigated check (NB) and ranged from 4.8% to 23.6%. Only one of the irrigated treatments (MB) outyielded the irrigated check (DB), and by only 3.3%. There was no clear advantage for either the drip or microsprinkler system of irrigation. Banded application of N and K appeared to promote higher yields than by fertigation equivalent to the banded rate, while yields at the low rate of fertigation were lower than for either the high rate of fertigation or the banded application. It appeared that banded fertilizer combined with either microsprinkler (MB) or drip irrigation DB provided the most-effective of the management systems in the first 4 cropping years.

scholarly journals Irrigation and Fertilizer Application Methods Affect Performance of High-density Peach Orchards

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E.C. Layne ◽  
Chin S. Tan ◽  
David M. Hunter ◽  
Robert A. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentrations

Seven treatment combinations of irrigation and fertilizer were compared in a high-density (606 trees/ha) management system for peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Harrow Beauty/Bailey] on Fox sand in southwestern Ontario. Each treatment combination had an irrigation component (N = nonirrigated, D = drip irrigated, or M = microsprinkler irrigated) and a fertilizer placement component (B = banded fertilizer, L = low fertigation, or H = high fertigation). NB and DB are commonly used systems in Ontario, while the other five treatment combinations were experimental. Total soil water in the top 110 cm of soil was lowest under NB but was never at the permanent wilting point. Trunk cross-sectional area was largest under DH and DB, smallest under ML and NB, and intermediate for the other three treatment combinations. No symptoms of N or K deficiency or toxicity were noted for any of the fertilizer treatments. Leaf analyses in July and September indicated that most major and minor elements were in the adequate to slightly excess range. However, there were no significant treatment effects on leaf nutrient concentrations in July or September when averaged over the five years, except for Mg in July. There were large and significant year effects on leaf nutrient concentrations but no significant treatment × year interactions. During the first four cropping years, there were no significant treatment effects, averaged over years, for total yield, marketable yield, or cumulative yield efficiency; however, there were large year effects but no treatment × year interactions for these factors. There was no detectable yield advantage for D vs. M irrigation. B application of N and K promoted no higher yields than fertigation equivalent to the B rate or 50% of this rate. Fertigation of N and K during the first 4 years of this experiment did not provide a detectable yield advantage to warrant the added cost and labor associated with this system compared with the B applications of N and K.

Noncontingent Nonreinforcement of a Response as the Aversive Event in a Cer Paradigm

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1196-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Calef ◽  
Richard A. Kaufman ◽  
Ronald N. Bone ◽  
Steven A. Werk
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Aversive Event ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Response Facilitation ◽  
Early Training ◽  
Low Rate

The present experiment investigated the effects of noncontingent nonreinforcement as the aversive event in a CER paradigm. The results showed a significant response-facilitation effect during early training, but none during later training with a high rate-producing, high-density reinforcement schedule. The present results imply that a low rate-producing, high-density reinforcement schedule is not a necessary condition for response facilitation.

FUNGICIDAL CONTROL OF BOTRYTIS CINEREA ON FOUR STRAWBERRY VARIETIES

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
C. O. Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Rate

Captan, dichlofluanid at a high and a low rate, thiram, and a mixture of captan and thiram were tested in a field trial to control gray mold fruit rot caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. on the strawberry varieties Gorella, Midway, Redcoat and Sparkle. The mean marketable yield of the varieties was increased by dichlofluanid (low) and thiram but not by the other treatments over that of non-sprayed plots. Dichlofluanid (high) gave better control of pre-harvest fruit rot than captan. Dichlofluanid (high) significantly reduced mean fruit size. Redcoat yields were higher with the low rate than the high rate of dichlofluanid, but pre-harvest fruit rot control and fruit size did not differ with the two rates. Gorella yields and fruit size were smaller with captan + thiram than with captan or thiram. Thiram reduced fruit size on Midway. The varietal reaction to fungicides suggests that marketable yield is the most important variable in selecting a fungicide for the control of gray mold fruit rot of strawberries.

The Association between Diagnosis of Plantar Fasciitis and Windlass Test Results

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise De Garceau ◽  
Danielle Dean ◽  
Susan Mais Requejo ◽  
David B. Thordarson
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Positive Test Result ◽  
Pain Group ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Low Rate

Twenty-two patients with plantar fasciitis, 23 patients with other types of foot pain, and 30 patients in a control group were evaluated with the Windlass test performed in a weightbearing and non-weightbearing position. In the non-weightbearing test, the first MP joint was maximally dorsiflexed with the ankle stabilized. The weightbearing test was performed with the toes hanging off the edge of a stool and dorsiflexion of the first MP was performed. Seven of the 22 patients in the plantar fasciitis group had a positive weightbearing Windlass test (31.8%), while only three had a positive test result in a non-weightbearing position (13.6%). None of the patients in the other foot pain group or control group had pain in the weightbearing and non-weightbearing positions. Despite its high rate of specificity, the low rate of sensitivity of the Windlass test may limit its usefulness in the clinical evaluation in patients with plantar fasciitis.

Structural and Ferromagnetic Properties of Fe3Si Thin Films Sputter-Deposited on Si(001)

2009 ◽  
Vol 1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siao Li LIEW ◽  
Debbie Hwee Leng SENG ◽  
Hui Ru TAN ◽  
Dongzhi CHI
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Ferromagnetic Properties ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Microstructural Morphology ◽  
Sputter Deposited ◽  
Post Deposition ◽  
Low Rate

AbstractFe3Si thin films were deposited on Si(001) from magnetron sputtering with varying deposition rates and subjected to post-deposition anneal (PDA). Structural investigations via XRD, SIMS and cross-sectional TEM reveal that high rate-deposited Fe3Si is amorphous while low rate-deposited Fe3Si is poly-crystalline with significant differences observed at the Fe3Si/Si interfaces. The structural differences were attributed to the influence of deposition rate on the grain nucleation and microstructural morphology in the as-deposited Fe3Si and the subsequent annealed films which in turn determine the ferromagnetic properties. Magnetic properties of Fe3Si deposited at high rate degrade with PDA - coercive field Hc increases from 1 to 14 Oe while saturation magnetization Ms decreases from ˜940 to 590 emu/cm3. In contrast, Fe3Si film sputter-deposited at low rate has a Hc of 5 Oe, Ms of ˜920 emu/cm3 and remnant magnetization Mr ˜0.9Ms that are maintained even upon PDA at 350 oC.

scholarly journals USE OF CLONALLY REPLICATED SEEDLINGS IN FIELD SCREENING FOR RESISTANCE TO PEACH TREE SHORT LIFE

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 657g-658
Author(s):  
W.R. Okie ◽  
T. G. Beckman ◽  
A.P. Nyczepir
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Screening For Resistance ◽  
Selection Of

Lovell rootstock is recommended for Peach Tree Short Life (PTSL) sites in the Southeast because it outlives Nemaguard. No genetic studies of PTSL tolerance have been done. Clonally replicated peach seedlings [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] of Lovell, Nemaguard and four F1 selections of Lovell × Nemared were tested for field survival in a high density planting on a PTSL site. Rootstock families (12 seedlings × 8 ramets each) differed in growth, survival and longevity. Genetic variation was comparable to environmental variation for most families. Based on seedling within rootstock family, estimated broad-sense heritabilities for survival and longevity were high. The use of clonally replicated seedlings allowed the selection of apparently superior individuals from both Lovell and the other more short-lived rootstock families in a single screening after 6 years. Survival of Lovell at that time was 50% compared to 16-29% for other families. Across all families, all 8 ramets were dead for 21 seedlings, whereas all 8 were alive for only 3 seedlings.

Stem incorporation of gibberellins to promote sexual development of white spruce, Norway spruce, and jack pine

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Fogal ◽  
G. Jobin ◽  
H.O. Schooley ◽  
S.J. Coleman ◽  
M.S. Wolynetz
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
High Application

Stem incorporation of gibberellins (GA4/7 60:40) by injecting a liquid formulation or implanting a solid formulation was evaluated for promoting sexual reproductive development and for effects on vegetative development and foliage chlorosis in seedling and grafted white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss; seedling Norway spruce, Piceaabies (L.) Karst.; and jack pine, Pinusbanksiana Lamb., seed trees. Spruces were treated with a single application of 0.76 or 1.53 mg GA4/7 per square centimetre of stem cross-sectional area at breast height during the late stage of shoot elongation (June 9 for white spruce and June 19 and 20 for Norway spruce). Jack pine was treated with a single early (July 5) or late (August 15) application of 1.53 mg GA4/7/cm2 or a split early–late application of 0.76 mg GA4/7/cm2. Results were evaluated in the subsequent season (i) by counting seed and pollen strobili, developing vegetative shoots, latent vegetative buds, and dead buds and (ii) by assessing foliage chlorosis and mortality. The numbers of seed strobili were increased by injections of GA4/7 at low and high application rates on seedling white spruce and Norway spruce and by the high application rate on grafted white spruce; implants were effective on seedling white and Norway spruce at the high application rate. In jack pine, the number of seed strobili was not increased by GA4/7. The numbers of pollen strobili were not significantly increased by GA4/7 treatments to white spruce or Norway spruce but were increased on jack pine by a single early injection at the high rate and split injections at the low rate. The number of developing vegetative shoots was reduced by GA4/7 injections at both rates on white spruce grafted trees and Norway spruce; the implants reduced them only on the grafted white spruce given the low rate. For the spruces, treatments with GA4/7 did not influence bud mortality. Foliage chlorosis and mortality, evident on jack pine but not on white or Norway spruce trees, was more severe with injections than with implants.

scholarly journals Root Restriction Affects Shoot Development of Peach in a High-density Orchard

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Williamson ◽  
D.C. Coston ◽  
J.A. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Flower Density ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
And Control

Planting treatments were evaluated for their influence on shoot development and root distribution of own-rooted `Redhaven' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees planted to high density (5000 trees/ha). Planting in fabric-lined trenches (FLT) or narrow herbicide strips (NHS) reduced the diameter and length of primary shoots, the number and combined length of second-order shoots, and the total length of shoots. Flower density, the number of flowers per node, and the percentage of nodes containing one or more flowers were increased for FLT trees but not for NHS trees when compared with controls. The length of primary shoots increased quadratically for all treatments with increasing limb cross-sectional area (LCA). The total length of shoots increased more with increasing LCA for controls than for FLT trees. The number of flowers per shoot increased linearly for all treatments with increasing LCA values. Root concentration decreased with increasing soil depth and distance from tree rows for all treatments. Reduced widths of weed-free herbicide strips had little effect on root distribution. Roots of FLT trees were reduced in number and restricted vertically and laterally when compared with other planting treatments. The FLT treatment modified shoot development by reducing the length of total shoots and length of primary shoots across LCA values measured when compared with NHS and control-treatments.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (helminth) found in the feces of some selected domestic birds, chickens (Gallus gallus) and pigeons (Columba livia domestica)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Hafsat M. Shehu ◽  
M.M. Shah ◽  
U. Sharif
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Social World ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Domestic Birds ◽  
Low Rate

Domestic birds have significant contributory role in national economy and social world. In Kano, especially in rural areas farmers and agriculturists still depend economically on these animals. The study was conducted to find out various gastrointestinal parasites and their prevalence in domestic birds using Specimens processed through Sedimentation and Floatation method.The result shows that there is high rate of infection in pigeons. On the other hand a low rate of infection was observed in chickens. The helminthes found in the domestic birds were of five species: S. intercalatum, Paragonimus sp, H. nana, Taenia spp and S. stercoralis larva. This study indicated that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of helminths between pigeons and chickens. It indicated that pigeons are most affected among districts.

scholarly journals Peach Tree Growth, Yield, and Profitability as Influenced by Tree Form and Tree Density

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Donald S. Sowers
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Density Treatment

`Norman' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were trained to the central-leader or open-vase form and were planted at high (740 trees/ha), or low (370 trees/ha) density. A third density treatment was a HIGH → LOW density, where alternate trees in high-density plots were removed after 6 years to produce a low-density treatment. From 3 to 5 years after planting, trunk cross-sectional areas (TCA) increased most for low-density trees. After 9 years, TCA was greatest for low-density and least for high-density trees. Because of differences in tree training, central-leader trees were taller than open-vase trees and tree spread was greater for low-density than for high-density trees. Annual yield per hectare was 15% to 40% greater for high-density treatments than for low-density treatments, but tree form had little influence on yield. Average fruit weight tended to be greater for low-density than for high-density treatments, but cumulative marketable yield was greatest for high-density and lowest for HIGH → LOW treatments. Income minus costs for 9 years was nearly $4200/ha higher, and net present value was about $2200/ha higher, for open-vase than for central-leader trees (P = 0.08). Cumulative net present value for the 9 years was about $2660/ha higher for high-than for low-density trees (P = 0.36).

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