Fine-tuned Head Weight Estimation in Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)

A novel and nondestructive method for head weight estimation in globe artichoke was described. Linear measurements on head height (h) and head diameter (2r) were performed on head samples of five cultivars and one developed clone having cylindrical, conical or spherical head forms. The measurements on 2r were performed at the base in conical- and cylindrical-headed cultivars, while they were taken equatorially in spherically headed cultivars. Correlation and regression analyses were performed between single true head weights and eight different models [h, r, 2r, r3, r2h, πr2h (cylinder volume), ⅓πr2h (cone volume) and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\frac{4}{3}{\pi}r^{3}\) \end{document} (sphere volume)]. Since πr2h and ⅓πr2h are folds of r2h, and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\frac{4}{3}{\pi}r^{3}\) \end{document} of r3; r2h or r3 had completely the same correlation coefficients as their folds, and hence were equally effective in the statistical analyses. Head weights were more precisely estimated when the r2h model (or their folds) was used for cylindrical and conical heads and the r3 model (or their folds) for spherical heads then any other model. Coefficients of determination (R2) explained the highest variability observed for true head weights when the r2h model was used as the independent variable in the regression analysis for cylindrical and conical cultivars (96.6% to 97.5%) and the r3 model for the spherical cultivars (96.6% to 98.4%). Even though all correlation coefficients and regression F values were very highly significant (p < 0.001), 81% of estimated cases had <10% deviations when one of the appropriate models were used in comparison to 66% of the estimated cases having <10% deviations when, for example, the 2r model was used, the second most effective model for all types of heads. The agreement between true and estimated head weights was also tested, where the bias was lower for a cultivar-specific model vs. the 2r model. Discussions on applying the results to the selection procedures were made.

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Variance components and correlations of agronomic traits among cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) maturity groups

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1201055c ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 55-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Janko Cervenski ◽

Jelica Gvozdanovic-Varga ◽

Svetlana Glogovac

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Early Spring ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Head Weight ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Head Height ◽

Maturity Groups

In this paper we studied the variability and correlation of cabbage traits in different maturity groups. The study included early spring cabbages (planted in early spring, harvested in early summer) and autumn cabbages (planted in mid-summer, harvested in late autumn). Using coefficients of variation and correlation coefficients, we analyzed 17 cabbage traits in 35 commercially grown cultivars, F1 hybrids, and experimental F1 hybrids. The traits were analyzed separately for each maturity group. In the early cabbages, the coefficients of variation ranged from 4.8 to 44.2%. The calculated correlation coefficients differed between the two maturity groups. The early cabbages had 26 significant positive correlations. The positive correlations calculated among different traits of early cabbages defined this group fully and made it distinct from the late-maturing genotypes. Plant height and rosette diameter in the early genotypes were highly positively correlated with rosette weight, whole plant weight, head weight, usable portion of head, head height, and head diameter. Plant height and rosette diameter participate in the formation of active photosynthetic area in early cabbages. Rosette width in these genotypes provides a greater influx of light and heat, which results in greater head weight. Also, in early cabbages that have greater plant height, the leaf rosette will not lie on the cold surface of the ground in the spring. The activity of the cabbage plant is thus more focused towards the formation of larger head weight. Head volume in the late genotypes was highly positively correlated with rosette diameter, whole plant weight, head weight, usable portion of head, inner stem length, and head height. In late cabbages plant activity is directed towards the formation of head volume due to the longer duration of the growth period, larger leaves, and differences in climatic conditions.

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The Influence of Flower Head Order and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on the Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Luteolin Derivatives Content in Globe Artichoke Cultivars

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10081813 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1813

Author(s):

María José Giménez ◽

Marina Giménez-Berenguer ◽

María Emma García-Pastor ◽

Joaquín Parra ◽

Pedro Javier Zapata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽

Flower Head ◽

Globe Artichoke ◽

Rp Hplc ◽

Head Weight ◽

Gibberellic Acid Treatment

Flower head orders and the use of GA3 (gibberellic acid) treatment could be two influencing factors determining the bioactive compound levels in artichoke, but little to no information is available about their effects. In this study, we have therefore evaluated the influence of these factors on the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivative levels in three categories of artichoke: Seed-propagated open-pollinated cultivars; vegetatively propagated cultivars; and seed-propagated hybrids. The hydroxycinnamic acids and luteolin derivatives were quantified by RP-HPLC-DAD. The average flower head weight was the lowest in tertiary heads and GA3-treated artichokes, followed by secondary and main heads. Moreover, the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivatives levels were significantly higher in tertiary heads than in secondary or main heads. In addition, the GA3 treatment significantly reduced the hydroxycinnamic acid content and, in contrast, improved luteolin derivatives levels. These effects depended on the flower head order and cultivar. Knowledge of the effects of flower head order and GA3 treatment is therefore key in order to achieve the greatest health-benefits from artichoke consumption.

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Standing crops of dominant combretum species at three browsing levels in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v21i1.961 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

B.R. Dayton

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Kruger National Park ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Stem Height ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Combretum Apiculatum ◽

Different Levels

In red bushwillow veld near the Sand River in the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, a determination was made of the standing crops of Combretum apiculatum and C. zeyheri at browsing levels delineated by the maximum feeding heights of impala (1,5 m), kudu (2,5 m) and giraffe (5,5 m). Using harvested sample trees, logarithmic or linear regression equations were generated which related basal diameter or stem height to biomass or percentage of total biomass at the different levels. Biomass was divided into two components: current shoots and wood plus bark. Regression forms and variables which produced the highest correlation coefficients changed with changes in species or browsing level, however, most equations were logarithmic with basal diameter as the independent variable.

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Abstract 3426: Approximate Volume Using "XYZ/2" Is Equivalent to Planimetric Volume Mismatch Evaluation

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.43.suppl_1.a3426 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Marie Luby ◽

Jennifer Hong ◽

José G Merino ◽

John K Lynch ◽

Amie W Hsia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Evaluation Methods ◽

Slice Thickness ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Visual Evaluation ◽

Volume Measurements

Objectives: In the clinical setting, the extent of mismatch on MRI is frequently assessed with an approximate “XYZ/2” method but the agreement with the “gold standard” planimetric volume and the “visual evaluation” methods are not known. In a published study, we established that the visual evaluation and planimetric methods are equivalent as far as mismatch classification. The objectives of this study were to quantify the agreement of the approximate method with the “gold standard” and “visual evaluation” methods and to compare the mismatch classification results. Methods: Patients were selected from the Lesion Evolution of Stroke and Ischemia On Neuroimaging (LESION) database if they: had an acute ischemic stroke, were treated with intravenous rt-PA only, and had a pre-treatment MRI with evaluable maps including trace or isotropic b1000 DWI and MTT images. A trained rater viewed the images on the PACS, placed the two perpendicular linear measurements, “X” and “Y”, on the slices with the largest DWI and MTT lesion areas, and then used a “XYZ/2” formula where “Z” was the product of the slice thickness and the total number of slices containing the lesion. A separate expert rater measured the planimetric volumes on a slice-by-slice basis with a semiautomated segmentation tool followed by manual editing. Expert readers evaluated the MRI scans for the presence of qualitative mismatch. The expert readers were not the trained reader that performed the approximate volume measurements. Quantitative mismatch was considered present if MTT volume - DWI volume ≥50 ml. Mismatch classifications using the ≥ 50 ml definition were compared by constructing contingency tables. Results: A total of 194 patients met the study criteria and had median DWI and MTT planimetric volumes of 13.06 ml and 99.27 ml respectively. For both the DWI (n=170) and MTT (n=164), 94% of the measurements were within two standard deviations of the difference between the planimetric and approximate volume measurements. Comparing the planimetric and approximate volume measurements, the Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.855 and 0.886 for the DWI and MTT measurements respectively (p<0.01). Compared to the planimetric method, the approximate “XYZ/2” method had a high sensitivity (0.91), specificity (0.80), accuracy (0.86) and positive predictive value (0.85) to detect mismatch using the ≥ 50 ml definition. Compared to the qualitative method, the approximate “XYZ/2” method had a sensitivity (0.77), specificity (0.76), accuracy (0.77) and positive predictive value (0.87) to detect mismatch using the ≥ 50 ml definition. Conclusions: The approximate “XYZ/2” method is sufficient for classifying the presence of MRI determined mismatch in acute stroke patients and therefore is a potential tool when using MRI determined mismatch as an inclusion criteria for clinical trials.

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PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEMS WITH A LIMITING REACTANT

10.33225/balticste/2021.59 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saša A. Horvat ◽

◽

Dušica D. Rodić ◽

Tamara N. Rončević ◽

Snežana Babić-Kekez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Students ◽

Cognitive Complexity ◽

Chemistry Education ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Mental Effort ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Research Instrument ◽

Upper Secondary ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Test Of Knowledge

Mathematical calculations are an important part of chemistry. Those problems are difficult for students, especially if the task is set with a limiting reactant. The aim of this study was development of a Procedure for evaluation of cognitive complexity of the Stoichiometric Tasks with a Limiting Reactant. The procedure created included an assessment of the difficulty of concepts and an assessment of their interactivity. As a research instrument for assessing performance, the test of knowledge was specifically constructed for this research. Each task in the test was followed by a seven-point Likert scale for the evaluation of the invested mental effort. The research included 58 upper-secondary students. The validity of the procedure was confirmed by a series of regression analyses where statistically significant correlation coefficients are obtained among the examined variables: students’ achievement and invested mental effort from cognitive complexity (independent variable). Keywords: chemistry education, stoichiometry, problem tasks, achievement, mental effort

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Dynamic deformation of the femoral head occurs on weightbearing in Legg-Calves-Perthes disease

Bone & Joint Open ◽

10.1302/2633-1462.17.bjo-2020-0030.r1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (7) ◽

pp. 364-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexander Aarvold ◽

Ryan Lohre ◽

Harpreet Chhina ◽

Kishore Mulpuri ◽

Anthony Cooper

Keyword(s):

Femoral Head ◽

Late Stage ◽

Early Stage ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Perthes Disease ◽

Upright Mri ◽

Lateral Extrusion ◽

Femoral Heads ◽

Head Height

Aims Though the pathogenesis of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is unknown, repetitive microtrauma resulting in deformity has been postulated. The purpose of this study is to trial a novel upright MRI scanner, to determine whether any deformation occurs in femoral heads affected by LCPD with weightbearing. Methods Children affected by LCPD were recruited for analysis. Children received both standing weightbearing and supine scans in the MROpen upright MRI scanner, for coronal T1 GFE sequences, both hips in field of view. Parameters of femoral head height, width, and lateral extrusion of affected and unaffected hips were assessed by two independent raters, repeated at a one month interval. Inter- and intraclass correlation coefficients were determined. Standing and supine measurements were compared for each femoral head. Results Following rigorous protocol development in healthy age-matched volunteers, successful scanning was performed in 11 LCPD-affected hips in nine children, with seven unaffected hips therefore available for comparison. Five hips were in early stage (1 and 2) and six were in late stage (3 and 4). The mean age was 5.3 years. All hips in early-stage LCPD demonstrated dynamic deformity on weightbearing. Femoral head height decreased (mean 1.2 mm, 12.4% decrease), width increased (mean 2.5 mm, 7.2% increase), and lateral extrusion increased (median 2.5 mm, 23% increase) on standing weightbearing MRI compared to supine scans. Negligible deformation was observed in contra-lateral unaffected hips, with less deformation observed in late-stage hips. Inter- and intraclass reliability for all measured parameters was good to excellent. Conclusion This pilot study has described an effective novel research investigation for children with LCPD. Femoral heads in early-stage LCPD demonstrated dynamic deformity on weightbearing not previously seen, while unaffected hips did not. Expansion of this protocol will allow further translational study into the effects of loading hips with LCPD. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-7:364–369.

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The Accuracy and Reproducibility of Linear Measurements Made on CBCT-derived Digital Models

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1844 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 294-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad Y Hajeer ◽

Ahmad L Maroua ◽

Mowaffak Ajaj

Keyword(s):

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Intraobserver Reliability ◽

Altman Analysis ◽

Digital Models ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Bland Altman Analysis ◽

Accuracy Of Measurements ◽

The Mean ◽

Plaster Models

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of linear measurements made on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-derived digital models. Materials and methods A total of 25 patients (44% female, 18.7 ± 4 years) who had CBCT images for diagnostic purposes were included. Plaster models were obtained and digital models were extracted from CBCT scans. Seven linear measurements from predetermined landmarks were measured and analyzed on plaster models and the corresponding digital models. The measurements included arch length and width at different sites. Paired t test and Bland–Altman analysis were used to evaluate the accuracy of measurements on digital models compared to the plaster models. Also, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to evaluate the reproducibility of the measurements in order to assess the intraobserver reliability. Results The statistical analysis showed significant differences on 5 out of 14 variables, and the mean differences ranged from −0.48 to 0.51 mm. The Bland–Altman analysis revealed that the mean difference between variables was (0.14 ± 0.56) and (0.05 ± 0.96) mm and limits of agreement between the two methods ranged from −1.2 to 0.96 and from −1.8 to 1.9 mm in the maxilla and the mandible, respectively. The intraobserver reliability values were determined for all 14 variables of two types of models separately. The mean ICC value for the plaster models was 0.984 (0.924–0.999), while it was 0.946 for the CBCT models (range from 0.850 to 0.985). Conclusion Linear measurements obtained from the CBCTderived models appeared to have a high level of accuracy and reproducibility. How to cite this article Maroua AL, Ajaj M, Hajeer MY. The Accuracy and Reproducibility of Linear Measurements Made on CBCT-derived Digital Models. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(4):294-299.

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Biochemical Analysis and Comparison of Superior Cabbage Genotypes Grown in Plains and Hills of Kerala, India

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.38.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

K. Elavarasan ◽

S. Soundara Rajan ◽

A. Manoharan ◽

P.B. Pushpalatha

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Individual Genotype ◽

Acid Protein ◽

Hilly Region ◽

Head Weight ◽

Head Height ◽

The Individual

The present study was undertaken to identify the superior cabbage genotype and to examine their physical yield performance among the four cultivated genotypes namely Namdhari Seeds 183, Namdhari Seeds 160, Namdhari Seeds 35 and Tropical Sun Plus, grown in plains and higher altitude of Kerala. Study revealed that significant differences were observed in yield levels of cabbage and it was ranged from 22.6 – 29.3 kg /16m2 in hills and 1.27 – 22.06 kg /16m2 in plains. Among the cabbage genotypes, NS 183 was found to be the best for hilly region in terms of higher head yield (22.06 Kg /16m2), head weight (729.6 g), head height (11.1 cm) and early maturity. Similarly, Tropical Sun Plus exhibited better performance in plains in terms of higher head yield (22.06 Kg /16m2), head weight (729.6 g) and head height (11.1 cm). The individual genotype which exhibited the superior performance in hills and plains were selected and compared for the general biochemical characters like Moisture content, acidity, ascorbic acid, protein, phosphorus, calcium and potassium. Finally, the study found that, the genotype grown at hill (Tropical Sun Plus) was recorded a higher biochemical characters than genotype grown in plains (Tropical Sun plus). Similarly, hill grown genotype (NS 183) recorded a higher biochemical characters than the plains grown genotype (NS 183).

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Intensitas Penggunaan Gadget terhadap Self Esteem

Jurnal Consulenza : Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling dan Psikologi ◽

10.36835/jcbkp.v3i1.720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

Fareesah Koowa ◽

Arifin Nur Budiono ◽

Sri Prawita

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Free Variable ◽

Correlation Study ◽

Self Evaluation ◽

Independent Variable ◽

R Value ◽

Moderate Relationship

Self esteem is self-evaluation. This research was conducted to see the influence of the use of gadgets on student self esteem. Methods of study used quantitive methods and simple correlates. The purpose of this correlation study was conducted to determine the influence between the research objectives of correlation is done to know the influence between the free variable (independent variable) namely the intensity of use of gadgets and bound variables (dependent variable) i.e. self esteem. Research location at SMP 01 Islam Jember. Data collection is done by means of interviews, polls and documents. Based on statistical tests using the Pearson Product Moment test obtained a R value of 0.4022 with a range of correlation coefficients ranging between-1, 0 and 1 It can be concluded that there is a moderate relationship. From the result of the calculation by using T test, obtained t count by 10.07433 thereby hypothesis (ha) that said that there is influence of the intensity of use of gadgets against self esteem Students class VII SMP Islam Jember Received and hypotheses (HO) Be dipelling. Keywords: Intensity Gadget, Self Esteem

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A Mathematical Approach to Evaluating the Influence of Various Factors on the Stability of Aggregates in Vertisols

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v53i1.11177 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 57-60

Author(s):

M. A. Lugo López ◽

Raúl Pérez Escolar

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Aggregates ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Clay Content ◽

Mathematical Approach ◽

Single Factor ◽

Additional Increase ◽

Independent Variable ◽

The Stability

A mathematical approach is presented in this paper to evaluate the influence of such factors as clay content, silt content, organic matter, Ca + Mg, and soluble sodium upon the stability of soil aggregates in a group of Vertisols from the Lajas Valley, P.R. The relationships between aggregate stability and silt and clay were not significant. When the percentage of organic matter was considered as the independent variable, a highly significant correlation coefficient of 0.66 was obtained. Therefore, almost 43 percent of the variability in aggregate stability could be explained on the basis of this single factor. Attempts to increase the percentage of the variability which could be explained in terms of the content of Ca + Mg, and also of soluble sodium, yielded correlation coefficients of 0.70 and 0.74, respectively. Thus, only a slight, but significant, additional increase could be explained when these variables were included.

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