scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Affects Growth and Flower Bud Production in Gardenia under Different Light Regimes

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Kamoutsis ◽  
A.G. Chronopoulou-Sereli ◽  
E.A. Paspatis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Size ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Plant Chemical ◽  
Main Plot

The effects of several shading materials on the response of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis to paclobutrazol were investigated under greenhouse conditions. The three main plot treatments were shading (0%, 67%, 98%), and paclobutrazol (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2 mg/pot) was applied as a soil drench in each main plot after pinching the plants. Both plant size and the number of flower buds per plant decreased as the rate of paclobutrazol increased at all levels of shading. The efficacy of paclobutrazol, however, was generally less under heavy shade, as both translocation of the growth retardant and photosynthesis were reduced. Moderate shading (67%) did not affect the size of plants receiving 0.0 or 0.5 mg of paclobutrazol per pot, but plants grown under heavy shade (98%) were 74% as large as similarly treated nonshaded plants. Medium shade reduced the size of plants receiving 1 and 2 mg paclobutrazol 4% and 6%, respectively, relative to that of similarly treated nonshaded plants, whereas heavy shade reduced plant size 11%. The number of flower buds per plant was reduced 30% by moderate shading, 90% by heavy shading. Significant quadratic relationships were observed between the rate of paclobutrazol applied and (1) plant size, and (2) the number of flower buds per plant. Chemical name used: ±-(R*,R*)-β–[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethyl)-1H-(1,2,4-triazol)-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

scholarly journals Bulking Duration and Daminozide Affect Growth and Flowering of Achillea בCoronation Gold’

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Mohan Li ◽  
J. Raymond Kessler ◽  
Gary J. Keever ◽  
Wheeler G. Foshee
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Single Shoot

A study was conducted to determine the effects of bulking duration and the plant growth retardant daminozide on plant growth and flowering of greenhouse-grown ‘Coronation Gold’ yarrow (Achillea בCoronation Gold’). Single-shoot liners of yarrow were transplanted on October 14 and December 2, 2010, into 15 cm (6 in) containers and bulked for 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks prior to exposure to night-interrupted lighting (NIL). Increasing the bulking duration increased the number of shortened, thickened stems of rosette-like appearance, or offsets, that had developed from the base of the main stem by the end of bulking by 100 to 367% and reduced days to first and five open inflorescences, hereafter referred to as flowers, from the beginning of NIL by 13 to 16 days and 10 to 20 days for the October and December potting dates, respectively. Increasing the bulking duration increased flower and flower bud number by 67 and 25% in the October 14 and December 2 potting dates, respectively. Therefore, more flowers and flower buds formed on yarrow when potted early, compared to late potting. Lengths of the first five open flower stems were inconsistent and minimally affected by bulking duration. In a repeat of the experiment potted on December 2 using the same bulking treatments, 5,000 ppm of daminozide was applied as a foliar spray when half the plants in a bulking duration had begun to elongate and was reapplied 1 week later. Daminozide application decreased stem length at first open flower by 20 to 43%, but increased days to first flower and five open flowers by 6 and 8 days, respectively. As in the first experiment, increasing the bulking duration increased the number of offsets and flower and flower bud number and reduced days to first and five open flowers.

Interaction of triapenthenol and environmental factors on the growth and flower bud formation of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamoutsis ◽  
A. Chronopoulou-Sereli ◽  
C. Holevas
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
Total Radiation ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis

The interaction effects between total solar radiation, air temperature and relative humidity with different concentrations of the plant growth regulator triapenthenol (Baronet) on the vegetative growth and the formation of flower buds of potted gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) plants were studied in glasshouse experiments.Triapenthenol was applied as a soil drench at concentrations of 0, 70, 140 and 280 mg L–1 to plants under each of three radiation levels of about 250 (P1), 90 (P2) and 25 (P3) Wm−2. It was established that the maximum temperature was the most critical environmental factor to plant development at all radiation levels. Lengths of new lateral shoots after pinching and the number of flower buds/plant were significantly reduced when radiation was reduced and triapenthenol concentrations increased. The interaction between total radiation and triapenthenol concentration significantly affected the number of flower buds/plant. An increase in triapenthenol concentration and a reduction of total radiation caused increased wrinkling of the leaves.In the unshaded plot (P1), the 140 mg L−1 triapenthenol concentration produced high-quality plants that were shorter than the untreated ones with more flower buds/plant during the growth period. In the moderately shaded plot (P2), the best market-quality plants were those treated with 70 mg L−1 triapenthenol. Key words: Gardenia jasminoides, temperature, total solar radiation, triapenthenol, relative humidity

scholarly journals Functional and expressional analyses of apple FLC-like in relation to dormancy progress and flower bud development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soichiro Nishiyama ◽  
Miwako Cecile Matsushita ◽  
Hisayo Yamane ◽  
Chikako Honda ◽  
Kazuma Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Maximum Expression

Abstract We previously identified the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)-like gene, a MADS-box transcription factor gene that belongs to Arabidopsis thaliana FLC clade, in apple (Malus x domestica), and its expression in dormant flower buds is positively correlated with cumulative cold exposure. To elucidate the role of the MdFLC-like in the dormancy process and flower development, we first characterized the phenotypes of MdFLC-like overexpressing lines with the Arabidopsis Columbia-0 background. The overexpression of MdFLC-like significantly delayed the bolting date and reduced the plant size, but it did not significantly affect the number of rosette leaves or flower organ formation. Thus, MdFLC-like may affect vegetative growth and development rather than flowering when expressed in Arabidopsis, which is not like Arabidopsis FLC that affects development of flowering. We compared seasonal expression patterns of MdFLC-like in low-chill ‘Anna’ and high-chill ‘Fuji’ and ‘Tsugaru’ apples collected from trees grown in a cold winter region in temperate zone, and found an earlier up-regulation in ‘Anna’ compared with ‘Fuji’ and ‘Tsugaru’. Expression patterns were also compared in relation to developmental changes in the flower primordia during the chilling accumulation period. Overall, MdFLC-like was progressively up-regulated during flower primordia differentiation and development in autumn to early winter, and reached a maximum expression level at around the same time as the genotype-dependent chilling requirements were fulfilled in high-chill cultivars. Thus, we hypothesize MdFLC-like may be up-regulated in response to cold exposure and flower primordia development during the progress of endodormancy. Our study also suggests MdFLC-like may have a growth inhibiting function during the end of endodormancy and ecodormancy, when the temperature is low and unfavorable for rapid bud outgrowth.

Cyclamen Leaf Unfolding Rate in Response to Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447d-447
Author(s):  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Jeffrey Werner
Keyword(s):  
Day Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Leaf Unfolding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Response To Temperature

Nine-week-old plants of Cyclamen persicum `Miracle Salmon' were transplanted into 10-cm pots and placed in growth chambers at 8, 12, 16, 20, or 24 °C. The irradiance was 10 mol/day per m2 during a 16-h day length. After 8 weeks, the temperature was changed to 16 °C for all plants. Expanded leaves (1 cm or larger) were counted at weekly intervals for each plant. The rate of leaf unfolding increased with temperature to 20 °C. The fastest rate at 20 °C was 0.34 ± 0.05 leaf/day. Flower buds were visible 55 ± 7 days from start of temperature treatments (118 days from seeding) for the plants grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C. Flower buds appeared 60 ± 6.9 days from initiation of treatments for plants grown at 24 °C and 93 ± 8.9 days for cyclamens grown at 8 °C. Although there was no significant difference in rate of flower bud appearance for cyclamens grown at 12, 16, or 20 °C, the number of leaves, flowers, and flower buds varied significantly among all temperature treatments. Leaf number at flowering increased from 38 ± 4.7 for plants at 12 °C to 77 ± 8.3 at 24 °C. Flowers and flower buds increased from 18 ± 2.9 to 52 ± 11.0 as temperature increased from 12 to 24 °C. Plants grown at 8 °C had on average 6 ± 2 visible flower buds, but no open flowers at termination of the study (128 days from start of treatments).

scholarly journals Regulation of Flowering Timing by ABA-NnSnRK1 Signaling Pathway in Lotus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3932
Author(s):  
Jing Cao ◽  
Qijiang Jin ◽  
Jiaying Kuang ◽  
Yanjie Wang ◽  
Yingchun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion

The lotus produces flower buds at each node, yet most of them are aborted because of unfavorable environmental changes and the mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we proposed a potential novel pathway for ABA-mediated flower timing control in the lotus, which was explored by combining molecular, genetic, transcriptomic, biochemical, and pharmacologic approaches. We found that the aborting flower buds experienced extensive programmed cell death (PCD). The hormonal changes between the normal and aborting flower buds were dominated by abscisic acid (ABA). Seedlings treated with increasing concentrations of ABA exhibited a differential alleviating effect on flower bud abortion, with a maximal response at 80 μM. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed the changes of ABA content and the occurrence of PCD, and indicated the importance of PCD-related SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (NnSnRK1). The NnSnRK1-silenced lotus seedlings showed stronger flowering ability, with their flower:leaf ratio increased by 40%. When seedlings were treated with ABA, the expression level and protein kinase activity of NnSnRK1 significantly decreased. The phenotype of NnSnRK1-silenced seedlings could also be enhanced by ABA treatment and reversed by tungstate treatment. These results suggested that the decline of ABA content in lotus flower buds released its repression of NnSnRK1, which then initiated flower bud abortion.

SEVERAL SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES INFLUENCING THE GROWTH AND RHIZOME DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Kender ◽  
Franklin P. Eggert
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Rhizome Growth ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rhizome Development

A field experiment using various soil management practices showed that the most effective means to increase blueberry plant spread was through the use of a surface mulch. Peat and sawdust were of equal suitability as a mulching material influencing vegetative growth, although sawdust did result in a reduction in the number of flower buds produced when compared with peat. Mulching was associated with a higher soil moisture content than non-mulched plots.Blueberry plants growing in nitrogen-treated plots had an increased flower bud number and rhizome growth in contrast with those growing in unfertilized plots. Nitrogen fertilization was of particular benefit when applied in association with surface organic mulches.Plants growing in an undisturbed soil were more vigorous than in a homogenized or tilled soil. Sawdust was found to be detrimental to the growth of lowbush blueberry plants when incorporated into a homogenized soil.

scholarly journals Control Recommendations for Black Medic (Medicago lupulina) Based on Growth and Development in Competition with Strawberry

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun M. Sharpe ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Peter J. Dittmar ◽  
Greg E. MacDonald ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Spray Timing ◽  
Time Frames

Strawberries are an important horticultural crop in Florida. Black medic is among the most problematic weeds within the production system. To better coordinate control measures, black medic growth and development while in competition with strawberry was studied. Twelve plants were randomly selected at each of four field sites in Hillsborough County, FL, in 2014. Plants were repeatedly measured over the growing season for stem length and number of primary branches, flower buds, flowers, and seed clusters. Growing degree days (GDD) were calculated (Tbase=0 C) starting from the hole-punch application of the plastic mulch (October 8, 2014, to October 10, 2014) from weather station data generated from the Florida Automated Weather Network. Strawberry height and width increased consistently across all sites, but black medic growth and development varied considerably. Strawberry suppressed black medic growth up to 1,805 cumulative GDD at three of four sites where black medic remained beneath the strawberry canopy. After 1,805 GDD, the black medic stems still remained below but experienced exponential growth for total stem length and, in turn, flower buds, inflorescence, and immature seed clusters. Ideal clopyralid spray timing based on susceptible plant size was 890 to 1,152 GDD. Optimal hand-weeding time frames would likely occur as the plant stems expand beyond the strawberry canopy (to improve visibility) and before flower production to prevent seed return to the seedbank. First seed production was observed at 1,200 GDD at the earliest site and between 1,966 to 2,365 GDD across all the other sites. Overall, consistent trends were observed across sites, but between-site variability was observed that could not be accounted for by differences in temperature.

scholarly journals Factors influencing flower bud formation on the pear tree cultivar 'Doyenne du Comice'. I. Shoot growth and flower bud differentiation on trees sprayed with chlormequat and unsprayed ones

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszka Jaumień
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

The growth of trees sprayed in spring with chlormequat is weaker, and their elongation growth ends 2 - 3 weeks earlier than that of unsprayed trees. Trees with growth inhibited by chlormequat set flower buds on the spurs and in the subapical part of long shoots. The course of flower bud differentiation starts in the second half of July and is similar to that in the apple tree.

scholarly journals Chemical Removal of Premature, Unwanted Azalea Buds

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-124
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Sanderson ◽  
Willis C. Martin ◽  
R. Bruce Reed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Rhododendron Simsii ◽  
Spray Applications

Spray applications of 4.2% Off-Shoot-0 (a mixture of methyl ester of fatty acids C6, C8, C10, and C12) effectively destroyed flower bud scales and flower parts on the azalea (Rhododendron simsii Plachon.) cultivars ‘Prize’ and ‘Kingfisher’. The addition of ethephon to Off-Shoot-0 did not increase the destruction of bud scales and flower parts. Dikegulac-sodium and oxathiin alone or in combination with ethephon did not significantly destroy scales or flower parts. Destructive chemical pinching agents such as dimethyl dodecylamine and n-undecanol usually were as effective as Off-Shoot-0 in killing bud scales but not flower parts. Cultivars differed slightly in their response to chemicals designed to destroy unwanted flower buds.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON OVULES ABORTION, SEED SET AND ITS GERMENATION OF TWO ALFALFA CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khrbeet & Al-Beiruty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
And Control

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid. of March 2012 to mid. of July 2014 to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators and foliar application stages on ovules abortion, seed set and its germination of two alfalfa cultivars. Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D. arranged in split-split plot with three replications. Cultivars (local and hamedan) were assigned as a main plot and foliar application stages (vegetative growth, flower buds emergence, 50% flowering and 80% flowering) were assigned as sub-plots, while growth regulators (Alar, Ethephon, Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) and control treatment) were assigned in the sub-sub-plots. Result showed that there were no significant differences between cultivars in all traits. Foliar application of NAA increased No. of ovules per floret (9.11) compare with other treatments, but it was not significantly different compare with Alar. In 1st and 2nd seed crop, plants sprayed with Alar at flower buds emergence stage gave highest seed set (5.17, 6.93) respectively. Percentage of ovules abortion significantly influenced by growth regulaters, folair application stages and their interaction. Since, foliar application of Alar at beginning of flower buds emergence reduce % of ovules abortion (30.89). In general, plants sprayed at vegetation growth stage increased % of seed germination. It was clear from this study that more than 40% of ovules were aborted, this may be one of the reasons for reduction of seed yield in alfalfa, therefore, we recommended to do more researches in this field in order to know the causes of ovules abortion.

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