scholarly journals Analysis of Heat Tolerance in New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Utilizing Diallel Analysis

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 499B-499
Author(s):  
Kerry M. Strope ◽  
Mark S. Strefeler
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Four heat-tolerant (`Celebration Cherry Red', `Celebration Rose', `Lasting Impressions Shadow', and `Paradise Moorea') and three non-heat-tolerant (`Lasting Impressions Twilight', `Danziger Blues', and `Pure Beauty Prepona') cultivars were identified using a Weighted Base Selection Index. These cultivars were used as parents in a full diallel crossing block with reciprocals and selfs. Progeny from five parents (25 crosses) were evaluated for heat tolerance. Four floral (fl ower number, flower diameter, flower bud number, and floral dry weight) and five vegetative characteristics (visual rating, leaf size rating, vegetative dry weight, branch number, and node number) were evaluated with emphasis placed on continued flowering under long-term heat stress. In addition, progeny from all seven parents (49 crosses) were evaluated for inheritance of adaxial leaf color, abaxial leaf color, vein color, and flower color. Significant differences were found in each data category (P < 0.001) with the exception of node number, which was not significant. Flower number varied from 0 to 2, flower diameter varied from 0 to 41 mm, floral dry weight varied from 14 to 105 mg, bud number varied from 0 to 12, branch number varied from 5 to 15, and vegetative dry weight varied from 220 to 607 mg. General and specific combining abilities of the parents were evaluated as was heritability. It was found that the four heat-tolerant cultivars had higher general combining abilities. Heat tolerance has low heritability and is controlled by many genes.

scholarly journals Effects of Heat Stress on Floral and Vegetative Development in New Guinea Impatiens

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 570f-571
Author(s):  
Kerry M. Strope ◽  
Mark S. Strefeler
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

Fifty-three commercial New Guinea Impatiens cultivars (Impatiens hawkeri Bull.) from six different breeding series were tested for level of heat tolerance. Five floral (flower number, flower length, flower width, floral dry weight, and flower bud number) and five vegetative characteristics (leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total dry weight, number of nodes, and number of branches) were evaluated with emphasis placed on continued flowering under long term heat stress. Significant differences among cultivars were found in each data category (P ≤ .0001). Flower number varied from 0 to 6, flower length varied from 10 to 51 mm, flower width varied from 10 to 47 mm, floral dry weight varied from 0 to 0.5 g, and flower bud number varied from 0 to 14. Four heat tolerant (Celebration Cherry Red, Celebration Rose, Lasting Impressions Shadow, and Paradise Moorea) and three nonheattolerant (Lasting Impressions Twilight, Danziger Blues, and Pure Beauty Prepona) cultivars were identified using a Weighted Base Selection Index. These cultivars were used as parents in a full diallel crossing block with reciprocals and selfs. One hundred seedlings from each of 49 crosses were evaluated for heat tolerance. General and specific combining abilities of the parents were evaluated as was heritability. It was found that the four heat tolerant cultivars had higher general combining abilities. Heat tolerance has low heritability and is controlled by many genes. Superior genotypes were identified (selection intensity of 0.05) and retained for further evaluation and breeding efforts.

scholarly journals Flower-size Heritability and Floral Heat-shock Tolerance in Diploid Roses

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyin Liang ◽  
Xuan Wu ◽  
David Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Positive Population

The effect of heat on rose flowers was examined by measuring flower size in 10 diploid rose populations created by crossing the heat-tolerant Texas A&M University (TAMU) breeding lines (M4-4, J06-20-14-3) and sensitive (97/7-2, ‘Red Fairy’, ‘Sweet Chariot’, ‘Vineyard Song’, ‘Old Blush’, and ‘Little Chief’) diploid roses. As expected, the populations and individual seedlings differed in flower size. The heat-shock treatment (1 hour at 44 °C) decreased flower diameter (15.7%), petal number (23.3%), and flower dry weight (16.9%). Flower-size traits had moderately low narrow-sense (0.24, 0.12, and 0.34 for flower diameter, petal number, and flower dry weight, respectively) and moderately high broad-sense (0.62, 0.74, and 0.76 for flower diameter, petal number, and flower dry weight, respectively) heritability indicating important nonadditive genetic effects. If rose genotypes vary in floral heat tolerance, a differential response to heat among populations, seedlings, or both detected statistically by a significant interaction effect would be expected. Both the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the restricted estimated maximum likelihood (REML) analyses showed a positive population × heat stress interaction effect for flower diameter. Although our data indicate differences in floral heat tolerance among the populations and genotypes, the effect was small as compared with the other sources of variation. Thus, using this 1-hour heat-shock approach would not be an effective strategy to select for floral heat tolerance in rose.

scholarly journals SHORT DURATION HEAT PRECONDITIONING AND HEAT TOLERANCE IN ORNAMENTAL BEDDING PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 874d-874
Author(s):  
Seenivasan Natarajan ◽  
Jeff S. Kuehny ◽  
James E. Board
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Heat Tolerant

One of the greatest impediments to production of marketable ornamental herbaceous plants in southern U.S. is high temperature stress. Exposure of plants to sub-lethal temperature (heat preconditioning) before sustained heat stress helps some plants to tolerate subsequent heat stress a phenomenon often referred as acquired thermotolerance. The objective of this research was to examine various morphological, physiological and anatomical responses of `Vista red' (heat tolerant) and `Sizzler red'(heat sensitive) cultivars of Salvia splendens to heat preconditioning (HC) and subsequent heat stress treatments (challenging temperatures, CT). Cultivars of Salvia were subjected to short duration HC of 35 °C for 3 hours every third day until 5 weeks after germination and subsequent exposure to two CT treatments 30/23 °C and 35/28 °C (D/N) cycles in growth chambers for the next five weeks. Plant growth, marketable quality, stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis declined for Sizzler Red without HC treatment. Compared with nonpreconditioned plants, heat preconditioned Sizzler Red had 38.28% higher root dry weight, 95% greater leaf thickness, 50% higher marketable quality at 35/28 °C heat stress condition. Heat preconditioning helped both Vista Red and Sizzler to survive in both the heat stress treatments. Vista Red had greater heat tolerant traits than Sizzler Red, these traits exacerbated with heat preconditioning treatment. The results demonstrated that heat preconditioning enhanced heat tolerance in cultivars of Salvia, which could be related to maintenance of dense plant growth with shorter internodes, thicker stems, greater stomatal conductance, extensive root growth that compensated the transpirational water loss and overall cooling of plants.

scholarly journals Photoperiodic Flower Induction of Several Kalanchoe Species and Ornamental Characteristics of the Flowering Species

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
John E. Erwin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Photoperiodic Flower Induction ◽  
Short Days

Our objectives in this study were to identify the flowering response of Kalanchoe spp. to photoperiodic treatments and characterize flowering and vegetative characteristics of flowering plants. Twenty vegetatively propagated Kalanchoe spp. were grown under one of four photoperiodic treatments: 1) short days (SD; 8-h photoperiod) for 16 weeks; 2) night interruption lighting (NI; 2000 to 0200 hr) for 16 weeks; 3) SD for 8 weeks then transferred to NI for 8 weeks; or 4) NI for 8 weeks then transferred to SD for 8 weeks. Kalanchoe beauvardii, K. behariensis, K. fedtschenkoi, K. longiflora, K. marmorata, K. marnieriana, K. streptantha, K. tomentosa, and K. vigueridoi did not flower under any treatment. Kalanchoe laetivirens and K. rosei had minimal flowering when exposed to NI followed by SD, whereas K. pumila had minimal flowering when exposed to SD followed by NI. Kalanchoe glaucescens, K. laciniata, K. manginii, K. nyikae, K. rotundifolia, K. uniflora, and K. velutina flowered when exposed to SD for 8 or 16 weeks, and node number below the inflorescence and days to first open flower for these species increased when NI preceded SD. Kalanchoe millotii flowered under a 16-week SD treatment only. No plants flowered when grown under only NI. We classified K. glaucescens, K. laciniata, K. manginii, K. millotii, K. nyikae, K. rotundifolia, K. uniflora, and K. velutina as obligate SD plants. Flower diameter, total flower number, total color index, shoot length, branch number, and leaf length and width varied among species. Based on these ornamental characteristics, we identified K. glaucescens, K. laciniata, K. manginii, K. nyikae, K. uniflora, and K. velutina as potential ornamental flowering potted plants.

scholarly journals RESPONSE SURFACE REPRESENTATION OF ROSE (ROSA HYBRIDA L.) GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1138d-1138
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Hopper ◽  
P. Allen Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Node Number

Day (DT) and night temperature (NT), and irradiation (photosynthetic photon flux-PPF) treatment combinations were run from a rotatable central composite design. At flowering, response surfaces were plotted for `Royalty' rose for plant growth characteristics: node number, stem diameter, stem length, and dry weight of stem, leaves, flower bud, and total shoot. Overall development was recorded from pinch until visible bud, first bud color, and flowering. All characteristics except node number and stem length were significant (P=0.05) for a full quadratic model having ten estimated coefficients. Greatest dry weights were predicted at flowering for the lowest DT (15C) and NT (12C) combination, and required the longest time for development. Conversely, most rapid development and least dry weight accumulated for high DT (25C) and NT (22C). Thus, a compromise exists between rapid development and quality of the flowering stem. As PPF increased from 50 to 300 μmol m-2s-1, predictions for dry weights increased while developmental time decreased.

Effect of High Temperatures on the Postharvest Flowering of Specialty Floral Crop Species

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447f-448
Author(s):  
Millie S. Williams ◽  
Terri Woods Starman ◽  
James E. Faust
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Mature Flower

Flower growers experience decreased consumer satisfaction with plant species that cease flowering during the summer. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the heat tolerance of four specialty floral crop species in order to predict their summer performance in the different climatalogical regions of the United States. The effect of increasing temperatures on the duration of postharvest flower development was determined for Ageranthemum frutescens `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby', Brachycome hybrid `Ultra', and Sutera cordata `Snowflake'. Plants were grown in a 18 °C greenhouse until marketable with foliage covering the container and flowers distributed evenly across the plant canopy. Plants were then placed in a phytotron to determine their heat tolerance. Temperature set points of 18, 23, 28, and 33 °C were delivered serially at 2-week intervals, starting at 18 °C. Plants were then returned to 18 °C after the 33 °C treatment. Immature flower bud, mature flower bud, flower and senesced flower numbers were collected once per week. Sutera `Snowflake', and Brachycome `Ultra' had the greatest flower number at the 23 °C temperature, decreasing in the 28 °C environment. Argeranthemum `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby' had greatest flower number at 28 °C, but flowers were smaller and of lower quality than at 23 °C. Flower development of all cultivars ceased at 33 °C, but when plants were returned to the 18 °C production greenhouse, flower development resumed. According to normal average daily temperatures in Knoxville, Tenn., Ageranthemum frutescens `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby' would flower until mid-June, while Brachycome hybrid `Ultra' and Sutera cordata `Snowflake' would flower until mid-May.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Wood Yield Selection Index in a Clonal Trial of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
David Kombi Kaviriri ◽  
Huan-Zhen Liu ◽  
Xi-Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Clonal Trial

In order to determine suitable traits for selecting high-wood-yield Korean pine materials, eleven morphological characteristics (tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, stem straightness degree, crown breadth, crown height, branch angle, branch number per node, bark thickness, and stem volume) were investigated in a 38-year-old Korean pine clonal trial at Naozhi orchard. A statistical approach combining variance and regression analysis was used to extract appropriate traits for selecting elite clones. Results of variance analysis showed significant difference in variance sources in most of the traits, except for the stem straightness degree, which had a p-value of 0.94. Moderate to high coefficients of variation and clonal repeatability ranged from 10.73% to 35.45% and from 0.06% to 0.78%, respectively. Strong significant correlations on the phenotypic and genotypic levels were observed between the straightness traits and tree volume, but crown breadth was weakly correlated to the volume. Four principal components retaining up to 80% of the total variation were extracted, and stem volume, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, tree height, and crown height displayed high correlation to these components (r ranged from 0.76 to 0.98). Based on the Type III sum of squares, tree height, diameter at breast height, and branch number showed significant information to explain the clonal variability based on stem volume. Using the extracted characteristics as the selection index, six clones (PK105, PK59, PK104, PK36, PK28, and K101) displayed the highest Qi values, with a selection rate of 5% corresponding to the genetic gain of 42.96% in stem volume. This study provides beneficial information for the selection of multiple traits for genetically improved genotypes of Korean pine.

scholarly journals Heat-tolerant hot pepper exhibits constant photosynthesis via increased transpiration rate, high proline content and fast recovery in heat stress condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Nigmatullayevich Rajametov ◽  
Eun Young Yang ◽  
Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽  
Soo Young Chae ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Heat Stress Condition ◽  
Heat Tolerant

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism for heat tolerance is important for the hot pepper breeding program to develop heat-tolerant cultivars in changing climate. This study was conducted to investigate physiological and biochemical parameters related to heat tolerance and to determine leaf heat damage levels critical for selecting heat-tolerant genotypes. Seedlings of two commercial cultivars, heat-tolerant ‘NW Bigarim’ (NB) and susceptible ‘Chyung Yang’ (CY), were grown in 42 °C for ten days. Photosynthesis, electrolyte conductivity, proline content were measured among seedlings during heat treatment. Photosynthetic rate was significantly reduced in ‘CY’ but not in ‘NB’ seedlings in 42 °C. Stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate was significantly higher in ‘NB’ than ‘CY’. Proline content was also significantly higher in ‘NB’. After heat treatment, leaf heat damages were determined as 0, 25, 50 and 75% and plants with different leaf heat damages were moved to a glasshouse (30–32/22–24 °C in day/night). The growth and developmental parameters were investigated until 70 days. ‘NB’ was significantly affected by leaf heat damages only in fruit yield while ‘CY’ was in fruit set, number and yield. ‘NB’ showed fast recovery after heat stress compared to ‘CY’. These results suggest that constant photosynthetic rate via increased transpiration rate as well as high proline content in heat stress condition confer faster recovery from heat damage of heat-tolerant cultivars in seedlings stages.

Autumnal nutrient transfers by retranslocation, leaching, and litter fall in a chestnut oak forest in southern Illinois

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Ostman ◽  
George T. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Free Falling ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Retranslocation from leaves was investigated as a means of retaining nutrients in stands of Quercusprinus L. on two sites in southern Illinois, where wind rapidly moves litter downslope. Foliage samples were collected from late summer until leaf fall to describe the trends of leaf dry weight and nutrient concentration (N, K, P, Ca) changes. Free-falling rain and throughfall were collected to estimate foliar leaching. Foliar concentrations of N, K, and P decreased markedly during senescence while Ca concentrations increased. The pattern of concentration change was unique for each element, and the change in N concentration was closely correlated with change in leaf color. For the study sites as a whole, leaf dry weight decreased to 70% of the original value. Of 84.2 kg N/ha in green foliage, only 22.6% was returned to the site as litter. The canopy gained 0.3 kg N/ha (0.4%) from rainfall. The 78.5% N unaccounted for is attributed to retranslocation. Similarly, from 51.4 kg K/ha; 8.2, P; and 47.8, Ca in green foliage, 9.8, 1.3, and 3.3%, respectively, were removed by leaching; 27.4, 43.7, and 85.1% were returned to the site in litter. The remaining 63.0% K, 55.0% P, and 11.5% Ca unaccounted for is attributed to retranslocation. Retranslocation and leaching of nutrients was greater on the site of higher quality. But on both sites it appears that retranslocation is an important means of retaining and conserving N, K, and P countering the effect of annual litter removal.

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